Social and Behavioral Sciences | Open Access Articles

It Is Time To Tackle Aspect! Some Insights To Help Clear Up The Tense/Aspect Mystery, Andreas Schramm

Andreas Schramm

In this article, Dr. Andreas Schramm draws on the research of his graduate students, colleagues,

and from his own recent sabbatical to describe what makes the tense-aspect system in English

notoriously challenging to teach and learn, and to show that it can nonetheless be explicitly

taught. Drawing from his experience as an English learner and one-time English teacher in

training, he shares anecdotes and practical tips to help English as a Second and Foreign

Language teachers unpack the meaning of tense and aspect for their learners.

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Unpacking A Political Icon: ‘Bike Lanes’ And Orders Of Indexicality, Michael Miller Yoder, Barbara Johnstone

Barbara Johnstone

Indexicality, the ability of language to evoke the context in which it usually occurs, is a concept

commonly drawn upon in sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology. This article applies the

framework of orders of indexicality to political discourse about a controversial topic in Pittsburgh,

United States, the construction of bike lanes. A concordance analysis of the term bike lanes in

news media, blogs and online news comments demonstrates variation in indexical meanings of

bike lanes between those who oppose and those who support them.We argue that the

orders of indexicality approach help explain how groups with different interests can reinforce or …

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Enregistering Dialect, Barbara Johnstone

Barbara Johnstone

No abstract provided.

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Exploring Authority In Linguistics Research: Who To Trust When Everyone’S A Language Expert, Catherine Baird, Jonathan Howell

Catherine Baird

Many instruction librarians use the CRAAP test or a similar pneumonic tool as a regular activity in information literacy instruction classes. This involves having the students in the class select one or more sources and instructing them to answer a series of questions about these sources, as prompted by a simple checklist. Is the selected source Current, Relevant, Authoritative, Accurate and What is its Purpose? The goal is to help the students ascertain whether or not they should select this source and use it for an assignment. On occasion, a student will raise a hand and ask a simple question: …

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Exploring Authority In Linguistics Research: Who To Trust When Everyone’S A Language Expert, Catherine Baird, Jonathan Howell

Jonathan Howell

Many instruction librarians use the CRAAP test or a similar pneumonic tool as a regular activity in information literacy instruction classes. This involves having the students in the class select one or more sources and instructing them to answer a series of questions about these sources, as prompted by a simple checklist. Is the selected source Current, Relevant, Authoritative, Accurate and What is its Purpose? The goal is to help the students ascertain whether or not they should select this source and use it for an assignment. On occasion, a student will raise a hand and ask a simple question: …

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Acoustic Classification Of Focus: On The Web And In The Lab, Jonathan Howell, Mats Rooth, Michael Wagner

Jonathan Howell

We present a new methodological approach which combines both naturally-occurring speech harvested on the web and speech data elicited in the laboratory. This proof-of-concept study examines the phenomenon of focus sensitivity in English, in which the interpretation of particular grammatical constructions (e.g., the comparative) is sensitive to the location of prosodic prominence. Machine learning algorithms (support vector machines and linear discriminant analysis) and human perception experiments are used to cross-validate the web-harvested and lab-elicited speech. Results con rm the theoretical predictions for location of prominence in comparative clauses and the advantages using both web-harvested and lab-elicited speech. The most robust …

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Reduced Structure In Malagasy Headlines, Ileana Paul

Ileana Paul

This paper examines the register associated with headlines in Malagasy. While in many

languages headlines appear to have reduced structure as evidenced by the absence of certain

grammatical markers (determiners, copulas, tense), Malagasy headlines show a change in word

order from VOS to SVO. It is argued that like English, Malagasy headlines involve a truncated

syntactic structure and that the absence of certain functional projections accounts for the change

in word order.

