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Alcoa #1 (41an87): A Frankston Phase Settlement Along Mound Prairie Creek, Anderson County, Texas, Clyde Amick, Ed Furman, Timothy K. Perttula, James E. Bruseth, Bonnie C. Yates

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The ALCOA #1 (41AN87) site is a Frankston Phase (ca. A.D. 1400-1650) site located on a high alluvial terrace of Mound Prairie Creek, about seven kilometers northeast of Palestine, Texas. Mound Prairie Creek, a perennial stream, flows southeast to east across the county and drains into the Neches River. The site is approximately 10 meters above the Mound Prairie Creek floodplain, and the creek channel is 300 meters to the south.

Although the investigations at the site have been rather limited to date, it appears that the ALCOA #1 site is a single component Frankston Phase homestead, or possibly a …

The Cheatwood Place (41rr181), A Midden Mound Along Little Mustang Creek, Red River County, Texas, Steve Gaither, Timothy K. Perttula, Gary Cheatwood

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Cheatwood Place is a multi-component midden mound located on an upland projection at the confluence of Christopher Branch and Little Mustang Creek, about 1.5 kilometers north of the Sulphur River. The site has thick midden deposits with excellent fauna! and shell preservation, and promises to contribute important information on several periods of Sulphur River prehistory. The archaeological record in this part of the Sulphur River basin is not well known at present.

Investigations at the Cheatwood Place site have been limited to surface collections, and the excavation by Cheatwood of a single 1 x 1 meter test unit in …

A Perspective On Arkansas Basin And Ozark Highland Prehistory, J. Daniel Rogers

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

It is, from time to time, valuable to reassess and perhaps shed new light on long-held perspectives. In "The 'Northern Caddoan Area' was not Caddoan," Frank Schambach provides a provocative reinterpretation of the archaeology of the Arkansas Basin and Ozark Highland regions of Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Missouri. While certain comments in this paper have merit and deserve deeper consideration, the central theme and supporting arguments are severely flawed, both from conceptual and data points of view.

Schambach's central argument is that there were no Caddoans in the Arkansas Basin and Ozark Highlands north of Spiro. To make this point he …

Notes From The Northwest Louisiana Regional Archaeology Program, Jeff Girard

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

During the spring of 1990 a project was started by the Northwest Louisiana Regional Archaeology Program to re-locate and update information on sites in northwestern Louisiana initially investigated by Dr. Clarence Webb of Shreveport. A summary of information from several sites likely to be of interest to Caddo archaeologists is presented here.

The Regional Archaeology Program i.a jointly sponsored by Northwestern State University and the Louisiana Division of Archaeology. The primary purpose of the program is to record and update information about archaeological sites in the region located on private and state lands. The program also will compile and manage …

Was The Cypress Cluster One Of The (Many) Victims Of The 1539 - 1543 De Soto Expedition?, J. Peter Thurmond

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In my master's thesis on the archeology of the Cypress creek basin (Thurmond 1981) and a subsequent article in the Bulletin of the Texas Archeological Society, I proposed the identification of a third late prehistoric-protohistoric confederacy for the Caddoan area of northeast Texas, in addition to those of the Hasinai and Kadohadacho. I named the archeological manifestation of this hypothesized sociopolitical entity the Cypress cluster, following a model of late Caddoan sociopolitical organization formulated by Dee Ann Story. The Cypress cluster is centered geographically on the upper Cypress Creek, White Oak Bayou and Lake Fork Creek basins. Two sequential temporal …

The Archaeological Conservancy: Ten Years Of Preservation Success And The New Landowner's Preservation Partnership Program, Bonnie C. Mckee

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Archaeological Conservancy, the only national nonprofit organization dedicated solely to the acquisition of cultural resource sites for preservation and future re search, celebrated ten years of operation in January 1990. Since its founding, the Conservancy has acquired 57 sites in eleven states. In the Caddoan Cultural Area, the Conservancy currently owns four sites (Grobin Davis in Oklahoma [34MC253], and Hale [41TT12], Fasken (41RR14], and Hudnall-Pirtle [41 RK4] in Texas} and holds a conservation easement for Cabe Mounds (41BW14), near Texarkana, Texas.

While the Conservancy's major focus for permanent preservation is the acquisition of sites to hold as archeological preserves, …

An Assessment Of The Fourche Maline Culture And Its Place In The Prehistory Of Northeast Texas, Frank Winchell

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This paper is based on the works of many authors who have investigated and written upon archaeological materials involving pre-Caddo cultures that existed in the Caddo Area, west of the Mississippi River. I will be concentrating on one particular archaeological manifestation known as the Fourche Maline Culture, which existed perhaps as early as 500 B.C. and ended sometime during the 2nd millenium A.D.

The origins of the Fourche Maline Culture are still not well understood, however, it can be stated with some assurance that it was an in-place development occurring somewhere within the Caddo Area. How far widespread was this …

The "Northern Caddoan Area" Was Not Caddoan, Frank F. Schambach

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In this paper I will challenge one of the major unexamined assumptions in the archeology of Eastern North America, the assumption that the Arkansas River Valley and Ozark Highland regions of eastern Oklahoma and western Arkansas, the so-called northern Caddoan Area, was the home of Caddo people who were closely related culturally and linguistically to the Caddo people of southwest Arkansas, northwest Louisiana, east Texas, and southeast Oklahoma. I will propose, instead, that the archeology of this locality is much more complex and interesting than the conventional wisdom would have it. What is involved here, I suggest, is not one …

Comments On Caddo Settlement Pattern And Culture Identity, Fank Winchell

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This discussion will be based primarily upon Schambach's work and observations on Caddo habitation settlements in the Great Bend area of Southwestern Arkansas. Schambach believes that the basic Caddo settlement pattern is that of a dispersed hamlet configuration clustered around a specific civic-ceremonial center. This settlement configuration is based upon archaeological work in the Great Bend area which conforms to a stylized but highly accurate map drawn from an inhabited historic Caddo village compound presumably near the Hatchel Mound site (41BW3) on the west bank of the Red River in Texas.

Recent Archeological Investigations At The Jewett Mine, East-Central Texas, Ross C. Fields

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Jewett Mine is a ca. 21, 000-acre lignite mine in the post oak savannah of Freestone, Leon, and Limestone counties, Texas. The project area straddles the divide between the Navasota River valley on the west and the Trinity River valley on the east and lies at the western margin of the Caddoan area . Although residential use of the area by the Caddo has not been documented, many sites have yielded small quantities of Caddoan pottery, and it is likely that cultures indigenous to the region were affected by the development of Caddoan culture not far to the east. …