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Articles 61 - 90 of 154
Full-Text Articles in Economics
Expanding The Focus Of Cost-Benefit Analysis For Food Safety: A Multi-Factorial Risk Prioritization Approach, Julie Caswell
Expanding The Focus Of Cost-Benefit Analysis For Food Safety: A Multi-Factorial Risk Prioritization Approach, Julie Caswell
Julie Caswell
A pressing need in the area of food safety is a tool for making overall, macro judgments about which risks should be given priority for management. Governments often seek to base this prioritization on public health impacts only to find that other considerations also influence the prioritization process. A multi-factorial approach formally recognizes that public health, market-level impacts, consumer risk preferences and acceptance, and the social sensitivity of particular risks all play a role in prioritization. It also provides decision makers with a variety of information outputs that allow risk prioritization to be considered along different dimensions. Macro-level prioritization of …
Expanding The Focus Of Cost-Benefit Analysis For Food Safety: A Multi-Factorial Risk Prioritization Approach, Julie Caswell
Expanding The Focus Of Cost-Benefit Analysis For Food Safety: A Multi-Factorial Risk Prioritization Approach, Julie Caswell
Julie Caswell
A pressing need in the area of food safety is a tool for making overall, macro judgments about which risks should be given priority for management. Governments often seek to base this prioritization on public health impacts only to find that other considerations also influence the prioritization process. A multi-factorial approach formally recognizes that public health, market-level impacts, consumer risk preferences and acceptance, and the social sensitivity of particular risks all play a role in prioritization. It also provides decision makers with a variety of information outputs that allow risk prioritization to be considered along different dimensions. Macro-level prioritization of …
The Linkages Between Fdi And Domestic Investment: Unravelling The Developmental Impact Of Foreign Investment In Sub-Saharan Africa, Léonce Ndikumana, Sher Verick
The Linkages Between Fdi And Domestic Investment: Unravelling The Developmental Impact Of Foreign Investment In Sub-Saharan Africa, Léonce Ndikumana, Sher Verick
Léonce Ndikumana
While the recent increase in foreign direct investment (FDI) to African countries is a welcome development, the question remains as to the impact of these resource inflows on economic development. This study posits that a key channel of the impact of FDI on development is through its effects on domestic factor markets, especially domestic investment and employment. In this context, this study analyses the two-way linkages between FDI and domestic investment in Sub-Saharan Africa. The results suggest that firstly, FDI crowds in domestic investment, and secondly, countries will gain much from measures aimed at improving the domestic investment climate. Moreover, …
Understanding Persistent Food Insecurity: A Paradox Of Place And Circumstance, Sheila Mammen, Jean W. Bauer, Leslie Richards
Understanding Persistent Food Insecurity: A Paradox Of Place And Circumstance, Sheila Mammen, Jean W. Bauer, Leslie Richards
Sheila Mammen
Survey data from a USDA-funded multi-state longitudinal project revealed a paradox where rural low-income families from states considered prosperous were persistently more food insecure than similar families from less prosperous states. An examination of quantitative and qualitative data found that families in the food insecure states were more likely to experience greater material hardship and incur greater housing costs than families in the food secure states. Families in the food insecure states, however, did not have lower per capita median incomes or lower life satisfaction than those in the food secure states. A wide range of strategies to cope with …
The Benefits And Costs Of Proliferation Of Geographical Labeling For Developing Countries, Julie Caswell
The Benefits And Costs Of Proliferation Of Geographical Labeling For Developing Countries, Julie Caswell
Julie Caswell
Food product attributes related to geographical origins are a topical issue in global food trade. The provision of geographical labelling may occur through geographical indications under the mandated trade rules of the TRIPS Agreement, trademarks, or country-of-origin labelling. The overall effect of the expansion of geographical labelling on developing countries depends on a complex mix of market opportunities that may yield substantial benefits as well as implementation costs. Increasingly, the analysis of this overall effect will need to evaluate the joint impacts of different forms of geographical labelling on the market position of developing countries.