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Culminating And Non-Culminating Accomplishments In Malagasy, Ileana Paul, Baholisoa Simone Ralalaoherivony, Henriëtte De Swart

Ileana Paul

Malagasy is a language with non-culminating accomplishments. There is, however, a specific prefix (maha-), which appears to entail culmination. Moreover, verbs prefixed with maha- display a range of interpretations: causative, abilitive, ‘manage to’, and unintentionality. This paper accounts for these two aspects of this prefix with a unified semantic analysis. In particular, maha- encodes double prevention, as proposed by Wolff (2007, 2014) for English predicates like enable. The double prevention configuration is associated with a circumstantial modal base, which leads to culminating readings in the past and future. As such, this paper supports a more fine-grained theory …

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Unregulated Autonomy: Uncredentialed Educational Interpreters In Rural Schools, Stephen Fitzmaurice

Stephen Fitzmaurice

LTHOUGH MANY rural Deaf and Hard of Hearing students attend public

schools most of the day and use the services of educational interpreters

to gain access to the school environment, little information exists

on what interpreters are doing in rural school systems in the absence

of credentialing requirements. The researcher used ethnographic interviews

and field observations of three educational interpreters with no

certification or professional assessment to explore how uncredentialed

interpreters were enacting their role in a rural high school. The findings

indicate that uncredentialed interpreters in rural settings perform four

major functions during their school day: preparing the environment, …

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Language Analysis Skills Of Children With Mental Retardation, Hyla Rubin

Hyla Rubin

The ability of children with moderate mental retardation to analyze orally presented sentences into words and words into syllables and phonemes was studied. The subjects, ages 10 to 15, were grouped by method of reading instruction. All of them could analyze spoken sentences into words and words into syllables equally well. However, subjects receiving code-emphasis reading instruction performed significantly better on the more difficult phoneme manipulation tasks than did subjects receiving whole-word instruction. Results suggest that code-emphasis reading instruction for some subjects with mental retardation should be used. Further research on linguistic analysis skills and the use of code-emphasis reading …

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What Is The Difference Between “Muslim” And “Islamic”?, Ahmed E. Souaiaia

Ahmed E SOUAIAIA

Social labels and categories are exercise in control. They describe opponents, create boundaries, exclude social groups, justify discrimination, and promote persecution. They are imbued with sociopolitical power. Muslims used labels, internally for the first time, during the formative period of the community to privilege the elite and marginalize dissenters. They called those who challenged the established order, Khawarij [Outsiders]. Today, Muslims living in Western societies are often labeled radical Islamic extremists. But aside from this politically charged phrase, even common adjectives, such as Islamic and Muslim, are misused. So in what contexts should these adjectives be appropriately used and …

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The Effect Of Language Ideologies On The Canadian Shift: Evidence From /Æ/ In Vancouver, Bc And Seattle, Wa., Julia Thomas Swan

Julia Thomas Swan

Language ideologies have been acknowledged as an important factor in linguistic behavior, and all the more in border regions (Bourdieu 1991, Irvine & Gal 2000, S. Friedman 2007, V. Friedman 2012, Auer 2005). Auer (2005) argues that the social cognitive interpretation of a border leads to linguistic divergence by which the process of imagining the other group as “different” fosters the linguistic embodiment of those differences. Gal & Irvine (2000) employ fractal recursivity to describe the projection of a difference at one level of a system to another level of the system and erasure to describe an ideology of sameness …

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Phonological Awareness: Normally Developing And Language Delayed Children, Hyla Rubin

Hyla Rubin

This study compared 15 nonnal and 13 language delayed fourand five-year-old children on a range of tasks of phonological awareness. The tasks differed in the degree of explicit linguistic analysis that was required. The language delayed group always performed below the level of the nonnal children, and there were significant group differences on several tasks. A significant interaction effect reflected the greater difficulty language delayed children experienced with tasks that required the most explicit analysis. The tasks used in this study could be used in intervention research with language delayed children. They can also be used in therapy and classroom …

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Morphological Knowledge And Early Writing Ability, Hyla Rubin

Hyla Rubin

This study assesscd the morphological knowledge of kindergarteners and first graders in relation to their early writing ability. hlorphological knowledge was investigated bemuse, in order to write, children need to understand that words are composed of morphemes and phonemes, and because poor writers have particular difficulty with inflected forms of words. Kindeqarteners and f m t graders were grouped by their implicit understanding of morphology and were given tests of dictated spelling and morphological analysis. First graders with poor implicit morphological knowledge omitted more inflectional morphemes in writing and wcre less able to identify base morphemes in spoken words than …

