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Animal Studies Commons™

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Articles 691 - 706 of 706

Full-Text Articles in Animal Studies

Are Humans The Only Animals That Keep Pets?, Harold Herzog Jun 2010

Are Humans The Only Animals That Keep Pets?, Harold Herzog

Harold Herzog, PhD

Do Monkeys Keep Pets?

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The Climatic Niche Diversity Of Malagasy Primates: A Phylogenetic Perspective, Jason Kamilar, Kathleen Muldoon Jun 2010

The Climatic Niche Diversity Of Malagasy Primates: A Phylogenetic Perspective, Jason Kamilar, Kathleen Muldoon

scholarworks@library.umass.edu

Background:
Numerous researchers have posited that there should be a strong negative relationship between the
evolutionary distance among species and their ecological similarity. Alternative evidence suggests that members of adaptive radiations should display no relationship between divergence time and ecological similarity because rapid evolution results in near-simultaneous speciation early in the clade’s history. In this paper, we performed the first
investigation of ecological diversity in a phylogenetic context using a mammalian adaptive radiation, the Malagasy
primates.
Methodology/Principal Findings:
We collected data for 43 extant species including: 1) 1064 species by locality samples, 2) GIS climate data for each sampling locality, …

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Conservation Value Of Residential Open Space: Designation And Management Language Of Florida’S Land Development Regulations, Dara M. Wald May 2010

Conservation Value Of Residential Open Space: Designation And Management Language Of Florida’S Land Development Regulations, Dara M. Wald

Dara Wald

The conservation value of open space depends upon the quantity and quality of the area protected, as well as how it is designed and managed. This study reports the results of a content analysis of Florida county Land Development Regulations. Codes were reviewed to determine the amount of open space required, how open space is protected during construction, the delegation of responsibilities, and the designation of funds for management. Definitions of open space varied dramatically across the state. Most county codes provided inadequate descriptions of management recommendations, which could lead to a decline in the conservation value of the protected …

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Reproducing Dominion: Emotional Apprenticeship In The 4h Youth Livestock Program., Colter Ellis, Leslie Irvine Dec 2009

Reproducing Dominion: Emotional Apprenticeship In The 4h Youth Livestock Program., Colter Ellis, Leslie Irvine

Leslie Irvine, PhD

This paper examines young people’s socialization into the doctrine known as “dominionism,” which justifies the use of animals in the service of human beings. Using qualitative research, it focuses on the 4-H youth livestock program, in which boys and girls raise cattle, pigs, goats, and sheep for slaughter. The analysis portrays 4-H as an apprenticeship in which children learn to do cognitive emotion work, use distancing mechanisms, and create a “redemption” narrative to cope with contradictory ethical and emotional experiences. Although this paper focuses on young people’s relationships with animals, and particularly with types of animals that have received little …

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Gender Work In A Feminized Profession: The Case Of Veterinary Medicine., Leslie Irvine, Jenny R. Vermilya Dec 2009

Gender Work In A Feminized Profession: The Case Of Veterinary Medicine., Leslie Irvine, Jenny R. Vermilya

Leslie Irvine, PhD

Veterinary medicine has undergone dramatic, rapid feminization while in many ways remaining gendered masculine. With women constituting approximately half of its practitioners and nearly 80 percent of students, veterinary medicine is the most feminized of the comparable health professions. Nevertheless, the culture of veterinary medicine glorifies stereotypically masculine actions and attitudes. This article examines how women veterinarians understand the gender dynamics within the profession. Our analysis reveals that the discursive strategies available to women sustain and justify the status quo, and thus preserve hegemonic masculinity. Women use strategies previously used toward female tokens in nontraditional jobs, such as role encapsulation, …

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Tzachi Zamir, Ethics And The Beast: A Speciesist Argument For Animal Liberation, Robert C. Jones Nov 2009

Tzachi Zamir, Ethics And The Beast: A Speciesist Argument For Animal Liberation, Robert C. Jones

Robert C. Jones, PhD

No abstract provided.

