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Articles 1 - 22 of 22
Full-Text Articles in Other Social and Behavioral Sciences
A Qualitative Functional Analysis Of Academic Procrastination Among Irish Undergraduate Students, Gráinne Carthy
A Qualitative Functional Analysis Of Academic Procrastination Among Irish Undergraduate Students, Gráinne Carthy
Masters
Academic procrastination involves the needless postponement of academic tasks at the expense of one’s academic goals. Informed by the principles of Acceptance Commitment Therapy, this study explored students’ experiences of academic procrastination in an Irish undergraduate sample. Over two studies, semi structured interviews were used to explore the common scenarios in which students tended to procrastinate, and also the scenarios which by contrast tended to motivate relatively immediate academic engagement. Study 1 involved interviewing twelve participants who had been recruited from online lectures. After noting the potential for self-selection bias in this recruitment strategy, study 2 specifically recruited seven participants …
Why Trust Out-Groups? The Role Of Punishment Under Uncertainty, Xiaofei Pan, Daniel Houser
Why Trust Out-Groups? The Role Of Punishment Under Uncertainty, Xiaofei Pan, Daniel Houser
Economics Faculty Journal Articles
We conducted a hidden-effort trust game, in which we assigned subjects to one of two groups. The groups, which were formed through two different group formation processes, included a “social” group that required sharing and exchange among its members, and a “non-social” group that did not. Once assigned, subjects participated in the game with members from both groups, either with or without the opportunity to punish a trustee who may have defected on them. We found that for investors in the non-social group, the opportunity to punish a trustee worked to promote trust, but only when the trustee was a …
A Generative Model Of The Mutual Escalation Of Anxiety Between Religious Groups, F. Leron Shults, Ross Gore, Wesley J. Wildman, Christopher J. Lynch, Justin E. Lane, Monica D. Toft
A Generative Model Of The Mutual Escalation Of Anxiety Between Religious Groups, F. Leron Shults, Ross Gore, Wesley J. Wildman, Christopher J. Lynch, Justin E. Lane, Monica D. Toft
VMASC Publications
We propose a generative agent-based model of the emergence and escalation of xenophobic anxiety in which individuals from two different religious groups encounter various hazards within an artificial society. The architecture of the model is informed by several empirically validated theories about the role of religion in intergroup conflict. Our results identify some of the conditions and mechanisms that engender the intensification of anxiety within and between religious groups. We define mutually escalating xenophobic anxiety as the increase of the average level of anxiety of the agents in both groups overtime. Trace validation techniques show that the most common conditions …
Families And Workplaces, E. Jeffrey Hill, Erin K. Holmes
Families And Workplaces, E. Jeffrey Hill, Erin K. Holmes
Faculty Publications
In order to survive and thrive, every family must both provide for and nurture its members. This is true regardless of the particular structure, size, ethnicity, religious affiliation, sexual orientation, or cultural background of the family. Physical needs of families are most frequently met through paid labor in workplaces. Nurturing needs of individuals are most commonly met by family members in the home. Learning how to simultaneously provide for and nurture one's family in harmony is of interest to everyone but very difficult to achieve. It is not wonder that research on the interface between families and workplaces has exploded …
Parental Cultural Conflict And Children's Cultural Identity Development, Amanda Araki
Parental Cultural Conflict And Children's Cultural Identity Development, Amanda Araki
Student Research Posters
Parent culturally incompatibility was evaluated for its possible negative impact on a bicultural offspring’s cultural identity development. The 43 self-identified bicultural participants, aged from 18 to 67 years, provided family cultural histories, and completed the Parental Cultural Conflict Scale (PCCS) and the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM). The hypothesized relationship between high PCCS levels and low MEIM levels was not supported by the data; however, the range of responses on the PCCS was very limited with a complete absence of any very low or very high conflict scores. It was concluded that parents’ cultural incompatibility does not have the level …
Alleged Insanity: Frank Johnson Sr., Racial Injustice, And The Failure Of The Mental Health Care System In South Carolina, Jonathon P. Johnson
