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Agricultural and Resource Economics
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Articles 1 - 13 of 13
Full-Text Articles in Macroeconomics
A Note On The Valuation Of Collective Goods: Overlooked Input Market Free Riding For Non-Individually Incrementable Goods, Philip E. Graves
A Note On The Valuation Of Collective Goods: Overlooked Input Market Free Riding For Non-Individually Incrementable Goods, Philip E. Graves
PHILIP E GRAVES
For at least fifty years economists have argued that vertically-aggregated marginal willingness to pay, when set equal to marginal provision cost, will result in optimal public good provision levels. This methodological approach would be expected to yield an exact analog, in terms of optimal levels of public good provision, to efficient provision of private goods in a perfect market setting. There is, however, a potentially serious flaw in the approach as actually practiced, since initial incomes are implicitly–and wrongly–taken to be optimal. From a given income, the output demand revelation problem has long been recognized–that there will be difficulty inferring …
Voodoo Multipliers Revisited: Public Policy For Recessions And Boomtimes, Philip E. Graves
Voodoo Multipliers Revisited: Public Policy For Recessions And Boomtimes, Philip E. Graves
PHILIP E GRAVES
There is no abstract for this brief column.
Economic Growth And Business Cycles: The Labor Supply Decision With Two Types Of Technological Progress, Philip E. Graves
Economic Growth And Business Cycles: The Labor Supply Decision With Two Types Of Technological Progress, Philip E. Graves
PHILIP E GRAVES
An informal model is described that leads to multiple macroeconomic equilibria as a consequence of random variation in the relative amounts of technological change for new and existing goods. The novel observation is that the rate of introduction and market penetration of new goods vis-a-vis technological advance for existing goods importantly affects the labor supply decision. A relatively rapid influx of new goods will generally increase labor supply, while relatively more technological advance for existing goods will reduce labor supply to the market. These impacts are seen to provide insights into Rostow's stages of growth. Short run variations in the …
An Implementable Institutional Reform That Transfers Control Of Government Spending Levels From Politicians To Voters, Philip E. Graves
An Implementable Institutional Reform That Transfers Control Of Government Spending Levels From Politicians To Voters, Philip E. Graves
PHILIP E GRAVES
Elected representatives have little incentive to pursue the interests of those electing them once they are elected. This well-known principle-agent problem leads, in a variety of theories of government, to non-optimally large levels of government expenditure. An implication is that budgetary rules are seen as necessary to constrain politicians' tax and spending behavior. Popular among such constraints are various Balanced Budget Amendment proposals. These approaches, however, are shown here to have serious limitations, including failure to address the central concern of spending level. An alternative approach is advanced here that relies on a Coase-like mechanism that transfers control of government …
I Don't Know, Philip E. Graves
I Don't Know, Philip E. Graves
PHILIP E GRAVES
This is a non-fiction novel, titled I Don't Know. I is in three parts, the first economic (which will seem "liberal" to most), the second political (which will seem "conservative" to most), and the third theological (which will seem weird to most). I think you will find it a fun read, and feel free to distribute it at will.
Amenities And The Labor Earnings Function, Philip E. Graves, Robert L. Sexton
Amenities And The Labor Earnings Function, Philip E. Graves, Robert L. Sexton
PHILIP E GRAVES
Desirable locations are, other things equal, expected to be characterized by a mix of higher rents or lower wages. That is, if one area is more attractive than others, inmigration would occur, driving up the demand for land (hence raising rents) and increasing the supply of labor (hence lowering wages). The in-movement will continue until utility is the same across locations in equilibrium. Failing to hold constant amenities in the traditional earnings functions employed by labor economists will result, then, in omitted-variable bias if worker characteristics (years of schooling, union membership, and so on) are correlated with amenities. By way …
Amenities And Fringe Benefits: Omitted Variable Bias, Philip E. Graves, Robert L. Sexton, Michelle M. Arthur
Amenities And Fringe Benefits: Omitted Variable Bias, Philip E. Graves, Robert L. Sexton, Michelle M. Arthur
PHILIP E GRAVES
If labor is fairly mobile, as it is in the United States, one would expect that households would move from less desirable areas toward more desirable areas until all areas are equally desirable. The way that areas become equally desirable is through the impact of movers on wages and rents (and possibly "endogenous" disamenities, such as congestion or pollution). That is, as people move to desirable areas, they will increase the demand for land (raising rents) and increase the supply of labor (lowering wages); in equilibrium, the wage and rent "compensation" for the niceness of an area reveals, in dollar …
The Robustness Of Hedonic Price Estimation, Philip E. Graves, James C. Murdoch, Mark A. Thayer, Donald M. Waldman
The Robustness Of Hedonic Price Estimation, Philip E. Graves, James C. Murdoch, Mark A. Thayer, Donald M. Waldman
PHILIP E GRAVES
There is no abstract for this article; it begins with the Introduction.
Economics Departmental Rankings: Research Incentives, Constraints, And Efficiency, Philip E. Graves, James R. Marchand, Randall Thompson
Economics Departmental Rankings: Research Incentives, Constraints, And Efficiency, Philip E. Graves, James R. Marchand, Randall Thompson
PHILIP E GRAVES
There is no abstract for this article; it begins with the Introduction.
Morbidity And Pollution, Ronald J. Krumm, Philip E. Graves
Morbidity And Pollution, Ronald J. Krumm, Philip E. Graves
PHILIP E GRAVES
Time-series analysis of effects of pollutants on emergency hospital admissions indicates important synergistic interactions among pollutants and to a lesser degree nonlinearities in effects of single pollutants. Comparisons of alternative econometric specifications are made to determine the appropriateness of incorporating nonuniform pollution impacts. The data substantially support the existence of synergisms among pollutants with high levels of sulfur dioxide, SO, (particulates), increasing the impact of particulates (SO,) on emergency hospital admissions. Marginal effects of either pollutant are, however, small at current ambient air quality levels. These results indicate that damage estimates were likely to be understated during the 1960’s when …
Rural To Urban Migration: Population Distribution Patterns 19, Philip E. Graves
Rural To Urban Migration: Population Distribution Patterns 19, Philip E. Graves
PHILIP E GRAVES
The abstract would be exactly the same as the introduction to the paper, and need not be repeated here.
The Velocity Of Money: Evidence For The U.K. 1911-1966, Philip E. Graves
The Velocity Of Money: Evidence For The U.K. 1911-1966, Philip E. Graves
PHILIP E GRAVES
This paper presents secular evidence on the income velocity of money, exploring the issue of the superiority of money balances. Under a variety of specifications and statistical techniques, employed on both traditional and non-traditional variables, the Friedman assertion that money is a superior good is found to lack empirical support. Indeed, income elasticities of demand for M2 balances of .3 to .45 are observed, elasticities much smaller than previously thought.
New Evidence On Income And The Velocity Of Money, Philip E. Graves
New Evidence On Income And The Velocity Of Money, Philip E. Graves
PHILIP E GRAVES
Time series and cross-country empirical results suggest that cash holding as a proportion of income rises, or equivalently that velocity falls, as income increases. Numerous cross-sectional findings at many points in time, in several countries, conclude oppositely. It is argued here that the former studies suffer from omitted variable bias by ignoring socio-demographic variables affecting the demand for cash balances. When one incorporates such demand shifters into the analysis the time series and cross-country findings are seen as consistent with the critically reexamined cross-sectional result that velocity increases with income.