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Evidence Of Population-Level Lateralized Behaviour In Giant Water Bugs, Belostoma Flumineum Say (Heteroptera: Belostomatidae): T-Maze Turning Is Left Biased, Scott Kight Dec 2007

Evidence Of Population-Level Lateralized Behaviour In Giant Water Bugs, Belostoma Flumineum Say (Heteroptera: Belostomatidae): T-Maze Turning Is Left Biased, Scott Kight

Scott Kight

Lateralized behaviour occurs in diverse animals, but relatively few studies examine the phenomenon in invertebrates. Here we report a population-level left turn bias in the giant water bug Belostoma flumineum Say (Heteroptera: Belostomatidae) in an underwater T-maze. Individuals made significantly more left turns than right turns, including when they were na ̈ıve and first introduced to the maze. Water bugs also showed significantly longer runs of consecutive left turns than right turns (i.e. LLLLL). The length of these runs, however, did not increase with experience in the maze, suggesting that the effect is not the result of learning. There were …

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Ready Or Not: Evacuating An Animal Shelter During A Mock Emergency, Leslie Irvine Dec 2006

Ready Or Not: Evacuating An Animal Shelter During A Mock Emergency, Leslie Irvine

Leslie Irvine, PhD

This paper reports on a disaster response exercise involving the evacuation of an urban animal shelter. A simulated emergency provided the opportunity to test the shelter’s disaster evacuation capabilities and to illuminate issues that animal stakeholders should address when creating and refining emergency response plans. The participants successfully evacuated all animals from the building in good time, but the exercise highlighted flaws in the standard authority structure used in disaster response, known as the Incident Command System, or ICS. Specifically, the ICS does not easily integrate volunteers who have no training in disaster response but who nevertheless want to help. …

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Classical Conditioning Of Red-Backed Salamanders, Plethodon Cinereus, Scott Kight Dec 2004

Classical Conditioning Of Red-Backed Salamanders, Plethodon Cinereus, Scott Kight

Scott Kight


We examined associative learning as it relates to the sensory ecology of the red-backed salamander, Plethodon cinereus, using a classical conditioning design to evaluate the response of salamanders to different kinds of stimuli.  Conditioned stimuli (CS) reflected visual, chemosensory, and mechanosensory modalities of P. cinereus, with brief exposures to (I) white light, (II) acetic acid fumes, (III) low-frequency sound, and (IV) low-frequency vibration.  In all experiments, a gentle mechanical stimulation of the tail served as the unconditioned stimulus (US), which consistently elicited movement of the head or body as the unconditioned response (UR).  For two days, the US …

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Costs Of Reproduction In The Terrestrial Isopod Porcellio Laevis Latreille (Isopoda: Oniscidea): Brood-Bearing And Locomotion, Scott Kight Jan 2002

Costs Of Reproduction In The Terrestrial Isopod Porcellio Laevis Latreille (Isopoda: Oniscidea): Brood-Bearing And Locomotion, Scott Kight

Scott Kight

Female terrestrial isopods carry eggs and young throughout early development, a habit that places constraints on reproductive success. One such constraint is impaired locomotion during the brooding period. Brooding and non-brooding females were subjected to a negative-phototaxis experiment in which females moved away from a light source along a graduated surface. In both groups, velocity was positively and significantly correlated with distance traveled. Velocity and distance were also significantly associated with the physical dimensions of the exoskelton: larger females moved greater distances at faster speeds. Non-brooding females, however, moved significantly farther at significantly greater velocities than brooding females, suggesting that …

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Animal Problems/People Skills: Emotional And Interactional Strategies In Humane Education., Leslie Irvine Dec 2001

Animal Problems/People Skills: Emotional And Interactional Strategies In Humane Education., Leslie Irvine

Leslie Irvine, PhD

Recent changes in the organizational culture of nonhuman animal sheltering, coupled with attitudes that are more progressive toward companion animals, have made shelters into resources rather than last resorts. Consequently, shelter workers need the “people skills” to communicate to a public that urgently needs accurate information about animal behavior and training. This poses a difficulty for workers drawn to working with animals but who find themselves working with people. Based on participant observation and informed by social psychology and the sociology of emotions, this study articulates three primary dimensions of shelter workers’ interactions with clients: (a) Narrative Knowing, (b) Emotion …

