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Articles 121 - 150 of 152
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
An Opposing Self, Christine M. Gamache
An Opposing Self, Christine M. Gamache
Master's Theses, Dissertations, Graduate Research and Major Papers Overview
People have always been both frightened and fascinated by the unknown, and themes touching on the existence of things beyond human understanding have longevity in the literary arena as well as in popular culture. One such theme is that of the doppelgänger, or double, which has been around for centuries but was first made popular by Jean-Paul’s (Johann Paul Friedrich Richter) work Hesperus in 1795. Due to a resurgence in the nineteenth century in the popularity of Gothic literature, doppelgängers, or variations of this double motif, found their way into some of the most famous works of literature …
Attachment Styles And Anorexia Nervosa: A Literature Review, Lauren Battaglia, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry
Attachment Styles And Anorexia Nervosa: A Literature Review, Lauren Battaglia, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry
Modern Psychological Studies
Anorexia nervosa affects about 1.8 million women in the United States of America. Aside from the direct effects of the disorder, which includes detrimental weight loss, there are a number of related physical effects that are strongly correlated, some of which can be fatal (Birmingham & Treasure, 2010). Research on the etiologies of the disorder has indicated numerous factors ranging from neurobiological to psychological to social. In this paper we focus on the link between parent-child attachment styles and anorexia nervosa. In particular, parental care, connectedness, and control are examined. We also explore the mediating variables (e.g., core beliefs and …
The Changing Nature Of Friendships Over The Lifespan, Emily Pica, Karri Verno
The Changing Nature Of Friendships Over The Lifespan, Emily Pica, Karri Verno
Modern Psychological Studies
The current study examined differences in friendships between younger adults and older adults. One hundred and fifty eight participants completed various measures, which examined the importance of specific friendship qualities. Peer nominations were used to examine the number of close friends, with an additional component added to assess proximity of one's closest friends. Results indicated that both demographic variables and proximity of equal importance for both younger adults and older adults. Results also indicated that both cohorts chose friends close to their own ages. The researchers conclude there are few cohort differences in what younger and older adults value in …
The Art Of Work Autonomy: A Test Of Its Influence On Job Embeddedness, Qian Jiang, Chris W. Wright, Amy Smith
The Art Of Work Autonomy: A Test Of Its Influence On Job Embeddedness, Qian Jiang, Chris W. Wright, Amy Smith
Modern Psychological Studies
Mitchell, Holtom, Lee, Sablynski, and Erez (2001) demonstrated that Job Embeddedness is connected to intent to leave and voluntary turnover in employment. Previous researchers have also found that Work Autonomy predicts variables similar to Job Embeddedness (Mitchell et al., 2001). We investigated the factors that impact why people stay at their jobs by examining the relationship between Work Autonomy and Job Embeddedness. Data from 190 currently or previously employed participants were collected. As hypothesized, Work Autonomy was strongly correlated with on/off-the-job fit, on/off-the job sacrifice, on-the-job links and overall Job Embeddedness. However it was not correlated with off-the-job links. Implications …
Perceptions Of Social Decisions Made By Individuals Of Different Ages, Roberta Sutton, Lisa S. Wagner, Kathleen E. Cook
Perceptions Of Social Decisions Made By Individuals Of Different Ages, Roberta Sutton, Lisa S. Wagner, Kathleen E. Cook
Modern Psychological Studies
This study examines the perceptions that individuals have about the social decisions of others and the role that age plays in these perceptions. In this study, older and young adults read a vignette in which Clare (either 80 or 20-years-old) chose a social partner (either close friend or new acquaintance). Older adults rated Older Clare more favorably when she chose a close relationship and they rated Younger Clare more favorably when she chose the new experience. Young adults showed more mixed results. Unlike older adults, young adults rated Older Clare more favorably when she chose the new experience rather than …
An Investigation Of Gender, Perceived Gender-Barriers To A Future Occupation, And Academic Achievement Among Delinquent Adolescents, Lee A. Hand, Hilary M. Anton-Stang, Zena R. Mello
An Investigation Of Gender, Perceived Gender-Barriers To A Future Occupation, And Academic Achievement Among Delinquent Adolescents, Lee A. Hand, Hilary M. Anton-Stang, Zena R. Mello
Modern Psychological Studies
The current study assesses perceptions of gender-related barriers to a future occupation and its association with academic achievement among delinquent adolescents aged 12-19 years old. It was hypothesized that the perception of gender related barriers to a future occupation would have similar effects on male and female adolescents' academic achievement. Data included self-reported perceived barriers to a future occupation and academic achievement. Results indicated that females and males reported similar amounts of perceived barriers to a future occupation. Regression analysis indicated the relationship between perceived barriers and academic achievement varied across gender. For males, more perceived gender-barriers were associated with …
