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Articles 1 - 30 of 71
Full-Text Articles in Criminology and Criminal Justice
Prosecutorial Discretion And Plea Bargaining: Is There A Jury Trial Penalty?, Gina Hall
Prosecutorial Discretion And Plea Bargaining: Is There A Jury Trial Penalty?, Gina Hall
HIM 1990-2015
As the most powerful position of the courtroom workgroup, the prosecutor plays an essential role in the criminal justice system. From the defendant's initial contact with the criminal court process when the prosecutor makes the charging decision, until sentencing when the prosecutor's recommendation guides judicial discretion, prosecutors hold the power to decide a defendant's fate. Despite the parameters that govern their ability to use discretion, the prosecutor still maintains a significant amount of power to influence crucial decisions with regard to the defendant. The current study addresses the issue of prosecutorial discretion and the ability to mishandle the powers bestowed …
State Super-Maximum Security Policies: An Examination Of Admission Characteristics, Classification Reviews, Mental Health Amenities, And Inmate Privileges, Harry Daniel Butler
State Super-Maximum Security Policies: An Examination Of Admission Characteristics, Classification Reviews, Mental Health Amenities, And Inmate Privileges, Harry Daniel Butler
Master's Theses
Super-maximum security prisons have flourished within a political environment that endorses tougher criminal sanctions. This punitive evolution has created new problems for correctional agencies attempting to control the “worst of the worst” inmates. Federal courts and researchers have examined the detrimental effects supermax isolation has on inmates’ mental health. This analysis examines forty-two state supermax policies to determine how states admit inmates to supermax custody, the classification review process, the management of inmates with mental illnesses, and the availability of privileges for supermax inmates. Drawing on the concept of the McDonaldization of Justice (Ritzer, 1993), particular attention is given to …
A Content Analysis Of Statutory Grounds For Involuntary Termination Of Parental Rights: The Impacts And Susceptibility Of Incarcerated Mothers And Their Children, Holly Marie Duke
A Content Analysis Of Statutory Grounds For Involuntary Termination Of Parental Rights: The Impacts And Susceptibility Of Incarcerated Mothers And Their Children, Holly Marie Duke
Master's Theses
As the myriad of complex circumstances surrounding incarceration and foster care debilitate the parent-child relationship, the likelihood of legal severance between an incarcerated parent and their child increases. Despite the nation’s mounting prison population over the last three decades, the growing interaction between the prison and foster care populations has received minimal attention in the literature. To date, the influence of the statutory grounds for involuntary termination of parental rights on the legal severance between incarcerated parents and their children has been largely ignored. The purpose of this research is to determine the susceptibility of incarcerated parents to the involuntary …
From Juvenile Court To The Adult Criminal Justice System: An Examination Of Judicial Waiver, Sheri Lu Jenkins Cruz
From Juvenile Court To The Adult Criminal Justice System: An Examination Of Judicial Waiver, Sheri Lu Jenkins Cruz
Dissertations
This project was concerned with how extra legal factors impact juvenile court judge‟s decisions to waive juveniles to the adult criminal court. This study had both a general and a specific purpose. Generally, it sought to identify and examine the perceptions of juvenile court judges regarding judicial waiver based on previous positions held and on the state in which the juvenile judge resides. Specifically, this study sought to examine the relationship between individual characteristics of juvenile court judges and their perceptions regarding judicial waiver. Based on the research questions, ten hypotheses were developed and tested. The population for this study …
Feminist Advocacy In Community Based Responses To Domestic Violence: Gendered Identity, Ideology And Practices, Andrea J. Nichols
Feminist Advocacy In Community Based Responses To Domestic Violence: Gendered Identity, Ideology And Practices, Andrea J. Nichols
Dissertations
The anti-domestic violence movement began as a feminist grassroots effort. Early feminist advocates relied on survivor-defined and social change practices rooted in feminist identity and ideology. Advocacy has evolved over time, moving from grassroots efforts into professionalized organizations, and now includes collaboration with the justice system in community based responses to domestic violence (CBR). Through inductive analysis of interviews with 26 domestic violence victim advocates and drawing from a gendered organizations framework, I examine how advocates’ feminist identity and ideology shape their practices in CBR. Findings indicate that advocates both resist and reproduce various gendered practices within traditionally feminist anti-domestic …
Explaining The "Female Victim Effect" In Capital Sentencing Decisions: A Case For Sex-Specific Models Of Capital Sentencing Research, Tara N. Richards
