Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Biological and Physical Anthropology Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
- Keyword
-
- Primates (3)
- Anatomy (1)
- Biology (1)
- Biomechanics (1)
- Body composition (1)
-
- Body mass (1)
- Dental (1)
- Dental Microwear (1)
- Development (1)
- Diet (1)
- Evolution (1)
- Fat dimorphism (1)
- Fluctuating asymmetry (1)
- Geometric morphometrics (1)
- Heat map (1)
- Hominins (1)
- Human evolution (1)
- Miocene (1)
- Muscle dimorphism (1)
- Point cloud registration (1)
- Scaling (1)
- Sexual dimorphism (1)
- Skeletal morphology (1)
- Stress (1)
- Teeth (1)
- Turkana Basin (1)
Articles 1 - 5 of 5
Full-Text Articles in Biological and Physical Anthropology
The Effects Of Diet, Size, And Phylogeny On Primate Dental Proportions, Rudolph J. Wilkins
The Effects Of Diet, Size, And Phylogeny On Primate Dental Proportions, Rudolph J. Wilkins
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
It is generally appreciated that there is a relationship between the relative size of the incisors, mandible length, and diet in primates. More specifically, the differences in relative incisor size among primate species are believed to be evolutionary adaptations to their use during food processing and acquisition. While this satisfactorily explains relatively large incisors, it fails to address the relatively small incisor size seen in many taxa. One hypothesis is that there is a trade-off between molar size and incisor size in species with relatively short mandibles. The following study uses two-way ANOVA to evaluate the possibility that spatial constraint …
Understanding The Environmental And Genetic Influence On Fluctuating Asymmetry And Developmental Instability In Primates, Ashly N. Romero
Understanding The Environmental And Genetic Influence On Fluctuating Asymmetry And Developmental Instability In Primates, Ashly N. Romero
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation explored the impact of environmental factors on the development and perpetuation of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) and sought to understand the role evolution may play in the FA exhibited in two primate populations: the free-ranging Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) and the Southwest National Primate Research Center olive baboons (Papio hamadryas anubis). Demographic, ontogenetic, secular, external, and genetic factors were examined. Specifically, this dissertation investigated FA over all ontogenetic stages, across decades, between sexes, in association with ecological catastrophes, and with tooth pathology to try and tease apart factors that may influence FA and developmental instability. This dissertation …
Dental Microwear Of Miocene Primates From The Turkana Basin Of Northern Kenya, Leah K. Myerholtz
Dental Microwear Of Miocene Primates From The Turkana Basin Of Northern Kenya, Leah K. Myerholtz
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Comprehending the dietary patterns of Turkana Basin primates from the late Paleogene and early Neogene can contextualize the role of food choice in the evolution of higher primates in Africa. Dental Microwear Texture Analysis (DMTA) quantifies wear on the enamel of a tooth and can be used as a proxy to infer aspects of a taxon’s diet in the past. DMTA can provide insight into what specific animals in the past ate, rather than what they were capable of eating, and by extension, reflect food availability related to habitat preferences or environmental fluctuation. Here, primates from six Oligocene through Pliocene …
The Scaling Method: Body Mass Reconstruction Of East African Hominins, Julianna Rose
The Scaling Method: Body Mass Reconstruction Of East African Hominins, Julianna Rose
Anthropology Undergraduate Honors Theses
This thesis details a series of novel methods developed to estimate body masses of hominin fossils using 3-D point cloud registration software. All analyses were conducted through 3-D modeling software that supported the remote study of five fossil femora from East Africa. The fossil computer models were repeatedly aligned with anatomically modern human femora to determine their scaling relationship with the objective of using the scaling factor of the human references to estimate the body mass of the fossils, on the basis of the femoral head breadth. Body mass estimates obtained through this technique were compared to estimates using more …
Fatty Females And Muscular Males: Investigating Human Sexual Dimorphism Across The Upper And Lower Skeleton, Brooklin Edwards
Fatty Females And Muscular Males: Investigating Human Sexual Dimorphism Across The Upper And Lower Skeleton, Brooklin Edwards
Anthropology Undergraduate Honors Theses
The sexual dimorphism profile of human body composition produces a unique pattern. Compared to other primates, humans have a mild size dimorphism; however, human males have a particularly muscular upper body and human females have a permanent fatty composition. These findings have resulted in varying interpretations related to sexual selection, mating systems, and male competition. Using humerus and femur measurements collected from 9 primate species, we investigated how the pronounced sexually dimorphic tissue composition of humans influences skeletal elements compared to the other primates. We hypothesized that over the course of human evolution, human females developed a body composition that …