The Challenges In The Transition To Adulthood For Foster Care Youth: A Literature Review, Megan Steffe, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry
The Challenges In The Transition To Adulthood For Foster Care Youth: A Literature Review, Megan Steffe, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry
Modern Psychological Studies
The years of emerging adulthood are oftentimes filled with both happiness and anxiety while youth move toward adult roles and responsibilities. According to Courtney and Dworsky (2006), a subset of American emerging adults, those who are transitioning out of foster care face greater vulnerability than do their peers in the general population in a number of issues. As a result, this paper reviewed the literature on the challenges faced by these former foster youth, namely relationships, well-being, substance use, education, employment and finances. Limitations of this extant research are noted along with directions in future research on programs designed to …
Self-Handicapping Mediates Between Impulsiveness And Self-Discipline, Jessica M. Mckinney, Kyle D. Maxwell, Richard L. Metzger
Self-Handicapping Mediates Between Impulsiveness And Self-Discipline, Jessica M. Mckinney, Kyle D. Maxwell, Richard L. Metzger
Modern Psychological Studies
Self-handicapping, while not a very acknowledged tendency, is very prevalent today. Especially among students of any grade level, the behavior prevents many from reaching their full potential. The purpose of this experiment was to see how Selfhandicapping mediated between Impulsiveness and Self-discipline which can later be used by teachers to help students with this phenomenon. A short survey was given to psychology undergraduate students at the University of Tennessee-Chattanooga whose age ranged from 18-44 and were predominantly Caucasian. Self-handicapping was found to mediate between Impulsiveness and Self-discipline (r = .512) compared to Impulsiveness and Self-discipline (r= .288) without using self-handicapping …
Associations Between The Peer Group And Sex-Role Orientations Among College-Age Men, Daniel L. King, Preston R. Bost
Associations Between The Peer Group And Sex-Role Orientations Among College-Age Men, Daniel L. King, Preston R. Bost
Modern Psychological Studies
Because research has identified that sex role orientation is flexible in response to environmental factors such as the peer group, the current study attempted to investigate whether sex-role orientation varies as a function of the peer group, operationalized by the type of institution (single-sex vs. co-educational) one attends. Using the Bern Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) as a measure of sexrole endorsement, researchers sampled male participants attending a small, single-sex, Mid-western liberal arts institution and male participants from a small, co-educational, Mid-western liberal arts institution. Sex-role orientations were differently distributed at the two institutions. Specifically, more masculine individuals were observed at …
Smiley Face Symbols: Students' Reactions As A Function Of A Professor's Request To Meet, Alyssa A. Radford
Smiley Face Symbols: Students' Reactions As A Function Of A Professor's Request To Meet, Alyssa A. Radford
Modern Psychological Studies
The college years are a period during which students transition from a parent-oriented environment to one in which they take greater responsibility for their personal and social development. Nonetheless, parents remain a lasting influence on children during these years. Attachment theorists have examined the degree to which attachment history with parents influences ones later interpersonal relationships and perceptions of others. For example, college students' attachment styles influence how they interpret a professor's request to meet (Perrine & King, 2004). The present research examined how securely and insecurely attached students differ in their reactions to a professor's written request to meet …
Physiological Reactions To Uncanny Stimuli: Substantiation Of Self-Assessment And Individual Perception, Tatiana Ballion
Physiological Reactions To Uncanny Stimuli: Substantiation Of Self-Assessment And Individual Perception, Tatiana Ballion
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
There is abundant anecdotal evidence substantiating Mori’s initial observation of the "uncanny valley", a point at which human response to non-human entities drops sharply with respect to comfort (Mori, 1970), and the construct itself has a long-standing history in both Robotics and Psychology. Currently, many fields such as design, training, entertainment, and education make use of heuristic approaches to accommodate the anticipated needs of the user/consumer/audience in certain important aspects. This is due to the lack of empirical substantiation or, in some cases, the impossibility of rigorous quantification; one such area is with respect to the user’s experience of uncanniness, …
Practical Wisdom: A Review Of Foundations Of Ethical Practice, Research, And Teaching In Psychology And Counseling, Fatima A. Cotton
Practical Wisdom: A Review Of Foundations Of Ethical Practice, Research, And Teaching In Psychology And Counseling, Fatima A. Cotton
The Qualitative Report
In Karen Strohm Kitchener and Sharon K. Anderson’s Foundations of Ethical Practice, Research, and Teaching in Psychology and Counseling (2011) they use the term practical wisdom or prudence as a way to make right decisions in real life situation. The authors lay the foundation for conceptually dealing with ethical problems for psychologists, counselors, students, and trainees. The book is in two parts. In the first six chapters, the authors focus on the foundations of ethical reasoning. The next part focuses on the ethical issues psychologists and counselors are confronted with in their roles.
