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Articles 1 - 19 of 19
Full-Text Articles in Health Economics
Understanding The Legitimacy Of Both Dissension And Acceptance Of Accommodative Monetary Policy, Maximilian Bevan
Understanding The Legitimacy Of Both Dissension And Acceptance Of Accommodative Monetary Policy, Maximilian Bevan
Maximilian Bevan
No abstract provided.
How Does Your Kindergarten Classroom Affect Your Earnings? Evidence From Project Star, Raj Chetty, John Friedman, Nathaniel Hilger, Emmanuel Saez, Diane Schanzenbach, Danny Yagan
How Does Your Kindergarten Classroom Affect Your Earnings? Evidence From Project Star, Raj Chetty, John Friedman, Nathaniel Hilger, Emmanuel Saez, Diane Schanzenbach, Danny Yagan
Diane Whitmore Schanzenbach
In Project STAR, 11,571 students in Tennessee and their teachers were randomly assigned to classrooms within their schools from kindergarten to third grade. This article evaluates the long-term impacts of STAR by linking the experimental data to administrative records. We first demonstrate that kindergarten test scores are highly correlated with outcomes such as earnings at age 27, college attendance, home ownership, and retirement savings. We then document four sets of experimental impacts. First, students in small classes are significantly more likely to attend college and exhibit improvements on other outcomes. Class size does not have a significant effect on earnings …
Marginal Effects In Multivariate Probit And Kindred Discrete And Count Outcome Models, John Mullahy
Marginal Effects In Multivariate Probit And Kindred Discrete And Count Outcome Models, John Mullahy
John Mullahy
Estimation of marginal or partial effects of covariates x on various conditional parameters or functionals is often the main target of applied microeconometric analysis. In the specific context of probit models, estimation of partial effects involving outcome probabilities will often be of interest. Such estimation is straightforward in univariate models, and Greene, 1996, 1998, has extended these results to cover the case of quadrant probability marginal effects in bivariate probit models. The first purpose of this paper is to extend these results to encompass the general multivariate probit (MVP) context for arbitrary orthant probabilities. It is suggested that such partial …
Impacts Of Social Upbringing On Family Integration In Military Life In Sudan, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
Impacts Of Social Upbringing On Family Integration In Military Life In Sudan, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
In a country on the eve of losing one third of its land, 80% of potential natural resources and 75% of external exports value, economic future seems gloomy. Many opinions were given for economic solutions after the Southern Sudan secession. However, that does not support a theoretical framework that those are the only reasons for the expected economic collapse. Our theory here is that such collapse already happened because of economic mismanagement, corruption and hoarding initiated by the calls for empowerment and carried out by the regime's members. Such acts extended to the banks, economic institutions and randomized privatization. The …
Is Being In School Better? The Impact Of School On Children's Bmi When Starting Age Is Endogenous, Patricia Anderson, Kristin Butcher, Elizabeth Cascio, Diane Schanzenbach
Is Being In School Better? The Impact Of School On Children's Bmi When Starting Age Is Endogenous, Patricia Anderson, Kristin Butcher, Elizabeth Cascio, Diane Schanzenbach
Diane Whitmore Schanzenbach
In this paper, we investigate the impact of attending school on body weight and obesity using a regression-discontinuity design. As is the case with academic outcomes, school exposure is related to unobserved determinants of weight outcomes because some families choose to have their child start school late (or early). If one does not account for this endogeneity, it appears that an additional year of school exposure results in a greater BMI and a higher probability of being overweight or obese. When we compare the weight outcomes of similar age children with one versus two years of school exposure due to …
Impacts Of Formal Financing On The Development Of The Sudanese Agricultural Sector, Issam A.W. Mohamed Professor
Impacts Of Formal Financing On The Development Of The Sudanese Agricultural Sector, Issam A.W. Mohamed Professor
Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
The agricultural sector of Sudan is faced by many problems. In the irrigated schemes, the government who officially owns most of them there are entrenched managerial problems that brewed for more than six decades. Moreover, the privatization policies of those schemes provoked many outcries and protests. Large schemes like Gezira have collapsed, this year 2011, only 10% of its over one million hectares were cultivated. The rainfed farming is not different with lack of machineries, shortages of available labor and high priced agricultural inputs, it is not expected to fare better than the irrigated schemes. However, even if those problems …
Impacts Of Sudan Macroeconomic Policy On Agriculture, Issam A.W. Mohamed Professor
Impacts Of Sudan Macroeconomic Policy On Agriculture, Issam A.W. Mohamed Professor
Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
The crisis of Southern Sudan and eminent secession in 9 July 2011 is a nightmare to the Sudanese national economy. The dependence on oil revenue that controlled the country for the past 11 years and negligence of the other real economy's economic sectors, agriculture and industry severely threatens the country. That is not only with diminished returns but with also with economic nightmarish economic catastrophe, famine and internal implosion. Short-sightedness on utilizing the oil money that bubbled the economy atrophied the real economic sectors and disabled it from responding to secession consequences of parting with 75% of revenues from oil …
Grossman's Missing Health Threshold, Titus Galama, Arie Kapteyn
Grossman's Missing Health Threshold, Titus Galama, Arie Kapteyn
Titus Galama
We present a generalized solution to Grossman’s model of health capital (1972), relaxing the widely used assumption that individuals can adjust their health stock instantaneously to an “optimal” level without adjustment costs. The Grossman model then predicts the existence of a health threshold above which individuals do not demand medical care. Our generalized solution addresses a significant criticism: the model’s prediction that health and medical care are positively related is consistently rejected by the data. We suggest structural- and reduced-form equations to test our generalized solution and contrast the predictions of the model with the empirical literature.
A Theory Of Socioeconomic Disparities In Health, Titus Galama
A Theory Of Socioeconomic Disparities In Health, Titus Galama
Titus Galama
Detailed understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the substantial socioeconomic disparities in health is necessary to design policies effective in reducing those disparities. This requires a unifying theory of socioeconomic status and health, which is currently absent. This thesis in economics aims to develop, in several steps, a theoretical framework of disparities in health by socioeconomic status over the life cycle, using economic principles and founded in health capital theory. The first part of this thesis addresses several serious technical issues with life-cycle models of health, medical care, and socioeconomic status. The second part presents the theoretical framework.
Effects Of Social Edification And Family Integration In Military Life In Sudan, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
Effects Of Social Edification And Family Integration In Military Life In Sudan, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
The Sudanese army human components are unique in its composition. That is reflected in the country's political and social life. The independence of 1956 means fifty five of turmoil and turbulences. Democratically elected governments controlled the country for only ten years while the military institution's coup de etats took the rest. This paper studies the impacts of social upbringing on the families, military or civilians in order too shed lights on why all military, seemingly are possessed by the illusion of grasping power. The military seems built into the Sudanese society in superior form, i.e., above the law. Thus if …
Inside The War On Poverty: The Impact Of Food Stamps On Birth Outcomes, Douglas Almond, Hilary Hoynes, Diane Schanzenbach
Inside The War On Poverty: The Impact Of Food Stamps On Birth Outcomes, Douglas Almond, Hilary Hoynes, Diane Schanzenbach
Diane Whitmore Schanzenbach
This paper evaluates the health impacts of a signature initiative of the War on Poverty: the introduction of the modern Food Stamp Program (FSP). Using variation in the month FSP began operating in each U.S. county, we find that pregnancies exposed to FSP three months prior to birth yielded deliveries with increased birth weight, with the largest gains at the lowest birth weights. We also find small but statistically insignificant improvements in neonatal mortality. We conclude that the sizable increase in income from FSP improved birth outcomes for both whites and African Americans, with larger impacts for African American mothers.
Who Would Be Affected By Soda Taxes?, Diane Schanzenbach, Leslie Mcgranahan
Who Would Be Affected By Soda Taxes?, Diane Schanzenbach, Leslie Mcgranahan
Diane Whitmore Schanzenbach
In 2009–10, 17 states considered expanding taxation on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) as a potential source of funds and a means to curb obesity. This article examines the various types of soda tax proposals, the underlying economic theory, and the anticipated impact of the proposed taxes on different population groups.
Challenges Of Formal Social Security Systems In Sudan, Issam A.W. Mohamed Professor
Challenges Of Formal Social Security Systems In Sudan, Issam A.W. Mohamed Professor
Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
The present paper discusses issues of challenges of social security systems in Sudan. Following parameters advanced by ILO and UNCOSOC, those systems are analyzed. The conclusions focus on their applicability that faces axial difficulties mainly presented in the state of institutional interregnum facing the country. Moreover, it is important to revisit aspects of social cohesion that serves greater role in traditional social security in the Sudan.