Consumer Demand For Quality: Major Determinant For Agricultural And Food Trade In The Future?, Julie Caswell
Consumer Demand For Quality: Major Determinant For Agricultural And Food Trade In The Future?, Julie Caswell
Julie Caswell
The impact of consumer demand for quality on the agricultural and food system is an increased emphasis on quality differentiation but not all in the direction of upgrading quality. The more elite market segments are thriving and reaching growing numbers of consumers but the basic price/quality markets remain strong. Most recent economic studies find that consumers are willing to pay for food safety and other quality attributes, and for information about them. The magnitude of the valuations varies by food product, attribute, country, and study design. This literature and a case study of genetically modified foods suggest that consumer demand …
Financialization In Kaleckian Economies With And Without Labor Constraints, Peter Skott, Soon Ryoo
Financialization In Kaleckian Economies With And Without Labor Constraints, Peter Skott, Soon Ryoo
Peter Skott
No abstract provided.
Macroeconomic Implications Of Financialization, Peter Skott, Soon Ryoo
Macroeconomic Implications Of Financialization, Peter Skott, Soon Ryoo
Peter Skott
A growing literature suggests that 'financialization' may weaken the performance of non-financial corporations and constrain the growth of ag- gregate demand. This paper evaluates (some of) the claims that have been made using two alternative approaches (one derived from Skott (1981, 1988, 1989) and one from Lavoie and Godley (2001-2002)) and two differ- ent settings (a labor-constrained setting and a dual-economy setting). All models pay explicit attention to financial stock-flow relations. The results are insensitive to the precise specification of household saving behavior but depend critically on the labor market assumptions (labor-constrained vs dual) and the specification of the investment …
Teaching With Technology To Engage Students And Enhance Learning, Daniel A. Lass, Bernard Morzuch, Richard Rogers
Teaching With Technology To Engage Students And Enhance Learning, Daniel A. Lass, Bernard Morzuch, Richard Rogers
Daniel A. Lass
Teaching technology effects on student learning in a large lecture introductory statistics course were tested. Findings show in-class personal response systems and on-line homework/quizzes significantly improve student exam scores. We infer proven small class techniques, participating in class and doing homework via technologies, can restore sound pedagogy in larger classes. The experiment was conducted using just one class, but factors usually unaccounted for in assessment research were controlled, especially the instructor and other materials. The technologies investigated here can provide learning benefits to students even in larger courses often criticized for their inability to provide students quality learning experiences.
Labor Supply Decisions Of Rural Low-Income Mothers, Daniel A. Lass
Labor Supply Decisions Of Rural Low-Income Mothers, Daniel A. Lass
Daniel A. Lass
Labor force participation is crucial to the economic well-being of low-income rural families. This study identified the factors that influence two decisions that low-income rural mothers make regarding their employment: labor force entry and number of hours supplied to employment. The sample consisted of 412 rural low-income mothers who participated in a multi-state study. The logistic regression model correctly predicted 80 percent of their work participation decisions. Employed rural mothers appeared to be older, better educated, and less likely to suffer from depression compared to those not working. Additionally, they were more likely to have an employed partner, a driver’s …
Labor Supply Decisions Of Rural Low-Income Mothers, Sheila Mammen, Daniel Lass, Sharon B. Seiling
Labor Supply Decisions Of Rural Low-Income Mothers, Sheila Mammen, Daniel Lass, Sharon B. Seiling
Sheila Mammen
Labor force participation is crucial to the economic well-being of low-income rural families. This study identified the factors that influence two decisions that low-income rural mothers make regarding their employment: labor force entry and number of hours supplied to employment. The sample consisted of 412 rural low-income mothers who participated in a multi-state study. The logistic regression model correctly predicted 80 percent of their work participation decisions. Employed rural mothers appeared to be older, better educated, and less likely to suffer from depression compared to those not working. Additionally, they were more likely to have an employed partner, a driver’s …
Teaching With Technology To Engage Students And Enhance Learning, Bernard J. Morzuch, Daniel Lass, Richard Rogers
Teaching With Technology To Engage Students And Enhance Learning, Bernard J. Morzuch, Daniel Lass, Richard Rogers
Bernard J. Morzuch
Teaching technology effects on student learning in a large lecture introductory statistics course were tested. Findings show in-class personal response systems and on-line homework/quizzes significantly improve student exam scores. We infer proven small class techniques, participating in class and doing homework via technologies, can restore sound pedagogy in larger classes. The experiment was conducted using just one class, but factors usually unaccounted for in assessment research were controlled, especially the instructor and other materials. The technologies investigated here can provide learning benefits to students even in larger courses often criticized for their inability to provide students quality learning experiences.