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The Development Of Morphological Knowledge In Relation To Early Spelling Ability, Hyla Rubin

Hyla Rubin

This study assessed the morphological knowledge of kindergarteners and first graders in relation to their early spelling ability. Morphological knowledge was investigated because, in order to spell, children need to understand that words are composed of morphemes and phonemes, and because poor spellers have particular difficulty with inflected forms of words. Kindergarteners and first graders were grouped by their implicit understanding of morphology and were given tests of dictated spelling and morphological analysis. First graders with poor morphological knowledge omitted more inflectional morphemes in spelling and were less able to identify base morphemes in spoken words than kindergarteners and first …

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Mobilities, Materialities, And The Changing Meanings Of Pittsburgh Speech, Barbara Johnstone, Calvin Pollak

Barbara Johnstone

For many decades, people in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania area have talked about local speech. “Pittsburghese,” as it is locally known, has become so tightly linked with local identity that it is alluded to almost every time someone talks about what Pittsburgh is like or what it means to be a Pittsburgher. But the set of words, pronunciations, and bits of grammar that are thought of as Pittsburghese has changed over time. This paper explores the role of social and geographic mobility in creating and circulating the ideas about Pittsburgh speech that help to determine who uses local-sounding speech features and …

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Full-On Stating, Robert J. Stainton

Robert J. Stainton

What distinguishes full-on stating a proposition from merely communicating it? For instance, what distinguishes claiming/asserting/saying that one has never smoked crack cocaine from merely implying/conveying/hinting this? The enormous literature on ‘assertion’ provides many approaches to distinguishing stating from, say, asking and commanding: only the former aims at truth; only the former expresses one’s belief; etc. But this leaves my question unanswered, since in merely communicating a proposition one also aims at truth, expresses a belief, etc.

My aim is not to criticize extant accounts of the state-vs.-merely-convey contrast, but rather to draw on clues from Dummett, functional linguistics and moral …

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Language Ideologies, Border Effects, And Dialectal Variation: Evidence From /Æ/, /Aʊ/, And /Aɪ/ In Seattle, Wa And Vancouver, B.C., Julia Thomas Swan

Julia Thomas Swan

Previous studies of border regions have characterized linguistic divergence as a natural consequence of the social psychological and cognitive processes speakers apply in constructing their conceptualizations of the border and those on the other side (Auer 2005). For the border shared by Canada and the United States, in particular, Boberg (2000) highlights a resistance to the diffusion of sound change across the national border. While providing some valid

descriptions, these assessments neglect the multi-faceted social function of language to both unite and distinguish speakers and social groups. They also ignore the potentially important role of cultural affinity and regional solidarity …

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Barrios-Lech_Linguistic_Interaction_Appendix_Four.Docx, Peter G. Barrios-Lech

Peter Barrios-Lech

Appendix 4, "Donatus on Pragmatics and Politeness," for Barrios-Lech, P. 2016. Linguistic Interaction in Roman Comedy (Cambridge).

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Barrios-Lech_Linguistic_Interaction_Appendix_Five.Docx, Peter G. Barrios-Lech

Peter Barrios-Lech

Appendix 5, "Supplementary Material for Parts III-IV," Barrios-Lech, P. Linguistic Interaction in Roman Comedy (Cambridge).

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Split-Ups, Jeremiah Farrell

Jeremiah Farrell

Jeremiah Farrell's contribution to the Simon and Schuster Crossword Puzzle Book, edited by Margaret Farrar and Eugene T. Maleska.

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Canadian English In The Pacific Northwest: A Phonetic Comparison Of Vancouver, B.C And Seattle, Wa., Julia Thomas Swan

Julia Thomas Swan

The Atlas of North American English (henceforth ANAE) calls attention to the difficult task of differentiating the dialect regions entitled “the West” and “Canada” and surmises that the dialects can be differentiated on the basis of their degree of participation in the

same sound changes (Labov et al. 2006). In other words, the difference is a quantitative one, not a qualitative one. This paper argues that this assessment may be due, in part, to the methodological approach taken. Despite the geographic proximity and cultural similarities of Vancouver, BC and Seattle, WA, few studies have directly compared their speech (see Sadlier-Brown …

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Understanding Psychotic Speech: Beyond Freud And Chomsky, Elaine Chaika

Elaine Chaika

No abstract provided.