In The Mind Of The Predator: The Possibility Of Psychological Distress In The Drone Pilot Community, Matthew S. Lowe, James T. Gire
In The Mind Of The Predator: The Possibility Of Psychological Distress In The Drone Pilot Community, Matthew S. Lowe, James T. Gire
Modern Psychological Studies
In light of the increasing use of Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA), commonly known as drones, and the equally increasing prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among U.S. veterans of recent wars, this study investigated the possible effects of piloting a drone aircraft and PTSD. Using a simulated drone aircraft in a computer game, the results showed that participants who simulated a drone attack and viewed the post-drone attack video reported significantly higher distress than those who viewed only the post-drone attack video. Females also showed higher distress levels than males. These results suggest the potential risks of psychological trauma even …
An Analysis Of The Self-Reported Ethical Competencies Of School Psychologists Across The Continuum Of Professional Development, Laura Williams Monahon
An Analysis Of The Self-Reported Ethical Competencies Of School Psychologists Across The Continuum Of Professional Development, Laura Williams Monahon
PCOM Psychology Dissertations
School psychologists have a responsibility to be knowledgeable about and sensitive to the ethical principles and guidelines of professional conduct. This study sought to determine if there is a relationship between gender, race, age, dates and types of ethics training, number of years of experience, types of credentials and membership in professional school psychology organizations and school psychologists' knowledge and self-perceived skills regarding ethical practices in school psychology. School psychology graduate students and practicing school psychologists were invited to complete a survey that assessed their knowledge of ethical principles. Data also were collected regarding ethics training and ethical problem-solving practices. …
Interpersonal Difficulty, Affective Problems, And Ineffectiveness As Predictors Of Eating Disordered Attitudes And Behavior, Paige L. Marmer
Interpersonal Difficulty, Affective Problems, And Ineffectiveness As Predictors Of Eating Disordered Attitudes And Behavior, Paige L. Marmer
PCOM Psychology Dissertations
The goal of this study was to better understand the relationships between psychological variables (i.e., interpersonal problems, affective problems, and ineffectiveness) and factors (i.e., previous hospitalizations, self-harm, and length of stay) related to disordered eating. A set of psychological variables and ED-related symptoms from the EDI-3 were examined within an inpatient eating disorder treatment center. Data were analyzed from an existing dataset consisting of 1,331 female participants, ranging in age from 14-65. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to test the hypothesis that the independent variables would predict ED-related symptoms (i.e., bulimia, body dissatisfaction, and drive for thinness). Regression models …
Beyond The Black Horizon, Aaron Bruce
Beyond The Black Horizon, Aaron Bruce
Master's Theses, Dissertations, Graduate Research and Major Papers Overview
Although U.S. colleges and universities continue to discuss creative ways to increase the number of African American collegians participating in study abroad, this research is limited when revealing the unique perspectives of African American collegians who have studied abroad. Traditionally an emphasis on program success has been placed on the quantity of study abroad participants rather than the quality of African American student support and engagement; the personal reflections through the lens of African American race and identity are often overlooked. A series of culturally responsive, guided interviews were conducted with African American collegians from a variety of institutions across …
How We Seem "To Be": English- And Spanish-Speaking Children's Susceptibility To The Fundamental Attribution Error And Actor-Observer Bias, Mary E. Dixon
Senior Independent Study Theses
No abstract provided.
