Psychology Commons^™

The Expectancy-Value Theory Of Achievement Motivation And The Enumeration Of Possible Selves: Evidence For Outcomes During Emerging Adulthood, Janet M. Roberts

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

The expectancy-value theory of achievement motivation (Eccles, Adler, Futterman, Goff, Kaczala, et al., 1983; Wigfield & Eccles, 2000) posits that an “individual’s choice, persistence, and performance can be explained by their beliefs about how well they will do on the activity and the extent to which they value the activity” (Wigfield & Eccles, 2000, p. 68). Related research has focused on the enumeration of possible selves and how one’s hoped-for and feared possible selves (Markus & Nurius, 1986) influence motivation and engagement in activities related to goal choices. Most studies of motivation and achievement have focused on children and adolescents …

Stanford-Binet Profile Differences Between Normative Children And Those With Learning Disabilities Or Adhd, Seth Michael Tippin

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

The prevalence oflearning disorders (LD) and attention-deficit disorders (ADHD) in school-aged children has received a great deal of interest for decades. The history, defining characteristics and methods of assessment remain relevant as many school-aged children continue to receive these diagnoses. The assessment of LD and ADHD can be a difficult and time-consuming process which involves numerous testing instruments and clinical interviews. Both diagnoses typically require intelligence testing, achievement testing, personality assessment and behavioral or syndrome specific testing. The current study sought to develop subtest profiles for the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, Fifth Edition that would serve to streamline the assessment battery …

Influencing Adaptive Functioning In School-Age Children: Implementation And Program Evaluation Of The Coping Power Program, Aaron Russell

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

Up to 20% of children have a diagnosable mental disorder, but only a small percentage of them actually receive treatment. The developmental trajectory of psychopathology suggests that children who show early signs of behavioral or emotional problems are likely to experience a continual increase in those problems as they grow. Caregivers, attempting to seek assistance for their children, must often navigate a complex mental health maze, obtain funding for treatment and negotiate additional treatment barriers. School-based interventions can remove many of these potential treatment barriers. Coping Power (CP), a school-based Empirically Supported Treatment (EST) intervention created by Lochman, Wells, and …

Behavioral Approaches To Weight Control: A Review Of Current Research, Angela Marinilli Pinto, Jessica Gokee-Larose, Rena R. Wing

Publications and Research

Weight management is a salient issue for women. Studies of behavioral, pharmacological and surgical interventions indicate that women comprise the majority of patients presenting for weight-loss treatment. In this review we discuss the health impact of obesity for women, review behavioral treatments for adult overweight and obesity, and address topics of particular relevance for women, including concerns that weight-loss treatment may precipitate the development of eating pathology, as well as time periods of high risk for weight gain such as pregnancy and menopause.

Parental Attributions Concerning The Causes And Controllability Of Adolescent Depression, Joan E. Mcdowell

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

The primary purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between parental attributions concerning adolescent depression and levels of negative expressed emotion (EE) within the home by breaking down attributional beliefs into two dimensions: the etiology of the disorder and the controllability of the symptoms. This study included 154 parents of adolescents who filled out an online survey. Participants were predominantly female and identified themselves as White/non-Hispanic. Among the teens, each gender was relatively well-represented. Mean age of respondents was 44.7, and mean age of the adolescents was 16.0. Of the entire sample, 101 were identified as the clinical …

Natural Course Of Bulimia Nervosa And Of Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified: 5-Year Prospective Study Of Remissions, Relapses, And The Effects Of Personality Disorder Psychopathology, Carlos M. Grilo, Maria E. Pagano, Andrew E. Skodol, Charles A. Sanislow, Thomas H. Mcglashan, John G. Gunderson, Robert L. Stout

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

OBJECTIVE: To examine prospectively the natural course of bulimia nervosa and eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) and to test for the effects of personality disorder psychopathology on remission and relapse.