Introduction: Economic Measures Of Food Safety Interventions, Julie Caswell
Introduction: Economic Measures Of Food Safety Interventions, Julie Caswell
Julie Caswell
EconLit Citations: Q18, I18, L51 © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 23: 153–156, 2007.
Standards-As-Barriers Versus Standards-As-Catalysts: Assessing The Impact Of Haccp Implementation On U.S. Seafood Imports, Julie Caswell
Standards-As-Barriers Versus Standards-As-Catalysts: Assessing The Impact Of Haccp Implementation On U.S. Seafood Imports, Julie Caswell
Julie Caswell
The United States mandated a Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) food safety standard for seafood in 1997. Panel model results for the period 1990 to 2004 suggest that HACCP introduction had a negative and significant impact on overall seafood imports from the top 33 suppliers. While the effect for developed countries was positive, the negative HACCP effect for developing countries supports the view of “standards-as-barriers” versus ”standards-as-catalysts.” When the effect is analyzed at an individual country level a different perspective emerges. Regardless of development status, leading seafood exporters generally gained sales volume with the U.S., while most other smaller …
A Multi-Factorial Risk Prioritization Framework For Food-Borne Pathogens, Julie Caswell
A Multi-Factorial Risk Prioritization Framework For Food-Borne Pathogens, Julie Caswell
Julie Caswell
To lower the incidence of human food-borne disease, experts and stakeholders have urged the development of a science- and risk-based management system in which food-borne hazards are analyzed and prioritized. A literature review shows that most approaches to risk prioritization developed to date are based on measures of health outcomes and do not systematically account for other factors that may be important to decision making. The Multi-Factorial Risk Prioritization Framework developed here considers four factors that may be important to risk managers: public health, consumer risk perceptions and acceptance, market-level impacts, and social sensitivity. The framework is based on the …
Consumer Demand For Quality: Major Determinant For Agricultural And Food Trade In The Future?, Julie Caswell
Consumer Demand For Quality: Major Determinant For Agricultural And Food Trade In The Future?, Julie Caswell
Julie Caswell
The impact of consumer demand for quality on the agricultural and food system is an increased emphasis on quality differentiation but not all in the direction of upgrading quality. The more elite market segments are thriving and reaching growing numbers of consumers but the basic price/quality markets remain strong. Most recent economic studies find that consumers are willing to pay for food safety and other quality attributes, and for information about them. The magnitude of the valuations varies by food product, attribute, country, and study design. This literature and a case study of genetically modified foods suggest that consumer demand …
Japanese Growth And Stagnation: A Keynesian Perspective, Peter Skott, Takeshi Nakatani
Japanese Growth And Stagnation: A Keynesian Perspective, Peter Skott, Takeshi Nakatani
Peter Skott
This paper uses a modified Harrodian model to understand both the long period of rapid Japanese growth and the recent period of stagnation. The model has multiple steady-growth solutions when the labour supply is highly elastic, and government intervention, we argue, took the Japanese economy onto a high-growth trajectory. Labour constraints began to ap- pear around 1970, and a combination of high saving rates and slow popu- lation growth account for the stagnation of the 1990s. This combination produces a structural liquidity trap and threatens the sustainability of at- tempts to ensure near full employment through fiscal policy or by …
Is Inequality Bad For The Environment?, James K. Boyce
Is Inequality Bad For The Environment?, James K. Boyce
James K. Boyce
By respecting nature’s limits and investing in nature’s wealth, we can protect and enhance the environment’s ability to sustain human well-being. But how humans interact with nature is intimately tied to how we interact with each other. Those who are relatively powerful and wealthy typically gain disproportionate benefits from the economic activities that degrade the environment, while those who are relatively powerless and poor typically bear disproportionate costs. All else equal, wider political and economic inequalities tend to result in higher levels of environmental harm. For this reason, efforts to safeguard the natural environment must go hand-in-hand with efforts to …
Interaction Between Food Attributes In Markets: The Case Of Environmental Labeling, Gillies Grolleau, Julie Caswell
Interaction Between Food Attributes In Markets: The Case Of Environmental Labeling, Gillies Grolleau, Julie Caswell
Julie Caswell
Some consumers derive utility from using products produced with specific processes, such as environmentally friendly practices. Means of verifying these credence attributes, such as certification, are necessary for the market to function effectively. A substitute or complementary solution may exist when consumers perceive a relationship between a process attribute and other verifiable product attributes. We present a model where the level of search and experience attributes influences the likelihood of production of eco-friendly products. Our results suggest that the market success of eco-friendly food products requires a mix of environmental and other verifiable attributes that together signal credibility.