Alleged Insanity: Frank Johnson Sr., Racial Injustice, And The Failure Of The Mental Health Care System In South Carolina, Jonathon P. Johnson
Senior Theses
This thesis is about Frank Johnson Sr. and the circumstances that led to his downfall as a farmer and father of six, to his tragic death in the isolation of a racially segregated mental institution 18 miles away from his home. Using his life and incarceration at the South Carolina State Park mental health facility, I argue that racial injustice contributed to his tragic death and the woefully inadequate treatment thousands of African Americans in South Carolina received during Jim Crow. Additionally, I argue that the tragic circumstances around my great grandfather’s institutionalization and death were part of an enduring …
Green Advertising And Millennials, Stephanie Davidson
Green Advertising And Millennials, Stephanie Davidson
Honors Projects in Marketing
This study investigates the responsiveness of Millennials to green versus non-green framed automobile print ads. A 2x2 factorial design was used in which specific advertising frames were manipulated to measure ad attitudes, purchase intentions, and skepticism for a high involvement product (i.e., an automobile). Results showed that highly-environmentally-concerned participants have more positive ad attitudes and greater purchase intentions after viewing a green ad than after viewing a non-green ad. These differences were not evident however for participants who exhibited low-environmental-concern. The results also showed that participants who are more environmentally concerned are less skeptical about green ads than those who …
The Influence Of Instagram On Exercise And Eating Behavior, Bridgette Kosek
The Influence Of Instagram On Exercise And Eating Behavior, Bridgette Kosek
Honors Projects in Marketing
The use of social media, specifically Instagram, of 305 Bryant University students ages 18-28 was investigated through student completion of an online survey to examine how following exercise and food related Instagram accounts impacts behavior. Both male and females use Instagram fairly equally, though males are more responsive to food Instagram accounts than females, who have no significant difference in behavior. Both males and females who follow exercise Instagram accounts are significantly more active than those who do not follow exercise Instagram accounts. Given the recent explosive use of Instagram in the population, the implications for this study are enormous, …
Relationship Between Psychological Well-Being And Perceived Wellness In Online Graduate Counselor Education Students, Wendy Merryman, Magy Martin, Don Martin
Relationship Between Psychological Well-Being And Perceived Wellness In Online Graduate Counselor Education Students, Wendy Merryman, Magy Martin, Don Martin
Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision
Counselor well-being is an important contributor to the effectiveness of the therapeutic relationship. This study examined the relationship between psychological well-being and perceived wellness in a sample (N = 100) of graduate students enrolled in two online counselor training programs. The issue of personal counseling was also addressed in this study. Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between psychological well-being and perceived wellness.
An Exploratory Study Of Hotel Manager Side-Taking Behavior And Its Influence On Employee Unfairness Perception And Negative Emotion, Yan Zhou
Open Access Theses
It is not rare that hotel managers show inconsistent attitudes and behaviors in front of customers and employees in their daily work. With limited time and resource, sometimes it is inevitable that hotel managers present certain tendencies to side with one party over the other when service failures occur between the two groups. However, in academia few studies have discussed these side-taking phenomena. The present researcher conducted an exploratory study about their definition and influence on hotel employees. Two video-based experiments were conducted and their results testified to the hypotheses that hotel managers' side-taking behaviors can lead to employee perceptions …
Molar Effects Of Increasing Amounts And Immediacy To External Food Sources In 4-Hr Sessions, Abdulrazaq A. Imam, Steven R. Hursh
Molar Effects Of Increasing Amounts And Immediacy To External Food Sources In 4-Hr Sessions, Abdulrazaq A. Imam, Steven R. Hursh
Abdulrazaq A. Imam
Rats worked under a fixed-ratio 45 schedule of reinforcementduring 4-hr long sessions either in sixteen 1S-min work periods (2rats in Experiments 1 and 3) or in a single work period (3 rats inExperiments 2 and 4) while receiving varying amounts of externalfood. In Experiments 1 and 2, a fixed amount of external food wasprovided in different conditions., whereas in Experiments 3 and 4,both earned and total food intake were fixed to a dally maximum.Consumption and responding decreased with availability comparedto nonavailability of external food and systematically declined withincreasing amounts of external food in progressively openeconomies. The independence-quotient statistic was differentiallysensitive …