Explaining The "Female Victim Effect" In Capital Sentencing Decisions: A Case For Sex-Specific Models Of Capital Sentencing Research, Tara N. Richards
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The potential influence of extralegal characteristics on the outcome of post-Furman capital cases (1972) has been a focus of criminal justice researchers and legal scholars. Much of this literature has assessed the impact of victim and defendant race on the likelihood of receiving the death penalty while a relatively underdeveloped body of research focuses on how victim sex may affect capital sentencing decisions. The present study uses focal concerns theory and the chivalry hypothesis to test the potential mediating effect of theoretical variables on the relationship between victim sex and juror capital sentence decision-making. In addition, it uses victim sex …
Investigating Factors Associated With Burglary Crime Analysis Using Logistic Regression Modeling, Daniel Antolos
Investigating Factors Associated With Burglary Crime Analysis Using Logistic Regression Modeling, Daniel Antolos
Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses
This study conducted a logistic regression to determine the relationship of factors associated with burglary to determine the variables necessary to predict criminal activity. Predictors utilized in the study; included time of day, day of week, connectors, barriers, and repeat victimization. These predictors were all incorporated to develop a model that would best predict burglary activity as it relates from a determine epicenter of activity. The predictors selected have all be shown, through research to be significant, characteristics of activity as they relate to burglary but have not been incorporated together to develop a significant model. The model compared the …
Examining The Circular Relationship Between The Heroin Trade In Afghanistan And Afghan Insurgency Funding, Edward J. Kljunich
Examining The Circular Relationship Between The Heroin Trade In Afghanistan And Afghan Insurgency Funding, Edward J. Kljunich
Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)
The heroin trade is a vital part of the Afghan economy. The heroin trade in Afghanistan has represented 40% to 50% of the country's entire gross domestic product for the past 30 years. The aim of this study was to examine the heroin trade as a circular circuit. Disrupt or break the circuit and the heroin trade comes to a halt. A disruption in the drug trade is also a disruption for the insurgency since the majority of the insurgency's funding is generated by the heroin trade. Historically, there have been times when neighboring borders were closed, poppy crops failed, …
Effectiveness Of Therapeutic Communities: A Comparison Of Prison-Based And Community-Based Therapeutic Communities, Nicole R. Roybal
Effectiveness Of Therapeutic Communities: A Comparison Of Prison-Based And Community-Based Therapeutic Communities, Nicole R. Roybal
Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)
This study was conducted to determine whether therapeutic communities can be used as a restorative justice policy to lower recidivism rates. Particularly, it investigated the effectiveness of two Colorado Residential Substance Abuse Treatment Therapeutic Communities (RSAT TC)as treatment to reduce recidivism for male inmates with substance abuse addiction. The first, the Crossroad to Freedom House Therapeutic Community at the Arrowhead Correction Center (ACC TC)is a prison-based program. The second, Peer 1 Therapeutic Community (Peer 1), is a community-based program. The object of this study was to examine these two Colorado therapeutic communities and whether or not they should be mandated …
Human Trafficking For The Purpose Of Sexual Exploitation Within The United States And Denver Colorado, Jennifer E. Templeton
Human Trafficking For The Purpose Of Sexual Exploitation Within The United States And Denver Colorado, Jennifer E. Templeton
Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)
The topic of human trafficking is not a new concept to the majority of individuals involved in any aspect of criminology. Human trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation, including prostitution, is dramatically increasing in the number of incidents opened for investigation since 2000; the increased public interest in the various elements of the sex industry only add to this problem. Human trafficking within the United States (U.S.) is not a new concept however; diminutive amounts of research as a whole have been conducted in and around the Denver, Colorado metropolitan area. This research project aimed to answer: whether experts …
Crimes Committed By Tattooed Female Offenders And The Significance Of Body Art Content And Location, Megan Sullivan
Crimes Committed By Tattooed Female Offenders And The Significance Of Body Art Content And Location, Megan Sullivan
Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)
The body is a site of manipulation, mutilation, and decoration, evident through centuries of body marking and tattooing. There is a very compelling relationship between tattooed individuals and crime, and this descriptive study investigates the presence of tattoos amongst female offenders. Research analysis identified the relationship between tattoos and convicted female offenders, along with the significance of the content and location of the offenders' tattoos.
