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Articles 1 - 23 of 23
Full-Text Articles in Income Distribution
The Gettysburg Economic Review, Volume 11, Spring 2019
The Gettysburg Economic Review, Volume 11, Spring 2019
Gettysburg Economic Review
No abstract provided.
The Impact Of Aid On The Economic Growth Of Developing Countries (Ldcs) In Sub-Saharan Africa, Maurice W. Phiri
The Impact Of Aid On The Economic Growth Of Developing Countries (Ldcs) In Sub-Saharan Africa, Maurice W. Phiri
Gettysburg Economic Review
Least Developed Countries (LDCs) of Sub-Saharan African have been recipients of official development assistance for more than 5 decades; however they are still characterized by chronic problems of poverty, low living standards and weak economic growth. The hot question is: Is aid effective in promoting economic growth? Thus, this paper investigates the impact of aid on the economic growth of 12 least developed countries in Sub-Saharan Africa over a period of 20 years. I take a fixed effects instrumental variable approach and the results imply that aid has a statistically insignificant negative impact on economic growth. I therefore conclude that …
The Gettysburg Economic Review, Volume 10, Spring 2017
The Gettysburg Economic Review, Volume 10, Spring 2017
Gettysburg Economic Review
No abstract provided.
The Gettysburg Economic Review, Volume 9, Spring 2016
The Gettysburg Economic Review, Volume 9, Spring 2016
Gettysburg Economic Review
No abstract provided.
Impact Of A Higher Minimum Wage On Enrollment Of Snap, Victoria Perez-Zetune
Impact Of A Higher Minimum Wage On Enrollment Of Snap, Victoria Perez-Zetune
Gettysburg Economic Review
This paper investigates the effect that minimum wage policy has on enrollment in public assistance programs, specifically the Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program, SNAP. If raising the minimum wage decreases enrollment in SNAP, this could uncover a method to reduce spending without eliminating programs. Using a time-demeaned model to account for fixed effects, I take advantage of the variation in the minimum wage in the 50 states between 1998 and 2014. I estimated that on average an increase in minimum wage in a prior year results in a decrease in SNAP participation by 3.95%.
Economic Development And Female Labor Force Participation In The Middle East And North Africa: A Test Of The U-Shape Hypothesis, Kelsey A. Chapman
Economic Development And Female Labor Force Participation In The Middle East And North Africa: A Test Of The U-Shape Hypothesis, Kelsey A. Chapman
Gettysburg Economic Review
This paper investigates the relationship between economic development and female labor force participation in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Using a panel data set of 20 countries in the region for the period of 1990-2012, I develop an econometric model that tests the U-shape hypothesis. This study builds upon previous literature examining the U-shape hypothesis in time series studies for developing countries, and cross-country studies. The results of this paper suggest that there is a U-shaped relationship between economic growth and female labor force participation rates. The MENA region’s low female labor force participation rates can be explained …
The Gettysburg Economic Review, Volume 8, Spring 2015
The Gettysburg Economic Review, Volume 8, Spring 2015
Gettysburg Economic Review
No abstract provided.
Effects Of Husband’S Education On Wife’S Earnings: The Recent Evidence, Humenghe Zhao
Effects Of Husband’S Education On Wife’S Earnings: The Recent Evidence, Humenghe Zhao
Gettysburg Economic Review
This paper aims to examine the relationship between husband’s education and his wife’s earnings. The study builds upon previous literature revolving around the relationship between a woman’s human capital and her husband’s earnings. Using pooled cross-sectional data from the Current Population Survey (CPS), I adjust the OLS wage model to estimate whether a man’s human capital has positive effects on his wife’s earnings. Two major hypotheses concerning the correlation between spousal education and earnings are cross-productivity effect between couples and assortative mating. Using the original regression model, I also estimate a sub-sample designed to restrict the effects of positive assortative …
Do Living Wages Alter The Effect Of The Minimum Wage On Income Inequality?, Benjamin S. Litwin
Do Living Wages Alter The Effect Of The Minimum Wage On Income Inequality?, Benjamin S. Litwin
Gettysburg Economic Review
Anker (2006) proposed a new methodology for calculating the living wage in countries around the world. By looking at OECD nations between 2000-2010, we look to see if countries with a national minimum wage higher than this living wage value see a notable difference in the effect of the minimum wage on income inequality. Our results show that countries with the minimum wage higher than the living wage value do see lower inequality, although there is a key value of the minimum wage, at which countries start to see disemployment effects that increase inequality.
The Gettysburg Economic Review, Volume 7, Spring 2013
The Gettysburg Economic Review, Volume 7, Spring 2013
Gettysburg Economic Review
No abstract provided.
