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Articles 31 - 55 of 55
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Review Of Janet C. E. Watson (2002) The Phonology And Morphology Of Arabic, John J. Mccarthy
Review Of Janet C. E. Watson (2002) The Phonology And Morphology Of Arabic, John J. Mccarthy
Linguistics Department Faculty Publication Series
No abstract provided.
Guard Labor: An Essay In Honor Of Pranab Bardhan, Samuel Bowles, Arjun Jayadev
Guard Labor: An Essay In Honor Of Pranab Bardhan, Samuel Bowles, Arjun Jayadev
Economics Department Working Paper Series
No abstract provided.
Separate And Unequal: The Effect Of Unequal Access To Employment-Based Health Insurance On Gay, Lesbian, And Bisexual People, Michael A. Ash, Lee Badgett
Separate And Unequal: The Effect Of Unequal Access To Employment-Based Health Insurance On Gay, Lesbian, And Bisexual People, Michael A. Ash, Lee Badgett
Economics Department Working Paper Series
Employers’ standard practice of including legal spouses in health insurance is likely to place people in unmarried couples at a significant disadvantage for obtaining coverage. Data from married and unmarried couples in the Current Population Survey confirm that people with unmarried partners are two to three times more likely to lack health insurance than are people in married couples, even after controlling for factors that influence coverage. A requirement to provide the same benefits for partners as are provided to spouses would reduce the proportion of uninsured people in same-sex couples and different-sex couples by as much as 50%. We …
Steindlian Models Of Growth And Stagnation, Peter Flaschel, Peter Skott
Steindlian Models Of Growth And Stagnation, Peter Flaschel, Peter Skott
Economics Department Working Paper Series
Following an analysis of the relation between a standard Steindlian model of stagnation and Steindl’s own analysis, we modify the standard model by introducing endogenous changes in the markup and a reformulation of the investment function. These extensions, which address significant weaknesses of the standard model, find support in Steindl’s writing and leave intact some of Steindl’s key results. In a further extension, we add a labour market and analyse the stabilizing influence of a Marxian reserve-army mechanism. The implications of the extended model for the effects of increased oligopolization are largely in line with Steindl’s predictions.
Aid, Conditionality, And War Economies, James K. Boyce
Aid, Conditionality, And War Economies, James K. Boyce
Economics Department Working Paper Series
When natural resource revenues provide an important motive and/or means for armed conflict, the transition from war peace faces three challenges: (i) ensuring that the benefits and costs of natural resource exploitation are distributed so as to ease rather than exacerbate social tensions; (ii) channeling revenues to peaceful and productive purposes; and (iii) promoting accountability and transparency in natural resource management. Aid conditionality can help to address these challenges provided that three prerequisites are met: (i) there are domestic parties with sufficient authority and legitimacy to strike and implement aid-for-peace bargains; (ii) donor governments and agencies make peace their top …
The Current Non-Status Of General Equilibrium Theory, Donald W. Katzner
The Current Non-Status Of General Equilibrium Theory, Donald W. Katzner
Economics Department Working Paper Series
This paper argues that the abandonment of general equilibrium theory by microeconomists was a mistake. It provides counter arguments to two of the reasons for that abandonment — lack of both generality and consistency with methodological individualism in uniqueness and stability analysis of equilibria — and urges microeconomists to refocus some of their attention on it.
Female Land Rights And Rural Household Incomes In Brazil, Paraguay And Peru, Carmen Diana Deere, Rosa Luz Durán, Merrilee Mardon, Tom Masterson
Female Land Rights And Rural Household Incomes In Brazil, Paraguay And Peru, Carmen Diana Deere, Rosa Luz Durán, Merrilee Mardon, Tom Masterson
Economics Department Working Paper Series
This paper explores the determinants of female land rights and their impact on household income levels among owner-operated farms in Brazil, Paraguay and Peru. Previous studies in Latin America suggest that the gender of the household head is not a significant predictor of household income, not unsurprising given the ambiguities with which self-declared headship is associated. We hypothesize that female land rights, by increasing women’s options, are a positive determinant of household income, but given the disadvantages that they face as farmers, that their land rights will more likely impact upon off-farm rather than farm income. Regression analysis indicates that …
Fairness As A Source Of Hysteresis In Employment And Relative Wages, Peter Skott
Fairness As A Source Of Hysteresis In Employment And Relative Wages, Peter Skott
Economics Department Working Paper Series
This paper analyses the inlfuence of norms of fairness on wage formation. Fairness is defined by 'real-wage' and 'relative-wage' norms that relate wage offers to workers' own current wage and to the wages of other groups of workers, and, to avoil shirking, firms pay their wages. The wage norms change endogenously, and the result is hysteresis with respect to both employment and the distribution of wages. An extention of the model that allows 'induced overeducation' may help explain trends in wage inequality.