METHOD: Subjects were 92 female patients with current bulimia nervosa (N = 23) or EDNOS (N = 69) at baseline enrollment in the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study. Axis I psychiatric disorders (including eating disorders) were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders-Patient Version, and personality disorders were assessed with the Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders (DIPD-IV). The course of eating disorders was assessed …

Interpreter Competency Exam In Mental Health, Sergiy Barsukov

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

The issue of diversity has become one of the most salient among mental health professionals in the past few decades. As the American society becomes more and more diverse the need for professionals who can provide culturally competent services will continue to rise. One of the important aspects of culture is language. When serving clients who are monolingual it is not always possible to find a therapist who fluently speaks the client's language. Therefore, professionals often have to use interpreters in order to adequately serve their clients. Initial research on interpreter competence is concerning, with one study reporting an average …

Using Selected Scales Of The Mmpi-A To Differentiate Adjudicated From Nonadjudicated Adolescent Females., Brandon M. Robbins

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

Juvenile crime has become an increasingly notable problem in society. Historically, a large portion of research on juvenile offenders centers on the psychological diagnosis of conduct disorder. Juveniles diagnosed with Conduct Disorder often possess other high-risk factors that further complicate their problematic behaviors. For example, deviant peer groups reinforce such behaviors as do home environments where parents exhibit antisocial behaviors and substance abuse (Kronenberger & Meyer, 2001 ). Female offenders constitute a small but important part of the population of adolescents who become involved in the legal system, yet they have been the subject of minimal research. Although only 7-27% …

The Influences Of Identities And Social Connectedness On Self-Objectification, Melissa Grey

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

According to objectification theory, girls and women are socialized to adopt an external observer’s view of the self. Self-objectification occurs when there is an emphasis on physical appearance and a de-emphasis and devaluation of internal and physical competence features, all of which have been related to negative psychological consequences. Trait self-objectification is chronic preoccupation with physical appearance that occurs with little or no environmental appearance cues. While self-objectification has been demonstrated in diverse samples, research suggests self-objectification is particularly prominent for women. This study investigated the relationships between different feminist and sexual identities and trait self-objectification. A sample of 187 …

Personality Traits Predict Current And Future Functioning Comparably For Individuals With Major Depressive And Personality Disorders, Christopher J. Hopwood, Leslie C. Morey, M. Tracie Shea, Thomas H. Mcglashan, Charles A. Sanislow, Carlos M. Grilo, John G. Gunderson, Mary C. Zanarini, Andrew E. Skodol

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

Axes I and II were separated in DSM-III to encourage the consideration of the influence of both personality and psychopathology on patient behavior, on the assumption that an understanding of personality would increment syndromal diagnosis in treatment decisions. However, in practice the distinction between Axis I and Axis II is less clear. The current report investigates one aspect on which Axis I and Axis II might be expected to differ, that being the the significance of normative personality traits as an influence on functional status. In this study, the contribution of normative personality traits to functioning is presented for 2 …

Fee Guilt: Examining Clinician Bias Against Pro Bono Patients, Darin L. Bergen

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

Discussing pro bono therapy has not been a popular topic in psychology literature. What has been written from a theoretical perspective is generally opposed to the idea of free therapy. The few empirical studies regarding pro bono therapy suggest that the relationship between pro bono therapy and negative therapeutic outcome is not clear. In fact, it can be argued that the main negative dynamics in free therapy reside within the therapist, not the client. Thus, the purpose of this study was to understand the impact of a pro bono therapy request on therapists' diagnosis. Members of AP A Division 12 …

Empathy In Psychology Interns And Medical Residents: An Investigation Of The Cognitive And Emotional Components Of Empathy, Sarah Sherrard

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

Empathy has been recognized by both the mental health and medical fields as a central component of relationships between patients and treatment providers. Empathy of care providers has important implications for treatment outcomes of both medical and psychological conditions. Since it is becoming more common for mental health issues to be addressed primarily by primary care physicians, it is important to consider how physicians and psychologists compare on levels of empathy. The present study was an investigation of how medical residents and psychology interns compare on both cognitive and affective components of empathy. The Interpersonal Reactivity Index, designed to measure …

Longitudinal Effects Of Personality Disorders On Psychosocial Functioning Of Patients With Major Depressive Disorder, John C. Markowitz, Andrew E. Skodol, Eva Petkova, Jianfeng Cheng, Charles A. Sanislow, Carlos M. Grilo, John G. Gunderson, Thomas H. Mcglashan

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

OBJECTIVE: No previous research has focused on psychosocial functioning in understanding how personality disorders compound the impairment caused by major depressive disorder over time. This report describes the effects of persistent and remitting comorbid personality disorders on the depressive status and functioning of patients with major depressive disorder over the course of 2 years.