On The Orthodox Nature Of Heterodox Income Distribution Theory, Ross A. Nichols
On The Orthodox Nature Of Heterodox Income Distribution Theory, Ross A. Nichols
Gettysburg Economic Review
The goal of this paper is to show that orthodox and heterodox theories of personal income distribution developed in the mid-twentieth century are effectively identical, despite their claims to the contrary. While segmented labor market theory contends that neoclassical theories of personal income distribution, such as human capital theory, ignore the impact of social institutions on the labor market, human capital theory actually implicitly incorporates them. Social institutions are, therefore, just as important in the orthodox approach to personal income distribution. Yet, while this is the case, the heterodox perspective is valuable because of the stress it places on social …
Welfare Incentives And Interstate Migration: An Analysis Of The Migration Decisions Of Poor, Single Mothers, John P. Weis
Welfare Incentives And Interstate Migration: An Analysis Of The Migration Decisions Of Poor, Single Mothers, John P. Weis
Gettysburg Economic Review
The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of welfare incentives in the decision to move for poor, single mothers. Using micro-level data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) and other sources, I develop an econometric model that estimates the influence of state welfare benefits on the interstate migration decisions of poor, single mothers, whether that be moving from states with low benefits or to states with high benefits. This study builds upon previous literature concerning interstate migration by considering new methodological approaches and theoretical models. Ultimately, the evidence suggests that while the welfare benefits offered …
The Gettysburg Economic Review, Volume 6, Spring 2012
The Gettysburg Economic Review, Volume 6, Spring 2012
Gettysburg Economic Review
No abstract provided.
The Rise Of American Industrial And Financial Corporations, Elizabeth A. Laughlin
The Rise Of American Industrial And Financial Corporations, Elizabeth A. Laughlin
Gettysburg Economic Review
This paper identifies and analyzes the steps the United States took in its progression to an industrial nation. Launched by the merger movement in the late nineteenth century, vertical and horizontal integration lead to trusts and monopolies in a number of industries. Simultaneously, the labor market was undergoing a number of reforms with the deskilling of workers. The rise of big business was made possible through the growth of the financial sectors and companies such as J.P Morgan. The case study of The Standard Oil Co. highlights the wealth and power that robber barons such as J.D. Rockefeller held during …
The Gettysburg Economic Review, Volume 5, 2011
The Gettysburg Economic Review, Volume 5, 2011
Gettysburg Economic Review
No abstract provided.
The Trend Of The Gender Wage Gap Over The Business Cycle, Nicholas J. Finio
The Trend Of The Gender Wage Gap Over The Business Cycle, Nicholas J. Finio
Gettysburg Economic Review
Even after the close of the first decade of the 21st century, there is still significant gender bias in labor market composition and compensation. As the events of the last two years have proven, even drastic efforts of monetary and fiscal policy have not tamed the business cycle. Previous research has reached no definite conclusions on the effect of business cycle trends on the gender wage gap. Over the period from 1979:1 to 2009:3, it is found that increases in the growth rate of GDP yield decreases in women‘s earnings relative to men‘s, and it is also found that increases …
The Gettysburg Economic Review, Volume 4, Spring 2010
The Gettysburg Economic Review, Volume 4, Spring 2010
Gettysburg Economic Review
No abstract provided.
The Gettysburg Economic Review, Volume 3, Spring 2009
The Gettysburg Economic Review, Volume 3, Spring 2009
Gettysburg Economic Review
No abstract provided.
A Current Microeconometric Assessment Of The Racial Wage Gap In The United States, David H. Krisch
A Current Microeconometric Assessment Of The Racial Wage Gap In The United States, David H. Krisch
Gettysburg Economic Review
Minority groups in the United States promoted affirmative action legislation in the 1960s during the civil rights movement to help ease the inequalities suffered in their economic history. Many labor economists have sought since this time to study the effects of race, gender, and the effect of income – how it has changed and if the gap has closed. Existing literature uses many different econometric models to show how the effects of race, gender, age, occupation, educational attainment, and geographic location on an individual comparative basis. This paper will examine the effects of all of these variables jointly using an …
The Gettysburg Economic Review, Volume 2, Spring 2008
The Gettysburg Economic Review, Volume 2, Spring 2008
Gettysburg Economic Review
No abstract provided.
The Effects Of Intermarriage On The Earnings Of Female Immigrants In The United States, Milena V. Nikolova
The Effects Of Intermarriage On The Earnings Of Female Immigrants In The United States, Milena V. Nikolova
Gettysburg Economic Review
This paper investigates the effects of intermarriage on the earnings of female immigrants in the United States. The main empirical question asked is whether immigrant females married to US-born spouses have higher earnings than those of immigrant females married to other immigrants. Using 1970 and 1870 samples of IPUMS data, I estimate an earnings equation through OLS. I also correct for the labor force selection bias using the Heckman procedure. I finally take into account the endogeneity of intermarriage and apply a twostage least squares (2SLS) estimation procedure. I find that there is a positive marriage premium among immigrant females …
The Effects Of Maternal Welfare Receipt On Children’S Development, Nikolay O. Doskov
The Effects Of Maternal Welfare Receipt On Children’S Development, Nikolay O. Doskov
Gettysburg Economic Review
Over the past 25 years, welfare and other public policies for families living below the poverty line have developed a primary objective of promoting parents’ self-sufficiency. The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), passed in 1996, was a milestone in this effort, limiting the number of years that families can receive federal cash welfare assistance and requiring most of them to participate in work-related activities to be eligible for such assistance. This new emphasis on work was one of the main reasons for the dramatic decline in welfare dependency during the late 1990s. The new legislation, however, also …
The Gettysburg Economic Review, Volume 1, Spring 2006
The Gettysburg Economic Review, Volume 1, Spring 2006
Gettysburg Economic Review
No abstract provided.