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Articles 61 - 90 of 96
Full-Text Articles in Economics
Job Reallocation And Productivity Growth Under Alternative Economic Systems And Policies: Evidence From The Soviet Transition, J. David Brown, John S. Earle
Job Reallocation And Productivity Growth Under Alternative Economic Systems And Policies: Evidence From The Soviet Transition, J. David Brown, John S. Earle
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
How do economic policies and institutions affect job reallocation processes and their consequences for productivity growth? This paper studies the extreme case of economic system change and alternative transitional policies in the former Soviet Republics of Russia and Ukraine. Exploiting annual industrial census data from 1985 to 2000, we find that Soviet Russia displayed job flow behavior quite different from market economies, with very low rates of job reallocation that bore little relationship to relative productivity across firms and sectors. Since liberalization began, the pace, heterogeneity, and productivity effects of job flows have increased substantially. The increases occurred more quickly …
Evaluating Labor Market Performance: Employment Reallocation And Productivity Growth In Russia, John S. Earle
Evaluating Labor Market Performance: Employment Reallocation And Productivity Growth In Russia, John S. Earle
Employment Research Newsletter
No abstract provided.
How Late To Pay? Understanding Wage Arrears In Russia, John S. Earle, Klara Sabirianova Peter
How Late To Pay? Understanding Wage Arrears In Russia, John S. Earle, Klara Sabirianova Peter
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
We organize an empirical analysis of Russian wage arrears around hypotheses concerning factors that create incentives for firms to pay late and for workers to tolerate late payment, both reinforced by a prevalent environment of overdue wages. Our analysis draws upon nationally representative household panel data matched with employer data to show substantial interfirm variation with the probability of arrears positively related to firm age, size, state ownership, and declining performance. Estimation of a constrained multinomial logit model also reveals intrafirm, variation related to job tenure and small shareholdings in the firm. Workers tend to have higher arrears in rural …
Has Training Helped Employ Xiagang In China? A Tale From Two Cities, Benu Bidani, Chor-Ching Goh, Christopher J. O'Leary
Has Training Helped Employ Xiagang In China? A Tale From Two Cities, Benu Bidani, Chor-Ching Goh, Christopher J. O'Leary
Reports
This study evaluates the effectiveness of training programs for workers retrenched from Chinese state-owned enterprises in the cities of Shenyang and Wuhan. A variety of impact estimators were applied, however ordinary least squares (OLS) controlling for observable characteristic s was robust. We find that training dampens reemployment prospects in Shenyang but improves them in Wuhan. Training impact estimates computed by propensity score and log odds ratio matching imposing various support condition rules, yielded estimates very similar to those from the OLS. The estimates suggest that participation in training reduces the probability of being employed one year after participation by about …
Imports, Exports, And Jobs: What Does Trade Mean For Employment And Job Loss?, Lori G. Kletzer
Imports, Exports, And Jobs: What Does Trade Mean For Employment And Job Loss?, Lori G. Kletzer
Upjohn Press
Kletzer adds to our understanding of the magnitude of the costs and benefits of free trade. She presents a focused examination of the relationship between changes in international trade, employment, and job displacement for a sample of U.S. manufacturing industries. The link between international trade and domestic jobs is also explored through studies of both net and gross employment job change.
Employee Ownership After Privatization: Governance Institutions And Firm Performance In Romania, John S. Earle, ÁLmos Telegdy
Employee Ownership After Privatization: Governance Institutions And Firm Performance In Romania, John S. Earle, ÁLmos Telegdy
Reports
This paper studies the governance institutions and performance consequences of privatization through management-employee buyout (MEBO) in Romania. Detailed firm-level survey data are used to analyze ownership rights practices concerning voting, dividend payment, and sales of shares, and to study the continued role of the state through restructuring restrictions in the privatization contracts, difficulties in installment payment, and possible renationalization of shares. Comprehensive privatization and registry data are used to estimate the productivity performance of industrial MEBOs, compared with mass transfers to dispersed individuals, sales to domestic and foreign blockholders, and continued ownership by the state. We find that the ownership …
Labor, Business, And Change In Germany And The United States, Kirsten S. Wever Editor
Labor, Business, And Change In Germany And The United States, Kirsten S. Wever Editor
Upjohn Press
The chapters explore the proposition that the benefits of either the German coordinating institutions or the United States' more decentralized political economy each entail trade-offs that may be necessary but politically unpleasant. The authors also offer comparisons of sectoral and firm-level adjustment processes for change.