Climate Change In The Media: Collective Guilt And Behavioral Effects Of News Reports And Environmental Identity, Amanda Koehn
Climate Change In The Media: Collective Guilt And Behavioral Effects Of News Reports And Environmental Identity, Amanda Koehn
Senior Independent Study Theses
No abstract provided.
Motivation, Need Support And Need Satisfaction In Youth Soccer Players, Erica Lippitt
Motivation, Need Support And Need Satisfaction In Youth Soccer Players, Erica Lippitt
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Author's abstract: Physical activity levels and obesity rates vary greatly across ethnic groups in the United States (CDC, 2011). One popular way to increase physical activity levels in youth is through youth sport participation, which may be influenced by athlete motivation. Numerous studies have determined motivation levels in youth sport participants, but very little done in comparing levels across different ethnic groups. Identifying differences in motivation levels based on ethnicity can allow coaches and sport administrators to adjust practices and program setups to increase participation and meet needs of player competence. The purpose of the study was to determine if …
Wholeistic EducationTm, Cerissa Leigh Desrosiers
Wholeistic EducationTm, Cerissa Leigh Desrosiers
Antioch University Full-Text Dissertations & Theses
This dissertation introduces Wholeistic EducationTM (WEDTM), an innovative, values-based, interdisciplinary pro-social theory that is the culmination of centuries of scientific and philosophical learning and exploration about optimal mental health and human development. WED is based on basic human nature and universal human rights, and so it applies to all variations of human society- racial, ethnic, religious, or otherwise. WED is a foundation theory to which any targeted implementation strategy can be applied. It is both a proactive strategy for seeking and maintaining health before a crisis arises in families, schools, and organizations as well as a treatment …
The Ecological Validity Of The Self-Explanation Effect: The Deleterious Effect Of Music On Self-Explanations, Jason Geller, Robert J. Calin-Jageman
The Ecological Validity Of The Self-Explanation Effect: The Deleterious Effect Of Music On Self-Explanations, Jason Geller, Robert J. Calin-Jageman
Modern Psychological Studies
One of the most powerful ways to boost learning is to require students to self-explain—to generate written or verbal explanations of their study material as they are studying. Although self-explaining is known to enhance learning across a wide range of ages and study materials, this empirical work has focused almost exclusively on optimal study conditions. Here we explore if selfexplaining is similarly effective in the presence of background music, a distraction students commonly elect to incorporate into their study routines. In the first study, 32 university students were asked to learn about neuronal action potentials while we varied both self-explaining …
Moti-Faction: Retaining And Engaging Employees Using Motivation Profile-Based Rewards, Gina A. Anderson, Susan Bornstein-Forst
Moti-Faction: Retaining And Engaging Employees Using Motivation Profile-Based Rewards, Gina A. Anderson, Susan Bornstein-Forst
Modern Psychological Studies
Organizations are searching for opportunities to increase job satisfaction, motivation for higher performance, and retaining their top talent. This study explores an assessment tool to aim rewards to individual motivation profiles so that companies can reach their potential. A survey exploring employee's attitudes on these types of rewards and an assessment tool to determine employee's individual motivation profiles was created and tested within a manufacturing corporate office through use of an online survey tool, Survey Monkey. Results showed that motivation profiles are evident and a relationship exists between rewarding based on the motivation profile's reward preferences and employee satisfaction and …
Confirming The Dynamic Model Of Working Memory, Keith Christopher Weitze
Confirming The Dynamic Model Of Working Memory, Keith Christopher Weitze
Modern Psychological Studies
The study of working memory capacity has resulted in a plethora of research that has obsequiously polarized professionals into two groups: one that favors a static model of working memory and the other, a dynamic model of working memory. This paper analyzes three areas related to working memory capacity to help confirm the dynamic model of working memory. A neuroanatomical analysis of an individual's brain undergoing a working memory task illustrates converging brain-centers that process information from multiple modalities, thereby, bolstering the dynamic model. Through a careful consideration of the role of inhibitory control on working memory capacity, an argument …
The Effect Of Music Genre On A Memory Task, Darragh Bugter, Randy Carden
The Effect Of Music Genre On A Memory Task, Darragh Bugter, Randy Carden
Modern Psychological Studies
This study examined the effects of two different music genres and silence on a memory task Sixty participants were randomly assigned to three groups which were exposed to rap music, classical music or silence while playing the Concentration game. The number of flips needed to complete the Concentration game was measured and served as the memory score. Results of a one-way analysis of variance detected a significant difference between the groups. A planned post hoc analysis found that the classical music group completed the Concentration game in significantly fewer flips than the rap group.