Justice Expectations And Applicant Perceptions, Bradford S. Bell, Anne Marie Ryan, Darin Wiechmann
Justice Expectations And Applicant Perceptions, Bradford S. Bell, Anne Marie Ryan, Darin Wiechmann
Bradford S Bell
Expectations, which are beliefs about a future state of affairs, constitute a basic psychological mechanism that underlies virtually all human behavior. Although expectations serve as a central component in many theories of organizational behavior, they have received limited attention in the organizational justice literature. The goal of this paper is to introduce the concept of justice expectations and explore its implications for understanding applicant perceptions. To conceptualize justice expectations, we draw on research on expectations conducted in multiple disciplines. We discuss the three sources of expectations – direct experience, indirect influences, and other beliefs - and use this typology to …
Educators' Attitudes Toward Outdoor Classrooms And The Cognitive Benefits In Children, Carlie Speedlin
Educators' Attitudes Toward Outdoor Classrooms And The Cognitive Benefits In Children, Carlie Speedlin
Department of Environmental Studies: Undergraduate Student Theses
A case study was organized at a K-5 elementary school in Lincoln, Nebraksa. This school is Saratoga Elementary School and is a United States Title I Distinguished School1 under No Child Left Behind. It has a population of 266 students, with 47% being minority, 1% gifted, and 28% special education (LPS School Profile Brochure). 80% of the student population is eligible for free/reduced meals, implying that it’s a school with a lower socioeconomic status. At this school a garden space was constructed and an after school garden club was implemented for this case study. The club had been running since …
Israeli- Palestinian Ethnic Conflict, Allen Gnanam
Israeli- Palestinian Ethnic Conflict, Allen Gnanam
Allen Gnanam
This research paper discusses the historical, religious, and ideological factors linked to the Israeli- Palestinian ethnic conflict, and how these factors have contributed to middle eastern resentment toward the Jewish State of Israeli. The Modernist Theory, Perceptual Framework, and he Domestic Framework have been applied to the analysis of the Israeli- Palestinian ethnic conflict, in order to demonstrate the intensity of the above factors and their provocative role in the conflict. Other provocative issues that are discussed in this paper include territorial wars, ethnic nationalism, the competition for natural resources, the biased dissemination of historical text through educational institutions, and …
A Primary Human Challenge, Carroy U. Ferguson
A Primary Human Challenge, Carroy U. Ferguson
Carroy U "Cuf" Ferguson, Ph.D.
We may ask why, at both the individual and collective levels, it has seemed so difficult for us to choose to evolve our human games with Joy. There is no one answer for such a question, for each of us has the gift of free will. I will suggest, however, that built into our human games is what I call a primary human challenge. That primary human challenge is a dynamic tension, flowing from our creative urge for the freedom “to be” who we really are in our current physical form, and simultaneously to embrace our responsibility for our Being-ness.
Maternal Psychological Control And Preschool Children’S Behavioral Outcomes In China, Russia, And The United States, Susanne Frost Olsen, Chongming Yang, Craig H. Hart, Clyde C. Robinson, Peixia Wu, David A. Nelson, Larry J. Nelson, Shenghua Jin, Jianzhong Wo
Maternal Psychological Control And Preschool Children’S Behavioral Outcomes In China, Russia, And The United States, Susanne Frost Olsen, Chongming Yang, Craig H. Hart, Clyde C. Robinson, Peixia Wu, David A. Nelson, Larry J. Nelson, Shenghua Jin, Jianzhong Wo
Faculty Publications
A growing body of Western literature has demonstrated the importance of three domains of socialization—connection with significant others, regulation of behavior, and the facilitation of psychological autonomy—in predicting outcomes in adolescents and children (Barber, 1997a, 1997b; Gray & Steinberg, 1999; Hart, Newell, & Olsen, in press; Nelson, 1997; Steinberg, Dornbusch, & Brown, 1992). Psychological control—parenting that does not allow children psychological autonomy, as has been defined elsewhere in this volume, has received increased attention in the past decade (for a discussion of definitions and research, see chapter 2, this volume).
