Macroeconomics Commons^™

In this paper, we explore the role of trade openness, overseas development aid (ODA), remittance inflows and financial development vis-à-vis income in Pakistan for the periods 1980-2010 using the bounds procedure within the augmented Solow-model approach. In the long-run, trade openness, ODA, and remittances have a significant positive effect on the income level, while financial development is not statistically significant. In the short run, ODA has contributed positively towards income growth while remittances, trade openness and financial development have lagged negative effects, thus underscoring somewhat different behaviour of aid and remittance inflows. Accordingly, for development policy discourse, we emphasise the …

The study explores, using bounds test, the short-run and long-run effects of remittances, exports and financial development on per worker income using the annual data for the period 1980-2009 in Pakistan. The results show exports are significant both in the short-run and long-run while remittances is positively significant only in the long-run but has a lagged negative effect similar to financial development in the short-run. Contrary to some recent findings, the results show financial development does not have any significant long-run effect on per worker income. Therefore, the need to develop exports and remittances markets for long-term sustainability of the …