Risk Factors For Fraud In Elderly Americans, Antonia M. Jensen
Risk Factors For Fraud In Elderly Americans, Antonia M. Jensen
Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)
Americans over age 65 comprise approximately one eighth of our population, but about one third of scam victims. The risk of fraud in this population is of particular concern because it is increasing and the damage is greater; losses have been reported in billions of dollars, and elders typically cannot return to the work force to recoup their losses, which can amount to their life savings and even their independence. This project details the results of an unobtrusive research project consisting of a content analysis of more current literature to identify and examine risk factors of elder fraud.
School Resource Officer Programs: Implementation's Effect On Student Perceptions Of Safety, Stephen Clipper
School Resource Officer Programs: Implementation's Effect On Student Perceptions Of Safety, Stephen Clipper
Theses and Dissertations
School Resource Officer (SRO) Programs are a widely implemented community policing initiative in schools. The limited research on SRO Programs suggests that there are implementation differences between programs. This study explores the effect that implementation style has on program effectiveness as measured by student perceptions of safety as well as student reporting behaviors. This study found mixed results. Direct analyses revealed students who attend schools with community-oriented SRO programs feel slightly safer. Multi-level modeling was utilized to determine the effects that individual and school level variables have on perceptions of safety and on the ability of SRO programs to affect …
Knowledge And Opinions Of Marijuana: A Farewell To Harms, Or A Learned Path Through The Gateway?, Charles E. Hogan
Knowledge And Opinions Of Marijuana: A Farewell To Harms, Or A Learned Path Through The Gateway?, Charles E. Hogan
Criminal Justice and Criminology Theses
The Shackleford Marijuana Perception Survey is a series survey conducted on criminal justice students at Georgia State University. The current survey design is targeted towards determining perceptions of marijuana related issues at GSU related to the theoretical concepts of Social Learning Theory and the Gateway process of substance use escalation. The currentfindings will include the responses of 163 students in three criminal justice related classes. The major focus of the analysis will be the comparison of the results of the “marijuana knowledge test” section to the likert scale opinion section and the overall positive or negative opinion score for each …
Chemical Processing Of Fingerprints On Thermal Paper, Megan Elizabeth Dutton
Chemical Processing Of Fingerprints On Thermal Paper, Megan Elizabeth Dutton
Master's Theses
This research seeks to determine how well muriatic acid and acetic acid fuming develop the thermal side of thermal paper using aged prints. Additionally, the research seeks to determine how well ninhydrin develops the paper side of thermal paper using aged prints after exposure to the fuming. Twenty-four random individuals placed a total of thirty sets of fingerprints per person on thermal paper over a 10-day period. Each set of fingerprints consisted of three fingerprints on the thermal side of paper and three fingerprints on the nonthermal side of paper. During the 30 to 40-day time period, however, more specifically …
A Statistical Examination Of Friction Ridge Skin Patterns In The Interdigital, Hypothenar, And Thenar Areas Of The Palms, Kristin Ann Pilgrim
A Statistical Examination Of Friction Ridge Skin Patterns In The Interdigital, Hypothenar, And Thenar Areas Of The Palms, Kristin Ann Pilgrim
Master's Theses
Friction ridge skin, which is only located on the fingers, palms, and soles of the feet, has been used in the identification of individuals before the beginning of the twentieth century. A majority of the information known about friction ridge skin has been accumulated through the extensive research of fingerprints. Studies have been conducted to statistically categorize general patterns located on the fingerprints in order to include or exclude an individual for identification purposes. Although fingerprints offer great insight into the importance of friction ridge skin in forensic science, palm print patterns and characteristics have been relatively ignored. Therefore, a …
A Penological Approach To The Social Construct Of Sexuality, Lauren Elizabeth Gibson
A Penological Approach To The Social Construct Of Sexuality, Lauren Elizabeth Gibson