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Review Of Timothy Shopen And Joseph Williams, Style And Variables In English, Elaine Chaika

Elaine Chaika

No abstract provided.

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Privatizing Creativity: Verlan In Advertising And Politics., Cat Tebaldi

Cat Tebaldi

Taking as a starting point advertisements I saw in cafes and food trucks, this presentation examines how advertising and popular media participates in, and profits from, the construction of a Mock urban language. I explore the constructions of a mock urban French that sounds hip at first but echoes colonial advertisements that positions subjects as not fully literate. Oasis juice's anthropomorphized Verlan-speaking fruit, "Onsfan la Poire", recalls the mock pidgin of the older ad slogan "y a bon ...Banania". In the language of these ads images ranging from savage illiteracy to dopey gang members” are ascribed to what Inoue termed …

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Bad French: Imagining Illiteracy On The Margins Of Paris, Cat Tebaldi

Cat Tebaldi

Bad French: imagining illiteracy on the margins of Paris.

Following Hill’s (2005) analysis of mock Spanish through internet searches, this paper explores the indexicality of the language game Verlan, as nonstandard, “bad French” in popular media. It explores the construction of a false urban French, that echoes of colonial advertisements and positions speakers as neither fully literate not fully French. Three images, savage illiteracy, comical delinquency, and linguistic terrorists are ascribed to the “ventriloquized bodies” (Inoue 2003) of students of color in France’s urban peripheries. Oasis juice advertisements show a silly, delinquent Verlan-speaking fruit, "Onsfan la Poire", …

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Comparing The Effects Of Direct And Indirect Learning Strategies On Iranian Efl Learners' Vocabulary Learning, Ali Taghinezhad

Ali Taghinezhad

Vocabulary is vital to English language teaching since without a sufficient knowledge ofvocabulary students are not able to understand others or to express their ideas. Therefore,several indirect and direct strategies have been proposed to improve vocabulary learning.Whether indirect or direct strategies can contribute more to vocabulary learning has been asignificant issue. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the influence of indirect anddirect learning strategies on the vocabulary learning of Iranian EFL learners. To this end,ninety upper-intermediate students were selected from two English language institutes inShiraz, Iran. Students were divided into two experimental groups. One experimental group(A) received vocabulary instruction using …

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Articulation And Acoustics Of Kannada Affricates: A Case Of Geminate /ʧ/, Alexei Kochetov, N. Sreedevi

Alexei Kochetov

Affricates have been observed to be problematic in phonological acquisition and disordered speech across languages, due to their relatively complex spatial and temporal articulatory patterns. Remediation of difficulties in the production of affricates requires understanding of how these sounds are typically produced. This study presents the first systematic articulatory and acoustic investigation of voiceless geminate affricate /ʧ/ in Kannada (a Dravidian language), compared to the palatal glide and the voiceless dental stop. Ultrasound data from 10 normal speakers from Mysore, India revealed that /ʧ/ is produced with the tongue shape intermediate between the palatal glide and the dental stop, and …

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The Theory And Practice Of Harmonic Serialism, John J. Mccarthy

John J. McCarthy

This chapter explains what Harmonic Serialism is and how it differs from standard parallel Optimality Theory. Several arguments in support of Harmonic Serialism are presented.

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Cross-Level Interactions In Harmonic Serialism, John J. Mccarthy, Joe Pater, Kathryn Pruitt

John J. McCarthy

Cross-level interactions are phonological processes that make reference to multiple levels of the prosodic hierarchy, such as vowel shortening in the weak position of a foot. Cross-level interactions figure in most arguments for parallelism in Optimality Theory. This chapter demonstrates with several case studies how cross-level interactions can be analyzed in Harmonic Serialism. The key insight is that the relevant constraints may be violated in the course of the derivation, even if they are obeyed in underlying and surface forms. Cross-level interactions require parallelism only if constraints are inviolable, but that is inconsistent with a fundamental premise of Harmonic Serialism …

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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

It​ ​Is​ ​Time​ ​To​ ​Tackle​ ​Aspect!​ ​Some​ ​Insights​ ​To​ ​Help​ ​Clear​ ​Up The​ ​Tense/Aspect​ ​Mystery, Andreas Schramm