Promoting Self Employment Among The Unemployed In Hungary And Poland, Christopher J. O'Leary
Promoting Self Employment Among The Unemployed In Hungary And Poland, Christopher J. O'Leary
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
To evaluate the effectiveness of self-employment assistance to the unemployed in Hungary and Poland more than 5,500 follow-up interviews were conducted in early 1997 by employees of local labor offices with persons in self-employment participant and comparison group samples. Wide ranging differences were observed between the demographic composition of self-employment samples and the general population of unemployed. Program effects were therefore computed as net impact estimates controlling for systematic sample selection using observable characteristics including information on job search assistance from the employment service. While self-employment assistance yielded a favorable set of net impact estimates in both countries, there was …
When Is Transition Over?, Annette N. Brown Editor
When Is Transition Over?, Annette N. Brown Editor
Upjohn Press
The transition process in which a country moves from a planned economy to a market economy offers a unique opportunity for economists and policymakers to observe and understand the effects of major institutional, legal, and political changes on economic systems. But one feature of the process that has not been considered until now is when is the process over? When has a transition progressed far enough to ensure that a market system will survive and mature? Are there institutional, economic, and political standards that countries reach that measure the level of transition attained or, indeed, show that they have completed …
Legal U.S. Immigration: Influences On Gender, Age, And Skill Composition, Michael J. Greenwood, John M. Mcdowell
Legal U.S. Immigration: Influences On Gender, Age, And Skill Composition, Michael J. Greenwood, John M. Mcdowell
Upjohn Press
The authors develop empirical models that enable them to examine the influence of two important determinants - source country characteristics and U.S. immigration policy - on the gender, age, and skills of immigrants coming to America.
A Cross Country Evaluation Of Active Labor Programs In Hungary And Poland, Christopher J. O'Leary
A Cross Country Evaluation Of Active Labor Programs In Hungary And Poland, Christopher J. O'Leary
Reports
No abstract provided.
Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Active Labor Programs In Hungary, Christopher J. O'Leary
Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Active Labor Programs In Hungary, Christopher J. O'Leary
Upjohn Institute Technical Reports
No abstract provided.
Design For A Net Impact Evaluation Of Retraining In China, Christopher J. O'Leary
Design For A Net Impact Evaluation Of Retraining In China, Christopher J. O'Leary
Reports
The main aim of the national reemployment project in China is to redeploy workers identified as redundant within urban state owned enterprises (SOEs) to new jobs.1 As part of a larger effort to document the success of the reemployment project in China, a net impact analysis of retraining will be performed using a sample drawn from three cities which span the range of economic conditions in China: Shanghai, Wuhan and Shenyang. 2 This paper presents a practical design for the sampling necessary to undertake the evaluation.
Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Active Labor Programs In Poland, Christopher J. O'Leary
Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Active Labor Programs In Poland, Christopher J. O'Leary
Upjohn Institute Technical Reports
No abstract provided.
Preliminary Evidence On Impacts Of Active Labor Programs In Hungary And Poland, Christopher J. O'Leary
Preliminary Evidence On Impacts Of Active Labor Programs In Hungary And Poland, Christopher J. O'Leary
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
To ease the hardship associated with worker dislocation and to maintain social stability during the transition to markets, the governments of Hungary and Poland provide labor force members with unemployment compensation and a variety of active labor programs (ALPs). Follow-up surveys of participants in retraining, public works, wage subsidies, self-employment, and comparison groups were done in Hungary and Poland in early 1997. Preliminary analysis suggests positive net impacts for most ALPs and additive benefits from the use of the employment service in both countries. Strong evidence of nonrandom assignment to programs means that great care should be used in interpreting …
Learning About Employment Policy In North America: Study Tours By Hungarian Experts, Christopher J. O'Leary
Learning About Employment Policy In North America: Study Tours By Hungarian Experts, Christopher J. O'Leary
Reports
No abstract provided.
Methods For Performance Based Management Of Active Labor Programs In Hungary: An Adjustment Methodology For Performance Indicators And A Proposal For Budget Allocation, Christopher J. O'Leary
Methods For Performance Based Management Of Active Labor Programs In Hungary: An Adjustment Methodology For Performance Indicators And A Proposal For Budget Allocation, Christopher J. O'Leary
Reports
No abstract provided.
Statistical Techniques For Labor Market Modelling: Seasonal Adjustment And Local Area Unemployment, Christopher J. O'Leary
Statistical Techniques For Labor Market Modelling: Seasonal Adjustment And Local Area Unemployment, Christopher J. O'Leary
Reports
No abstract provided.
Planning Guidelines For Active Labor Programs In Hungary, Christopher J. O'Leary
Planning Guidelines For Active Labor Programs In Hungary, Christopher J. O'Leary
Reports
No abstract provided.
Employment Promotion And Services Project [In Poland]: Management Information System Component: Final Report, Christopher J. O'Leary
Employment Promotion And Services Project [In Poland]: Management Information System Component: Final Report, Christopher J. O'Leary
Reports
No abstract provided.