Gender-Related Traits, Sexual Self-Efficacy, Importance Of Relationship And The Relationship To College Women's Condom Use, Elizabeth A. Youmans
Gender-Related Traits, Sexual Self-Efficacy, Importance Of Relationship And The Relationship To College Women's Condom Use, Elizabeth A. Youmans
Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)
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Stock Optimizing In Choice When Toke Deposit Is The Operant, Abdulrazaq Imam, J Widholm, A Silberberg, S Hursh, F Warren-Boulton
Stock Optimizing In Choice When Toke Deposit Is The Operant, Abdulrazaq Imam, J Widholm, A Silberberg, S Hursh, F Warren-Boulton
Abdulrazaq A. Imam
Each of 2 monkeys typically earned their daily food ration by depositing tokens in one of two slots. Tokens deposited in one slot dropped into a bin where they were kept (token kept). Deposits to a second slot dropped into a bin where they could be obtained again (token returned). In Experiment 1, a fixed-ratio (FR) 5 schedule that provided two food pellets was associated with each slot. Both monkeys preferred the token-returned slot. In Experiment 2, both subjects chose between unequal FR schedules with the token-returned slot always associated with the leaner schedule. When the FRs were 2 versus …
Speed Contingencies, Number Of Stimulus Presentations, And The Nodality Effect In Equivalence Class Formation, Abdulrazaq A. Imam
Speed Contingencies, Number Of Stimulus Presentations, And The Nodality Effect In Equivalence Class Formation, Abdulrazaq A. Imam
Abdulrazaq A. Imam
Rats worked under a fixed-ratio (FR) 45 schedule of reinforcement during 4-hr long sessions either in 16 15-min work periods (2 rats in Exps 1 and 3) or in a single work period (3 rats in Exps 2 and 4) while receiving varying amounts of external food. In Exps 1 and 2, a fixed amount of external food was provided in different conditions, whereas in Exps 3 and 4, both earned and total food intake were fixed to a daily maximum. Consumption and responding decreased with availability compared to nonavailability of external food and systematically declined with increasing amounts of …
Response-Reinforcer Independence And The Economic Continuum: A Preliminary Analysis, Abdulrazaq A. Imam
Response-Reinforcer Independence And The Economic Continuum: A Preliminary Analysis, Abdulrazaq A. Imam
Abdulrazaq A. Imam
Three pigeons were exposed to 1-hr and 4-hr sessions during which they earned food under a fixedratio 50 schedule of reinforcement while obtaining additional food according to either a variableinterval or a variable-time schedule. Postsession food was provided after the 1-hr sessions. The frequency of the variable-interval and variable-time food presentations was varied under the two session durations. The various combinations of within-session earned and unearned food, as well as the postsession food, defined conditions on the open-to-closed economy continuum. Key pecks tended to increase as the frequency of either variable-interval or variable-time food decreased. An economiccontinuum analysis based on …
Acute Effects Of Cocaine On Spontaneous And Discriminative Motor Functions: Relation To Route Of Administration, C. Lau, Abdulrazaq Imam, M. Fang, J. Falk
Acute Effects Of Cocaine On Spontaneous And Discriminative Motor Functions: Relation To Route Of Administration, C. Lau, Abdulrazaq Imam, M. Fang, J. Falk
Abdulrazaq A. Imam
Rats administered cocaine i.p. and p.o. (7.5-30 mg/kg) showed dose-related increases in locomotor (LM) and small-movement activities, with LM rates decreasing over the 2-hr session, except at the largest i.p. dose, for which rates were greater in the 2nd hr. Lidocaine p.o. (15-30 mg/kg) did not increase activity. Relating the area under the curve measures for serum cocaine (concentration-time) and LM activity (LM activity-time) for 2 hr postadministration indicated that cocaine was about twice as potent i.p., compared to p.o., in increasing LM activity. Cocaine (i.p. and p.o.) produced dose-related decrements in both discriminative motor control performance and in task …
Effects Of Alternative Reinforcement Sources: A Reevaluation, Abdulrazaq A. Imam, K A. Lattal
Effects Of Alternative Reinforcement Sources: A Reevaluation, Abdulrazaq A. Imam, K A. Lattal
Abdulrazaq A. Imam
The effects of two alternative sources of food delivery on the key-peck responding of pigeons were examined. Pecking was maintained by a variable-interval 3-min schedule. In the presence of this schedule in different conditions, either a variable-time 3-min schedule delivering food independently of responding or an equivalent schedule that required a minimum 2-s pause between a key peck and food delivery (a differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior schedule) was added. The differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior schedule reduced response rates more than did the variable-time schedule in most instances. The delay between a key peck and the next reinforcer consistently was longer under the differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior schedule than under …