METHOD: Longitudinal data on functioning from the first 2 years of the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study were evaluated for 3 groups of subjects with major depressive disorder: subjects with major depressive disorder alone (N = 103), those with persistent comorbid personality disorders (N = 164), …

Perceptions Of Student Organizations On Campus, Rachael Lunt

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This two part study investigated whether perceptions of student organizations are related to participants' ethnicity as well as the ethnicity of the ethnic student organization. Study 1 (N = 460) assessed overall attitudes toward ethnic student organizations dependent upon ethnicity of the participants. Study 2 (N = 631) assessed how attitudes toward ethnic student organizations were affected not only by race of the participant but also by ethnicity of the student organization. Results of Study 1 indicate that overall White students found the ethnic student organizations least beneficial/necessary, most racist, and had the least interest in joining as compared to …

Clinical Treatment Provider Attitudes Toward Sexual Offender Management Within An Outpatient Treatment Center : Treatment Provider Attitude Survey, Dustan A. Barabas

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

The present study's foundation is based on research suggesting that the attitudes of clinicians regarding their clients have profound effects on therapeutic alliances, empathy, and staff burnouts, which may contribute to treatment barriers. Because professionally appropriate behavior often conceals stigma, misconceptions, and negative feelings that clinicians may have toward sexual offenders, an anonymous survey of attitudes, job burnout, and empathy was conducted in an outpatient setting. The survey instruments tap into some latent factors concerning the attitudes of clinicians, their perceptions of burnout, and their abilities to empathize with their clients. This research focused on describing a population of clinicians …

Repeated Intracarotid Amobarbital Tests, T. Loddenkemper, H. H. Morris, Tara T. Lineweaver, C. Kellinghaus

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

Rationale:Our goal was to determine the frequency of repeated intracarotid amobarbital test (IAT) at our center and to estimate the retest reliability of the IAT for both language and memory lateralization.

Methods: A total of 1,249 consecutive IATs on 1,190 patients were retrospectively reviewed for repeat tests.

Results: In 4% of patients the IAT was repeated in order to deliver satisfactory information on either language or memory lateralization. Reasons for repetition included obtundation and inability to test for memory lateralization, inability to test for language lateralization, no hemiparesis during first test, no aphasia during first test, atypical vessel filling, …

Predicting Repeated Sexual Behavior Problems Among Youth: A Hierarchically Optimal Classification Tree Analysis, David J. Morgan

Dissertations

This study examined characteristics of youth with sexual behavior problems (N = 251) followed over approximately two years and applied Classification Tree Analysis (CTA) via Optimal Data Analysis (ODA) to produce a hierarchically optimal classification model to predict recurrence of SBP over time. This study was designed to address problems with clinical judgment leading to inaccurate diagnosis and in some cases, incorrect treatment or placement of the youth by ascertaining if an actuarial model designed to optimize classification accuracy might be more helpful in directing diagnosis and treatment for these youth. Results suggest initial event severity influences the potential for …

Peer Victimization, Depression, And Suicidality In Adolescents, Anat Brunstein Klomek, Frank Marrocco, Marjorie Kleinman, Irvin Sam Schonfeld, Madelyn S. Gould

Publications and Research

Objective: To assess the association between bullying behavior and depression, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts among adolescents. Method: A self-report survey was completed by 9th- through 12th-grade students (n = 2342) in six New York State high schools from 2002 through 2004. Regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between being victimized and bullying others with depression, ideation, and attempts. Results: Approximately 9% of the sample reported being victimized frequently, and 13% reported bullyingothers frequently. Frequent exposure to victimization or bullying others was related to high risks of depression, ideation, and suicide attempts compared …

Studying Gambling Experimentally: The Value Of Money, Jeffrey N. Weatherly, Ellen Meier

Analysis of Gambling Behavior

Determining whether “gambling” behavior in the laboratory differs as a function of whether or not participants are risking actual money is important because the outcome will determine whether results from laboratory research can be genera-lized to actual gambling. Eighteen participants played video poker in two sepa-rate sessions. In one, they risked credits that had no monetary value and in the other they risked credits worth money. Results showed that participants played a similar number of hands and played with similar accuracy regardless of whether or not the credits had monetary value. However, participants risked significantly fewer credits when the credits …