Suggested Rules For An Unemployment Insurance Law For Poland, Christopher J. O'Leary
Suggested Rules For An Unemployment Insurance Law For Poland, Christopher J. O'Leary
Upjohn Institute Technical Reports
No abstract provided.
Performance Management Of Active Labor Programs In Eastern Europe, Christopher J. O'Leary
Performance Management Of Active Labor Programs In Eastern Europe, Christopher J. O'Leary
Employment Research Newsletter
No abstract provided.
An Impact Analysis Of Employment Programs In Hungary, Christopher J. O'Leary
An Impact Analysis Of Employment Programs In Hungary, Christopher J. O'Leary
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
This paper presents estimates of the impact of retraining and public service employment (PSE) on reemployment and earnings in the Republic of Hungary during the early phase of post-Socialist economic restructuring. Since assignment to programs resulted in groups with vastly dissimilar characteristics, impact estimates were computed using a variety of methods. Controlling for observable characteristics, retraining may have slightly improved the chances for reemployment in a non-subsidized job, but the gain in reemployment was probably not sufficient to justify the cost of retraining. However, since the durability of jobs appears to be better for those who were retrained, the long …
Mis Guidelines For Employment Law Programs In Poland, Christopher J. O'Leary, Andrew S. Targowski, W.E. Upjohn Institute For Employment Research
Mis Guidelines For Employment Law Programs In Poland, Christopher J. O'Leary, Andrew S. Targowski, W.E. Upjohn Institute For Employment Research
Reports
The guidelines presented in this report propose an efficient architecture for structuring the huge volume of information flow necessary to manage and administer the several labor market programs operated by the SOLO (System of Labor Offices). The proposal includes a recommendation for the sequence of events in developing the many parts of the system which exploits the latest technical and methodological possibilities, but recognizes the practical constraints of time and money. At the heart of the proposed automated management information system (MIS) to support planning, evaluation, and budgeting for labor market programs in Poland is a set of performance indicators. …
A System For Evaluating Employment Programs In Hungary, Christopher J. O'Leary
A System For Evaluating Employment Programs In Hungary, Christopher J. O'Leary
Upjohn Institute Technical Reports
No abstract provided.
Suggested Revisions To The Polish Employment Law, Christopher J. O'Leary
Suggested Revisions To The Polish Employment Law, Christopher J. O'Leary
Reports
No abstract provided.
Foreign Direct Investment In The United States: Issues, Magnitudes, And Location Choice Of New Manufacturing Plants, Jan Ondrich, Michael J. Wasylenko
Foreign Direct Investment In The United States: Issues, Magnitudes, And Location Choice Of New Manufacturing Plants, Jan Ondrich, Michael J. Wasylenko
Upjohn Press
What effect does foreign direct investment (FDI) have on job creation, wages, and productivity in the U.S.? How does FDI impact the budget deficit? How do changes in states' fiscal policy affect plant location choices? Ondrych and Wasylenko address these and other politically-charged questions concerning FDI. Provided is empirical evidence drawn from a pooled cross-section and time-series data set that identifies the criteria foreigners use to make location decisions. The authors also develop a model, against which they compare their findings, and review policy options available at the state and federal levels. Information provided will help states shape, focus, and …
Banking The Furnace: Restructuring Of The Steel Industry In Eight Countries, Trevor Bain
Banking The Furnace: Restructuring Of The Steel Industry In Eight Countries, Trevor Bain
Upjohn Press
Trevor Bain explores the industry restructurings that occurred in eight major steel-producing countries, including the U.S., Germany and Japan. He begins by categorizing each country as having either an adversarial or a cooperative industrial relations system, and then analyzes the differences in implementation strategies. He also determines who - employers, employees, or government - bore the cost of these adjustments and which industrial relations systems were more efficient in restructuring.
From Socialism To Market Economy: The Transition Problem, William S. Kern Editor
From Socialism To Market Economy: The Transition Problem, William S. Kern Editor
Upjohn Press
This group of essays examines the ongoing economic struggles experienced by former Soviet-bloc countries as they attempt to establish market-based economies.
Congressional Testimony On The Effectiveness Of Trade Adjustment Assistance And Suggestions For Improving The Program, Louis S. Jacobson
Congressional Testimony On The Effectiveness Of Trade Adjustment Assistance And Suggestions For Improving The Program, Louis S. Jacobson
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
In this testimony, I will sketch key findings from research that I conducted with others, bearing on the justification and effectiveness of trade adjustment assistance. Most economists agree that protecting workers from the negative consequences of the North American Free Trade Agreement is appropriate, since we believe that a measure is unambiguously good only when some benefit, but no one is hurt. ... Thus, my central policy conclusion is that the combination of UI and TAA does a good job in protecting the majority of trade impacted workers. But available funds would be better spent by helping dislocated workers find …