By What Measure? Family Time Devoted To Children In The U.S., Nancy Folbre, Jayoung Yoon, Kade Finnoff, Allison Sidle Fuligni
By What Measure? Family Time Devoted To Children In The U.S., Nancy Folbre, Jayoung Yoon, Kade Finnoff, Allison Sidle Fuligni
Economics Department Working Paper Series
We argue that previous research on time devoted to child care has devoted insufficient attention to the definition and conceptualization of care time. Three separate problems are evident. First, the conventional focus on explicit activities with children distracts attention from the larger responsibilities of “passive” care, which ranges from time when children are sleeping to time when they are in the same room but not engaged in an activity with parents. Second, empirical analysis of activity time focuses almost exclusively on parents, overlooking the role of relatives such as grandmothers and siblings. Third, measurement of active care time typically ignores …
Ideological State Apparatuses, Consumerism, And U.S. Capitalism: Lessons For The Left, Richard D. Wolff
Ideological State Apparatuses, Consumerism, And U.S. Capitalism: Lessons For The Left, Richard D. Wolff
Economics Department Working Paper Series
Althusser’s pioneering concept of “ideological state apparatuses” is extended to the unique role of consumerism as a particular ideology enabling and supporting U.S. capitalism. It is argued that rising levels of worker consumption have functioned effectively to compensate workers for (and thereby allow) rising rates of exploitation and their negative social effects. For such compensation to succeed requires that workers embrace an ideology stressing the importance of consumption, namely consumerism. It is argued that the weakness of the US left (in labor unions, parties, and movements) stems in part from having endorsed this consumerism rather than undermining it within the …
Mythical Ages And Methodological Strictures — Joan Robinson’S Contributions To The Theory Of Economic Growth, Peter Skott
Mythical Ages And Methodological Strictures — Joan Robinson’S Contributions To The Theory Of Economic Growth, Peter Skott
Economics Department Working Paper Series
This paper considers some methodological aspects of Joan Robinson’s contribution to post-Keynesian growth theory. Joan Robinson’s criticisms of equilibrium analysis, of the conflation of logical and historical time and of the uses (and misuses) of mathematical formalisation are scathing. But while many of her points are well taken, parts of her argument appear questionable. As a result, her methodological critique of equilibrium economics may be misleading. Moreover, she failed to appreciate the potential gains from mathematical formalisation. The further development of a Robinsonian analysis of economic growth calls for a reconsideration of these aspects of her legacy.
Election Campaigns, Agenda Setting And Electoral Outcomes, Manfred J. Holler, Peter Skott
Election Campaigns, Agenda Setting And Electoral Outcomes, Manfred J. Holler, Peter Skott
Economics Department Working Paper Series
Framing effects and bounded rationality imply that election campaigns may be an important determinant of election outcomes. This paper uses a two-party setting and simple game theoretic models to analyse the strategic interaction between the parties’ campaign decisions. Alternations of power emerge naturally, even if both electoral preferences and party positions remain constant.
The Blessing Of Commons: Small Scale Fisheries, Community Property Rights, And Coastal Natural Assets, John Kurien
The Blessing Of Commons: Small Scale Fisheries, Community Property Rights, And Coastal Natural Assets, John Kurien
PERI Working Papers
Following the influential article of Garrett Hardin titled ‘tragedy of the commons,’ it is part of both popular and scholarly belief that unless natural resources are strictly in the domain of private or state property, their fate is inevitable ruin. Closer examination of the actions of lowincome communities who depend on natural resources for their daily livelihoods has recently brought to the fore a more positive view about human proclivity for caring and nurturing common resources found in nature (Hardin 1968).