Assessing The Impact Of Stricter Food Safety Standards On Trade:Haccp In U.S. Seafood Trade With The Developing World, Julie Caswell
Assessing The Impact Of Stricter Food Safety Standards On Trade:Haccp In U.S. Seafood Trade With The Developing World, Julie Caswell
Julie Caswell
Health risks associated with seafood products prompted the introduction of mandatory HACCP in the seafood industry in the United States in 1997. This paper quantifies the trade impact of this introduction by analyzing patterns of seafood imports to the U.S. over the period 1990 to 2004. The results of a gravity model using panel data suggest that HACCP had a negative and significant impact on overall seafood imports from the top 33 developing and developed countries selling into the U.S. For developing countries, the results support the view of “standards-as-barriers” versus ”standards-as-catalysts” as the negative HACCP effect was experienced by …
Traceability Adoption At The Farm Level: Analysis Of The Portuguese Pear Industry, Julie Caswell
Traceability Adoption At The Farm Level: Analysis Of The Portuguese Pear Industry, Julie Caswell
Julie Caswell
Traceability is becoming a condition for doing business in European food markets. Retailers are adopting standards that are more stringent than what is mandatory. An example is EurepGAP, a quality standard for good agricultural practices that includes traceability as a main requirement. We analyze EurepGAP implementation in the Portuguese pear industry and find that implementation cannot be distinguished from sales to British supermarkets. Discrete choice models show the odds of traceability adoption increase with farm size and previous compliance with quality assurance schemes, while farm productivity has a negative impact on the probability of adoption.
An Employment-Targeted Economic Programme For South Africa, Robert Pollin, Gerald Epstein, James Heintz, Léonce Ndikumana
An Employment-Targeted Economic Programme For South Africa, Robert Pollin, Gerald Epstein, James Heintz, Léonce Ndikumana
Léonce Ndikumana
This is an independent report produced by a team of international and national consultants supported by the international Poverty Centre in Brasilia (IPC). Initial support for this report was provided by the Poverty Group of the United Nations Development Programme in New York. This Report is part of a wider global research programme encompassing several other countires. The views in this report are the authors' and not necessarily IPC's. However, the IPC regards this report as an important contribution to the debate on economic policies and employment programmes in South Africa as well as in other countries in Africa.
Working Paper Of Fiscal Impact Analysis: Methods, Cases, And Intellectual Debate, John Mullin, Zenia Kotval
Working Paper Of Fiscal Impact Analysis: Methods, Cases, And Intellectual Debate, John Mullin, Zenia Kotval
John R. Mullin
Fiscal impact analysis seeks to connect planning and local economics by estimating the public costs and revenues that result from property investments. This type of analysis enables the comparison of revenues to costs associated with new development indicating whether local government can meet new demands for services, or must raise taxes to meet new service demands. This paper is a comprehensive description and assessment of current methods for estimating fiscal impacts, it discusses the influence of local factors such as property tax structure and type of development or growth pattern on fiscal impacts and limitations of methods frequently used. It …
Landowner Driven Sustainable Forest Management And Value-Added Processing, David T. Damery
Landowner Driven Sustainable Forest Management And Value-Added Processing, David T. Damery
David T. Damery
The Massachusetts Woodlands Cooperative, LLC (MWC) is working to help members conduct sustainable forestry of the highest standards while increasing financial returns from harvest activities. The forests of Massachusetts, the 3rd most densely populated of the United States, are threatened. Decades of high grading and the threat of conversion to alternative use present challenges for maintaining a forested landscape. Despite being 60% forested Massachusetts imports approximately 98% of the wood fiber that its citizens consume.