How Willing Are We To Lower Our Standards? Mate Preferences As A Function Of Mate Value And Faithfulness History, Laura Loyola, Theresa E. Didonato
How Willing Are We To Lower Our Standards? Mate Preferences As A Function Of Mate Value And Faithfulness History, Laura Loyola, Theresa E. Didonato
Modern Psychological Studies
This study sought to determine how the mate value and revelation of faithfulness history could affect mate preference. It was predicted that faithfulness would be more important over mate value for a long-term relationship, and the opposite would be so for short-term relationships. Using a between-subjects experimental design, participants evaluated a hypothetical partner of high, similar, or low mate value that had a faithful or unfaithful past. Results revealed that people cared most about faithfulness for a long-term relationship when that person also had a similar or high degree of mate value. For short-term relationships people cared more about the …
Developmentally Informed Community Treatment For Adolescents With Problem Sexual Behavior, Janet Lyons Walker
Developmentally Informed Community Treatment For Adolescents With Problem Sexual Behavior, Janet Lyons Walker
Antioch University Full-Text Dissertations & Theses
The sexual abuse of children often results in profound intrapersonal and interpersonal dysfunction or difficulties for the victims. In 2010, sexual assault was perpetrated upon more than 63,000 children in the United States, and in more than 35% of those incidents, adolescents were the perpetrators. Research suggests that adolescents with problem sexual behavior act from their own vulnerabilities. Understanding the developmental seeds and pathways that become etiological factors in the commission of sexual assaults against children is only one important step in a mission to protect them. The treatment that emerges from a comprehensive understanding of adaptive and maladaptive adolescent …
The Impact Of Minority Faith On The Experience Of Mental Health Services: The Perspectives Of Devotees Of Earth Religions, Alison Niblick
The Impact Of Minority Faith On The Experience Of Mental Health Services: The Perspectives Of Devotees Of Earth Religions, Alison Niblick
Browse all Theses and Dissertations
In response to an identified need in the psychological literature for research on minority religion, especially earth-centered religion, this dissertation was developed to 1) present an overview of the three main branches of contemporary earth religion, 2) illuminate the realities of minority religious identity in the United States of America, 3) collect data regarding the demographic and identity variables of devotees of earth centered religion, and 4) solicit feedback from the earth religious community regarding its understanding of psychological distress, preferred ways of coping with distress, and perceptions and experiences of professional mental health services. A total of 64 self-identified …
Adolescent Males' Similarity, Emotional Safety, And Change In Strengths-Based Programming, Wendy Elaine Viola
Adolescent Males' Similarity, Emotional Safety, And Change In Strengths-Based Programming, Wendy Elaine Viola
Dissertations and Theses
In recent decades, the use of strengths-based approaches has become increasingly popular in youth intervention and prevention programs (Maton et al., 2004), which emphasize creating emotionally safe environments through the process of relational community building (Maton, 2000). However, relatively little is known about the relationship between group composition, specifically similarity between group members, and emotional safety and program efficacy. This thesis examines the relationship between adolescent males' similarity to their peers in terms of their demographic profiles and behaviors and belief systems, experiences of emotional safety, and changing behaviors and belief systems in a strengths-based intervention program within Ohio juvenile …
Psychology Library Guide, Mary Wilson
Psychology Library Guide, Mary Wilson
Mary Wilson
This library guide provides Kennesaw State University students assistance on researching issues in psychology using the resources of the Sturgis Library.