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Prison sex research has generally followed an essentialist theoretical approach. Only Alarid (2000) examined jail sex using a social constructionist approach to understanding sexuality behind bars. Using data collected from 142 male inmates in a Southern maximumsecurity correctional facility, the purpose of the present study was to examine whether engaging in sexual behavior affects a change in the sexual orientation of male prison inmates, using a social constructionist theoretical approach. In addition, the influence of several sociodemographic and situational variables on the change in sexual orientation was examined. The only statistically significant variable associated with a change in sexual orientation …
Examining The Effect Of Childhood Animal Cruelty Motives On Recurrent Adult Violent Crimes Toward Humans, Joshua C. Overton
Examining The Effect Of Childhood Animal Cruelty Motives On Recurrent Adult Violent Crimes Toward Humans, Joshua C. Overton
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Few researchers have studied the predictive ability of childhood animal cruelty motives as they are associated with later recurrent violence toward humans. Based on a sample of 180 inmates at one medium- and one maximum-security prison in a Southern state, the present study examines the relationship among several retrospectively identified motives (fun, out of anger, hate for the animal, and imitation) for childhood animal cruelty and the later commission of violent crimes (murder, rape, assault, and robbery) against humans. Almost two-thirds of the inmates reported engaging in childhood animal cruelty for fun, whereas almost one-fourth reported being motivated either out …
Examining The Effect Of Changes In The Peer Group On Attitudes: A Longitudinal Study, Dena C. Carson
Examining The Effect Of Changes In The Peer Group On Attitudes: A Longitudinal Study, Dena C. Carson
Dissertations
Peer interactions are an important part of adolescence and have been the focus of much research in both psychology and criminology. The relationship between peer behavior and a youth’s own behavior has been demonstrated multiple times in prior research. Little is known, however, about how peer behavior may affect individual attitudes. This is surprising given that many prevention programs, particularly skills building programs, focus on changing and shaping individual attitudes to change/prevent behavior. This dissertation partially addressed this gap by focusing on the relationship between peer behavior and individual attitudes. This dissertation accomplishes three main goals through the use of …
The Economy-Crime Relationship Revisited: The Significance Of Recent Macroeconomic Conditions And Social Policy Changes For Child Poverty And Youth Violence Trends, White Nicole
Dissertations
The relationship between economic deprivation and violent crime has been one of the most widely studied in the field of criminology, yet little is known about the impact of recent macroeconomic conditions and welfare reform policies on the poverty-youth violence relationship. Therefore, the current study utilizes data from the 1993-2004 National Crime Victimization Survey to assess the association between poverty and youth violent victimization trends variously disaggregated by race, ethnicity, and family structure, and the impact of welfare reform and macroeconomic conditions on this relationship. In addition, the potential impact of welfare reform on the individual-level relationship between poverty and …
Differences In Community Policing Definitions Of County And City La W Enforcement Agencies In Colorado, Jenna J. Slabaugh
Differences In Community Policing Definitions Of County And City La W Enforcement Agencies In Colorado, Jenna J. Slabaugh
Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)
While community policing has been around for decades and is widely adopted in law enforcement agencies throughout the US, there is no one accepted definition of this philosophy. This has led to departments around the country defining community policing differently. This comparative study utilized content analysis to compare the community policing definitions in county and city agencies located in Colorado. Further, a comparative analysis determined whether the type of agency influences how a department defines community policing. Survey research was be used to collect data for this study and a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods were employed.