A Chinese Sky Trust? Distributional Impacts Of Carbon Charges And Revenue Recycling In China, Mark Brenner, Matthew Riddle, James K. Boyce
A Chinese Sky Trust? Distributional Impacts Of Carbon Charges And Revenue Recycling In China, Mark Brenner, Matthew Riddle, James K. Boyce
James K. Boyce
The introduction of carbon charges on the use of fossil fuels in China would have a progressive impact on income distribution. This outcome, which contrasts to the regressive distributional impact found in most studies of carbon charges in industrialized countries, is driven primarily by differences between urban and rural expenditure patterns. If carbon revenues were recycled on an equal per capita basis via a ‘sky trust,’ the progressive impact would be further enhanced: low-income (mainly rural) households would receive more in sky-trust dividends than they pay in carbon charges, and high-income (mainly urban) households would pay more than they receive …
Market Power In Direct Marketing Of Fresh Produce: Community Supported Agriculture Farms, Daniel A. Lass, Nathalie Lavoie, Robert T. Fetter
Market Power In Direct Marketing Of Fresh Produce: Community Supported Agriculture Farms, Daniel A. Lass, Nathalie Lavoie, Robert T. Fetter
Daniel A. Lass
CSA farms establish a loyal customer base and, potentially, market power. A new empirical industrial organization (NEIO) approach and survey data from Northeast CSA farms are used to determine whether CSA farms have market power and the extent to which they exercise their market power. Results suggest CSA farms exert about two percent of their potential monopoly power.
Market Power In Direct Marketing Of Fresh Produce: Community Supported Agriculture Farms, Daniel A. Lass, Nathalie Lavoie, Robert T. Fetter
Market Power In Direct Marketing Of Fresh Produce: Community Supported Agriculture Farms, Daniel A. Lass, Nathalie Lavoie, Robert T. Fetter
Nathalie Lavoie
CSA farms establish a loyal customer base and, potentially, market power. A new empirical industrial organization (NEIO) approach and survey data from Northeast CSA farms are used to determine whether CSA farms have market power and the extent to which they exercise their market power. Results suggest CSA farms exert about two percent of their potential monopoly power.
Risk Management In The Integrated Nafta Market: Lessons From The Case Of Bse, Julie Caswell, David Sparling
Risk Management In The Integrated Nafta Market: Lessons From The Case Of Bse, Julie Caswell, David Sparling
Julie Caswell
No abstract provided.
Asking The Right Questions: Making A Case For Sexual Orientation Data, Lee Badgett
Asking The Right Questions: Making A Case For Sexual Orientation Data, Lee Badgett
Lee Badgett
Currently, very little information is collected on sexual orientation in the nationally representative surveys that guide much of the investigation of social, economic, and health policy. Asking questions on sexual orientation will help to fulfill the mission of such surveys to measure outcomes both for the population as a whole and population sub-groups where a policy role is evident. In many cases, the stated purposes and current uses of survey data may even be seen to require the collection of personal characteristics such as sexual orientation. This paper will first outline the particular areas of research and policymaking that are …
Food Safety Innovation In The United States Evidence From The Meat Industry, Elise Golan, Tanya Roberts, Elisabete Salay, Julie Caswell, Michael Ollinger, Danna Moore
Food Safety Innovation In The United States Evidence From The Meat Industry, Elise Golan, Tanya Roberts, Elisabete Salay, Julie Caswell, Michael Ollinger, Danna Moore
Julie Caswell
Recent industry innovations improving the safety of the Nation’s meat supply range from new pathogen tests, high-tech equipment, and supply chain management systems, to new surveillance networks. Despite these and other improvements, the market incentives that motivate private firms to invest in innovation seem to be fairly weak. Results from an ERS survey of U.S. meat and poultry slaughter and processing plants and two case studies of innovation in the U.S. beef industry reveal that the industry has developed a number of mechanisms to overcome that weakness and to stimulate investment in food safety innovation. Industry experience suggests that government …