Andreas Schramm

Unpacking A Political Icon: ‘Bike Lanes’ And Orders Of Indexicality, Michael Miller Yoder, Barbara Johnstone

Barbara Johnstone

Enregistering Dialect, Barbara Johnstone

Barbara Johnstone

Exploring Authority In Linguistics Research: Who To Trust When Everyone’S A Language Expert, Catherine Baird, Jonathan Howell

Catherine Baird

Exploring Authority In Linguistics Research: Who To Trust When Everyone’S A Language Expert, Catherine Baird, Jonathan Howell

Jonathan Howell

Acoustic Classification Of Focus: On The Web And In The Lab, Jonathan Howell, Mats Rooth, Michael Wagner

Jonathan Howell

Reduced Structure In Malagasy Headlines, Ileana Paul

Ileana Paul

Culminating And Non-Culminating Accomplishments In Malagasy, Ileana Paul, Baholisoa Simone Ralalaoherivony, Henriëtte De Swart

Ileana Paul

Unregulated Autonomy: Uncredentialed Educational Interpreters In Rural Schools, Stephen Fitzmaurice

Stephen Fitzmaurice

Language Analysis Skills Of Children With Mental Retardation, Hyla Rubin

Hyla Rubin

What Is The Difference Between “Muslim” And “Islamic”?, Ahmed E. Souaiaia

Ahmed E SOUAIAIA

The Effect Of Language Ideologies On The Canadian Shift: Evidence From /Æ/ In Vancouver, Bc And Seattle, Wa., Julia Thomas Swan

Julia Thomas Swan

Phonological Awareness: Normally Developing And Language Delayed Children, Hyla Rubin

Hyla Rubin

Morphological Knowledge And Early Writing Ability, Hyla Rubin

Hyla Rubin

The Development Of Morphological Knowledge In Relation To Early Spelling Ability, Hyla Rubin

Hyla Rubin

Mobilities, Materialities, And The Changing Meanings Of Pittsburgh Speech, Barbara Johnstone, Calvin Pollak

Barbara Johnstone

Full-On Stating, Robert J. Stainton

Robert J. Stainton

Language Ideologies, Border Effects, And Dialectal Variation: Evidence From /Æ/, /Aʊ/, And /Aɪ/ In Seattle, Wa And Vancouver, B.C., Julia Thomas Swan

Julia Thomas Swan

Barrios-Lech_Linguistic_Interaction_Appendix_Four.Docx, Peter G. Barrios-Lech

Peter Barrios-Lech

Barrios-Lech_Linguistic_Interaction_Appendix_Five.Docx, Peter G. Barrios-Lech

Peter Barrios-Lech

Split-Ups, Jeremiah Farrell

Jeremiah Farrell

Canadian English In The Pacific Northwest: A Phonetic Comparison Of Vancouver, B.C And Seattle, Wa., Julia Thomas Swan

Julia Thomas Swan

Understanding Psychotic Speech: Beyond Freud And Chomsky, Elaine Chaika

Elaine Chaika

Review Of Timothy Shopen And Joseph Williams, Style And Variables In English, Elaine Chaika

Elaine Chaika

Privatizing Creativity: Verlan In Advertising And Politics., Cat Tebaldi

Cat Tebaldi

Bad French: Imagining Illiteracy On The Margins Of Paris, Cat Tebaldi

Cat Tebaldi

Comparing The Effects Of Direct And Indirect Learning Strategies On Iranian Efl Learners' Vocabulary Learning, Ali Taghinezhad

Ali Taghinezhad

Articulation And Acoustics Of Kannada Affricates: A Case Of Geminate /ʧ/, Alexei Kochetov, N. Sreedevi

Alexei Kochetov

The Theory And Practice Of Harmonic Serialism, John J. Mccarthy

John J. McCarthy

Cross-Level Interactions In Harmonic Serialism, John J. Mccarthy, Joe Pater, Kathryn Pruitt

John J. McCarthy

It Is Time To Tackle Aspect! Some Insights To Help Clear Up The Tense/Aspect Mystery, Andreas Schramm