Natural And Cultural Assets And Participatory Forest Management In West Africa, Kojo Sebastian Amanor
Natural And Cultural Assets And Participatory Forest Management In West Africa, Kojo Sebastian Amanor
PERI Working Papers
This chapter explores the ways in which concepts of 'community' and 'environmental crisis' are constructed and implemented in contemporary forest policy in West Africa and the implications of these policies for the relationships among people, their production, and the environment. It argues that many West African communities have interacted with the environment in ways that have enhanced the natural resource base. A forestry strategy rooted in a conception of building natural assets – rather than in protecting a threatened and ostensibly pristine nature from human intervention, as characterizes much environmental thinking – can meet the objectives of reducing poverty and …
Exploring The Demographic Factors Affecting Passage Of Living Wage Ordinances, Oren M. Levin-Waldman
Exploring The Demographic Factors Affecting Passage Of Living Wage Ordinances, Oren M. Levin-Waldman
PERI Working Papers
In this paper, I examine some of those features on the basis of data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) by comparing cities that passed ordinances to those that did not. What I intend to show is the following: cities with certain demographics, particularly higher concentrations of immigrants from south of the American border, lower levels of educational attainment, more people in low wage industries, and higher rates of income inequality, appear to be more likely to pass living wage ordinances than those cities that do not have these demographics. This, of course, would raise the further question of what …
Elements Of An Employment Framework For Poverty Reduction In Ghana, James Heintz
Elements Of An Employment Framework For Poverty Reduction In Ghana, James Heintz
PERI Working Papers
The study found that, unlike many other Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs), the GPRS presents employment as a core objective of the policy framework. In formulating and implementing the GPRS, the Government of Ghana has already established a solid foundation of employment-targeted programmes. However, despite this foundation, the employment content of the GPRS must be strengthened across a number of dimensions if sustainable poverty reduction is to be achieved. Specifically, an integrated employment framework for poverty reduction should be developed as part of the revision process for the GPRS.
Capital Inflows, Policy Responses, And Their Ill Consequences: Thailand, Malaysia, And Indonesia In The Decade Before The Crises, Clara García
PERI Working Papers
Capital inflows, especially when volatile, denominated in foreign currencies and not properly hedged against exchange rate risks, may pose macroeconomic and financial problems in the recipient economy. In this paper we analyze the mechanisms through which those problems arise; and we assess the policies that national authorities may resort to in order to prevent them, under the assumption that capital inflows are the result of previous stabilization and liberalization packages. Also, we study the use and effectiveness of policy responses to capital inflows in Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia in the years prior to the 1997-98 financial crises. We conclude that …
The Economic Impact Of Living Wage Ordinances, Mark D. Brenner
The Economic Impact Of Living Wage Ordinances, Mark D. Brenner
PERI Working Papers
Drawing upon both prospective and retrospective evidence, this paper reviews the economic effects of local living wage ordinances. I concentrate my attention on the higher costs these measures create for covered firms, as well as their budgetary implications vis-à-vis cities that adopt them. I also briefly review the effect that living wage laws have had on bidding environment for city service contracts. Based on a range of cost estimates associated with living wage laws, I then examine the adjustment channels firms are likely to pursue when adjusting to higher labor costs, including: raising prices; increasing firm productivity; redistributing income within …
Another Distortion Of Adam Smith: The Case Of The "Invisible Hand", Michael Meeropol
Another Distortion Of Adam Smith: The Case Of The "Invisible Hand", Michael Meeropol
PERI Working Papers
This paper addresses a major omission in the way textbook writers and journalists utilize Adam Smith’s concept of the “invisible hand” to make Adam Smith an intellectual precursor of modern neo-liberal economic policy. Specifically, the paper addresses the use of the concept of the “invisible hand” by Adam Smith to address two major issues in the debate over neo-liberal policy: the international flow of capital and its role in the location of investment projects and the inequality in the distribution of income that might result from certain policies. The neo-liberal mantra about Adam Smith’s invisible hand asserts that so long …