Assessing And Manipulating The Illusion Of Control Of Video Poker Players, Mark R. Dixon, James W. Jackson, Jennifer Delaney, Bethany Holton, Martha C. Crothers

Analysis of Gambling Behavior

The present investigation explored the presence of illusory control in recreation-al video poker players. Using a multi-monitor computer which allowed for two different types of games to be presented concurrently, one on each monitor, players were allowed to freely choose which game they wished to play. One option allowed for the player to select the cards they wished to hold and discard, while the other option was designed such that the computer automatically se-lected the most probabilistically optimal sequence of cards to hold and discard. In the first experiment, two groups of ten participants were exposed to one of two …

Rats Playing A Slot Machine: A Preliminary Attempt At An Animal Gambling Model, Jeffrey N. Weatherly, Adam Derenne

Analysis of Gambling Behavior

Due to certain ethical and procedural considerations, it is not possible to con-duct certain experimental studies on human gambling behavior. Animal mod-els of gambling may hold some utility because they can possibly overcome these considerations. The present experiment was a first attempt to establish an animal model of gambling by having rats play a “slot machine.” Rats pressed a lever on a fixed-ratio 5 schedule of reinforcement. In the Cue conditions, a bank of stimulus lights flashed after the completion of the ratio, with the pattern of lights that subsequently remained illuminated signaling what consequence would be received (i.e., a …

Commentary The Alloplastic Nature Of Pathological Gambling, Nancy M. Petry, Gegory J. Madden, John M. Roll

Analysis of Gambling Behavior

No abstract provided.

Commentary Getting There: Commentary On "Toward An Intergrative Behavioral Model Of Gambling" By Weatherly And Dixon, Charles A. Lyons

Analysis of Gambling Behavior

No abstract provided.

Commentary Intergrative Model Or Fracturing Framework: Better We Hedge Our Bets, Mark P. Reilly, Andrew T. Fox

Analysis of Gambling Behavior

No abstract provided.

Commentary Verbal Relations And The Behavior Analysis Of Gambling, Simon Dymond, Robert Whelan

Analysis of Gambling Behavior

No abstract provided.

In Response An Intergrative, Not Necessarily Comprehensive, Behavioral Model Of Gambling, Mark R. Dixon, Jeffrey N. Weatherly

Analysis of Gambling Behavior

No abstract provided.

The Role Of "Experience" When People Gamble On Three Different Video-Poker Games, Jeffrey N. Weatherly, David P. Austin, Katie Farewell

Analysis of Gambling Behavior

The present experiment was designed to determine if and how experience might alter individuals’ gambling when playing video poker. Twelve self-identified “experienced” poker players and 12 self-identified “novices” were recruited to play video poker across three different sessions. A different game (i.e., Jacks or Better, Bonus Poker, or Loose Deuces) was played in each session, with these games differing in what strategies were optimal. “Experienced” participants displayed more knowledge of poker than their “novice” counterparts. However, the only observed difference in the gambling between “experienced” and “no-vice” players was in how much they bet per hand, with “experienced” players betting …

Using Winpoker 6.0 To Study Gambling Behavior, James W. Jackson

Analysis of Gambling Behavior

Previous technical efforts have described how custom computer programs for the study of gambling behavior may be created to allow for the manipulation of variables not readily available in natural gambling contexts, however many people may lack the technical repertoires necessary to make such efforts feasible. The current paper discusses how a commercially available Video-Poker simula-tion and training software package, WinPoker 6.0, may be employed to study gambling behavior.

Perceptions Of Luck: Near Win And Near Loss Experiences, Dustin Daugherty, Otto H. Maclin

Analysis of Gambling Behavior

Current research examining gambling behaviors has tended to focus on structur-al features such as the “near miss” phenomenon. Until now this research has focused mainly on a near “win” situation and ignored what can be considered a near “loss” situation (Wohl & Enzle, 2003). The present study compared the effects of participants‟ (N=132) near win/loss situations when playing a Wheel of Fortune slot-machine program designed to manipulate near wins and near losses. Near win/loss events were presented at a rate of 15, 30, or 45 percent of the total trials during an acquisition phase. Participants experiencing near win situations at …

Wada Test Reliability (Response To Haber Et Al.), T. Loddenkemper, H. H. Morris, Tara T. Lineweaver, C. Kellinghaus

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

Response piece.