Analysis Of The Impact Of Cash Out-Flow From The Banking Sector On The Sudanese Economy, Issam A.W. Mohamed Professor
Analysis Of The Impact Of Cash Out-Flow From The Banking Sector On The Sudanese Economy, Issam A.W. Mohamed Professor
Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
Sudan as an example of LDCs the banking sector has been suffering from the problem of cash outflow over the last three decades, generating the following impacts: Loss of banking sector of its role of financial inter-mediation, cash scarcity in the banking sector, large government borrowings from unreal source of finance, thus, more inflation. The research attempts to specify the main determinants of cash outflow from the banking sector in Sudan (during the period 1972-2001). Hence, those revealing the major impacts of the cash outflow on the economic activity and rates of inflation. The research hypotheses were: (1) the Banks …
Effects Of Multicollinearity On The Estimation Of Macroeconomic Variables: Using Data From Sudan, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
Effects Of Multicollinearity On The Estimation Of Macroeconomic Variables: Using Data From Sudan, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
The problem of multicollinearity in the assessments of coefficients is well established. However, it is rarely researched in the estimations of macroeconomic variables and economic performance of developing countries. Predicatively, it has impacts on the estimations of coefficients that should be used in economic decisions, strategic planning and if researchers are more industrious estimations of monetary supplies and demands. All such parameters are very basic and essential in economic plannings and their applications should be done not only in research but in ground applications of the specialized authorities, e.g., Ministries of Finance, Central Banks, Pricing Units, etc. However, that is …
Adequate (Or Adipose?) Yearly Progress: Assessing The Effect Of "No Child Left Behind" On Children's Obesity, Patricia Anderson, Kristin Butcher, Diane Schanzenbach
Adequate (Or Adipose?) Yearly Progress: Assessing The Effect Of "No Child Left Behind" On Children's Obesity, Patricia Anderson, Kristin Butcher, Diane Schanzenbach
Diane Whitmore Schanzenbach
This paper investigates how accountability pressures under No Child Left Behind (NCLB) may affect children’s rate of overweight. Schools facing increased pressures to produce academic outcomes may reallocate their efforts in ways that have unintended consequences for children’s health. For example, schools may cut back on recess and physical education in favor of increasing time on tested subjects. To examine the impact of school accountability programs, we create a unique panel data set of schools in Arkansas that allows us to test the impact of NCLB rules on students’ weight outcomes. Our main approach is to consider schools to be …
Inequalities In Mortality In The Us And Denmark: More Alike Than Different. A Commentary On Hoffman., Titus Galama, Mauricio Avendano
Inequalities In Mortality In The Us And Denmark: More Alike Than Different. A Commentary On Hoffman., Titus Galama, Mauricio Avendano
Titus Galama
No abstract provided.
Experimental Evidence On The Effect Of Childhood Investments On Postsecondary Attainment And Degree Completion, Susan Dynarski, Joshua Hyman, Diane Schanzenbach
Experimental Evidence On The Effect Of Childhood Investments On Postsecondary Attainment And Degree Completion, Susan Dynarski, Joshua Hyman, Diane Schanzenbach
Diane Whitmore Schanzenbach
This paper examines the effect of early childhood investments on college enrollment and degree completion. We use the random assignment in the Project STAR experiment to estimate the effect of smaller classes in primary school on college entry, college choice, and degree completion. We improve on existing work in this area with unusually detailed data on college enrollment spells and the previously unexplored outcome of college degree completion. We find that assignment to a small class increases the probability of attending college by 2.7 percentage points, with effects more than twice as large among blacks. Among those with the lowest …
Humanitarian Aid, Internal Displacement And Social Impacts In Sudan, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
Humanitarian Aid, Internal Displacement And Social Impacts In Sudan, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
The study presented here reviews activities of NGOs in Sudan by surveying and studying the activities of Save the Children of United Kingdom. Activities of NGOs in Sudan were always a controversial issue that resulted in the expulsion of many in 2009. There were also precedents of such expulsions in previous and following years. The paper discusses humanitarian work in Sudan, positive and negative sides. The case study's activities of the Save the Children efforts in Jebel Aulia Internally Displaced People, specially their efforts in education were investigated. It is concluded that introduce invaluable help in educational field, building classes …