Enforcing Transferable Permit Systems In The Presence Of Transaction Costs, Carlos A. Chavez, John K. Stranlund
Enforcing Transferable Permit Systems In The Presence Of Transaction Costs, Carlos A. Chavez, John K. Stranlund
PERI Working Papers
In this paper we examine the impacts of transaction costs on enforcing a transferable emissions permit system. We derive an enforcement strategy with a self-reporting requirement that achieves complete compliance in a cost-effective manner. In the absence of transaction costs targeted enforcement—the practice of monitoring some firms more closely than others—is neither necessary nor desirable. In the presence of constant marginal transaction costs, buyers of permits should be monitored more closely than sellers, but within groups of buyers and sellers monitoring should be uniform. When marginal transaction costs are not constant, effective monitoring will depend on whether a firm is …
Attitudes Towards Alternative Management Policies For Public Recreation Lands, Mihail Samnaliev, Thomas Stevens, Thomas More
Attitudes Towards Alternative Management Policies For Public Recreation Lands, Mihail Samnaliev, Thomas Stevens, Thomas More
PERI Working Papers
Public recreation land management agencies have been searching for ways to increase revenue. User fees as implemented by the Fee Demonstration Program have received the most attention. Corporate sponsorships and private donations have also been implemented and other options, such as partial privatization, closure of some areas, and different forms of public-private partnerships have been debated. The present paper reports results from a 2002 mail survey of randomly selected Idaho and New Hampshire households, designed to elicit public attitudes about a wide variety of management policies for public (federal/state) recreation lands. The most socially acceptable forms for raising revenue were …
Emulation, Inequality, And Work Hours: Was Thorsten Veblen Right?, Samuel Bowles, Yongjin Park
Emulation, Inequality, And Work Hours: Was Thorsten Veblen Right?, Samuel Bowles, Yongjin Park
Economics Department Working Paper Series
We investigate Veblen effects on work hours, namely the way that a desire to emulate the consumption standards of the rich induces longer work hours among the rest. Consistent with our model of these asymmetric social comparisons, greater inequality predicts longer work hours in ten OECD countries over the period 1963-1998. The country fixed effects estimates of the impact of inequality on hours are large, robust, and cannot be explained by conventional incentive effects. In the presence of Veblen effects, a social welfare optimum cannot be implemented by a flat tax on consumption but may be accomplished by progressive consumption …
Green And Brown? Globalization And The Environment, James K. Boyce
Green And Brown? Globalization And The Environment, James K. Boyce
Economics Department Working Paper Series
Globalization – viewed as a process of economic integration that embraces governance as well as markets – could lead to worldwide convergence toward higher or lower environmental quality, or to environmental polarization in which the ‘greening’ of the global North is accompanied by the ‘browning’ of the global South. The outcome will not be dictated by an inexorable logic. Rather it will depend on how the opportunities created by globalization alter balances of power within countries and among them.
Economic Explanation, Ordinality And The Adequacy Of Analytic Specification, Donald W. Katzner, Peter Skott
Economic Explanation, Ordinality And The Adequacy Of Analytic Specification, Donald W. Katzner, Peter Skott
Economics Department Working Paper Series
This paper examines the implicit links between models containing ordinal variables and their underlying unquantified counterparts that are necessary to make the former viable theoretical constructions. It is argued that when the underlying unquantified structure is unknown, the permissible transformations of scale applicable to the ordinal variables have to be restricted beyond that which is permitted by dint of the ordinality itself. The possibility of an underlying structure being known but unspecified is also considered. In the case of the efficiency wage model, the only usable transformations of the ordinal effort scale are those which are multiples of each other.
Permaculture At Umass-Amherst: Garden Share Project, Madeleine Charney
Permaculture At Umass-Amherst: Garden Share Project, Madeleine Charney
University Libraries Publication Series
Student-run project at UMass-Amherst which highlights the value of growing and eating local and organic foods.