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Temperature-Dependent Parental Investment In The Giant Waterbug Belostoma Flumineum (Heteroptera: Belostomatidae), Scott Kight Dec 1999

Temperature-Dependent Parental Investment In The Giant Waterbug Belostoma Flumineum (Heteroptera: Belostomatidae), Scott Kight

Scott Kight

We examined the effects of ambient temperature on the brooding behavior of male waterbugs, Belostoma flumineum Say. Male waterbugs are more likely to prematurely terminate care for small egg-pads than for larger egg-pads. Because embryogenesis and breeding season are both associated with ambient temperature, males in warmer environments may respond differently than those in cooler conditions. We studied the effects of temperature on male parental behavior by housing groups of completely and partially egg-encumbered males under different thermal regimes. Completely encumbered males rarely discarded egg-pads, regardless of ambient temperature. Partially encumbered males housed under warm ambient temperatures, however, were signiÞcantly …

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Precocene Ii Modifies Maternal Responsiveness In The Burrower Bug, Sehirus Cinctus (Heteroptera)., Scott Kight Dec 1997

Precocene Ii Modifies Maternal Responsiveness In The Burrower Bug, Sehirus Cinctus (Heteroptera)., Scott Kight

Scott Kight

The anti‐Juvenile Hormone agent precocene II was used to investigate the relationship of corpora allata activity to subsocial behaviour in a burrower bug Sehirus cinctus Palisot (Heteroptera: Cydnidae). Egg‐brooding females treated with a range of dosages of precocene II exhibited reliably depressed maternal defensive behaviour when treated with at least 70 μg of precocene II, but attraction to eggs was only depressed at higher dosages. This effect was not due to precocene II toxicity, as demonstrated by the prevention of depression effects through simultaneous treatments of precocene II and the Juvenile Hormone analogue methoprene. Methoprene, however, failed to reinstate maternal …

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Factors Influencing Maternal Behaviour In A Burrower Bug, Sehirus Cinctus (Heteroptera: Cydnidae), Scott Kight Dec 1996

Factors Influencing Maternal Behaviour In A Burrower Bug, Sehirus Cinctus (Heteroptera: Cydnidae), Scott Kight

Scott Kight

Female burrower bugs, Sehirus cinctus (Cydnidae), brood and provision their young. This study provides an integrative approach to insect parental behaviour by examining the influence of maternal experience on the maintenance and termination of maternal care. Intensity of care (maternal responsivity) was determined by assaying a subject’s response to tactile disturbance and by measuring time spent in proximity to young. First-brood mothers were highly responsive until 3 days after their eggs hatched. Second-brood mothers, however, were only responsive until 1–2 days post-hatching. This effect was associated with differences in age and parity, but not experience, because …

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Concaveation And Maintenance Of Maternal Behavior In A Burrower Bug (Sehirus Cinctus): A Comparative Perspective, Scott Kight Dec 1995

Concaveation And Maintenance Of Maternal Behavior In A Burrower Bug (Sehirus Cinctus): A Comparative Perspective, Scott Kight

Scott Kight

This study investigates 2 patterns of maternal behavior typical of mammals, using a heterop- teran insect as the study animal. Sehirus cinctus, a burrower bug (Heteroptera: Cydnidae), exhibits relatively well-developed maternal behavior that includes guarding eggs and provi- sioning offspring. Mothers remained maternally responsive to stimulus eggs for 24-48 hr following removal of their own eggs, but the response grew weaker with longer separation times. A proportion of nulliparous females also exhibited maternal responsiveness when presented with stimulus eggs. Males, however, never responded parentally to eggs. The results of this study highlight similarities in general female responsiveness to stimulus young …

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Review: Tom Regan, All That Dwell Therein: Essays On Animal Rights And Environmental Ethics, Michael Pritchard Dec 1982

Review: Tom Regan, All That Dwell Therein: Essays On Animal Rights And Environmental Ethics, Michael Pritchard

Michael Pritchard

No abstract available.

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