Animal Assisted Therapy: The Perception Of Animal Assisted Therapy Clinicians Regarding Active Participation In Treatment Therapies Of Juveniles In Detention Center Settings, Julia M. Lowe
Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)
Juvenile delinquent facilities have witnessed an increase in youthful offenders experiencing mental health disorders. Mental health clinicians have been required to implement new forms of mental health treatments to address the rise in this special population of juveniles. Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT) has become a popular form of treatment in detention facilities. Qualitative data collection was administered using a focus group of three participants to examine clinicians' perceptions of juvenile participation during AAT. Clinicians perceived increased participation of juveniles participation in AAT. Clinicians also witnessed changes in juvenile behaviors within the detention facility, indicating juveniles participating in AAT were more …
Media Perception Of Excessive Police Force Based On Unemployment Rate: An Analysis Of Colorado Springs, Denver, And Pueblo, Jennifer Meckstroth
Media Perception Of Excessive Police Force Based On Unemployment Rate: An Analysis Of Colorado Springs, Denver, And Pueblo, Jennifer Meckstroth
Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)
Excessive police force is reported in newspaper articles throughout the country on a regular basis. The purpose of this project was to determine whether the unemployment rate of a city had an effect on how the media perceives excessive police force in local newspapers. A content analysis of articles combined from Colorado Springs, Denver, and Pueblo examined the current perception of police in the media and how the unemployment rate effects how the media portrays excessive police force. The results of this study analyzed how the newspaper are analyzed the results determine whether a city with high a unemployment rate …
The Demographics Of Healthcare Fraud In South Florida, Jennifer K. Pond
The Demographics Of Healthcare Fraud In South Florida, Jennifer K. Pond
Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)
Health care fraud is a large problem in this country. Experts in the field estimate that 3-10% of all health care expenditures in the United States are fraudulent (National Health Care Anti-Fraud Association, n.d., Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2009). "Financial losses due to health care fraud are estimated to range from $70 billion to a staggering $234 billion a year" (The National Health Care Anti-Fraud Association, 2010). With this problem identified, it is important to identify and isolate possible influences and factors which perpetuate this type of fraud. Using South Florida as the subject area and health care fraud as …
Medical Marijuana Centers And Urban Resident's Perception Of Crime In Their Neighborhood, Maura L. Scherrer
Medical Marijuana Centers And Urban Resident's Perception Of Crime In Their Neighborhood, Maura L. Scherrer
Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)
Due to the ambiguity of constitutional amendments, multiple state legislations, and municipal ordinances, medical marijuana has become quite a contentious subject. Despite the fact that many Americans approve the use of medical marijuana, they are opposed to medical marijuana centers opening in their own neighborhoods. People are concerned about the "element" that these centers bring into their neighborhoods as a result of increased pedestrian and vehicle traffic, loitering, open display of drug usage, and the fear of organized crime; comparable to the theory of broken windows, where crime is invited into a community when the wrong element is allowed to …
An Analysis Of The Handwriting Of Elderly Chinese Subjects., Dongfang Liu
An Analysis Of The Handwriting Of Elderly Chinese Subjects., Dongfang Liu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Nowadays, one of the issues of concern that brought on by the aging population is legal disputes that have been increasing in number every year. One core problem in these legal disputes involves handwriting identification. There are however not many previous studies in China that have been concentrated on this field. Hence, the study on elderly Chinese subjects' handwriting has an extremely broad potential value for its application for academic usage and practical meaning. This study uses an empirical technique, gathering first hand data and analysing them by employing proper methods. There are 7 handwriting features and characteristics that have …
Do Youths Lacking Proper Adult Role Models, Guidance, And Supervision, Respond To The Stresses Of Their Transition From Adolescents To Adulthood, With Gang Membership?, Uraina Owens
Criminal Justice
No abstract provided.
Incomplete Sentences: Predictors Of Failure To Complete Court-Mandated Domestic Violence Counseling, Meredith Dedopoulos
Incomplete Sentences: Predictors Of Failure To Complete Court-Mandated Domestic Violence Counseling, Meredith Dedopoulos
Criminal Justice
No abstract provided.
Child Advocacy Centers And Child Sexual Abuse In Nevada, Chrystal Ruggieri
Child Advocacy Centers And Child Sexual Abuse In Nevada, Chrystal Ruggieri
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Child sexual abuse has gained significant attention from the medical, legal and social research communities over the last couple decades. Developed in the 1980s, Child Advocacy Centers (CACs) have been noted as one of the leading developments in combating child sexual abuse. Child Advocacy Centers bring together multi-disciplinary teams in a child friendly environment to improve resources for abused children and their families as well as aid in prosecution. The majority of states across the country have adopted aggressive legislation and funding initiatives to aid in protecting this vulnerable population. This study analyses Nevada's position on childhood sexual abuse and …
Reintegrative Shaming And Juvenile Delinquency In Japan, Mari Sakiyama
Reintegrative Shaming And Juvenile Delinquency In Japan, Mari Sakiyama
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
The Japanese juvenile justice system has been widely regarded as operating based on the principles of reintegrative shaming. Reintegrative shaming, as opposed to a stigmatizing form of shaming, communicates disapproval of wrongdoing with respect, and emphasizes rehabilitation, reintegration, and restoration. Central to reintegrative shaming at the initial contact point of the criminal justice system in Japan are apology and diversion by the local police. Citing juvenile delinquency cases reported in a major national newspaper in Japan, this study analyzes to what extent the community reacted to the delinquency upon its commission. This analysis helps clarify the juvenile justice process in …