Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Effects Of Tungsten On Continuous Cooling Transformation Characteristics Of Microalloyed Steels, Jingwei Zhao, Zhengyi Jiang, Ji Soo Kim, Chong Soo Lee

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Continuous cooling transformation (CCT) characteristics of microalloyed steels with different tungsten (W) contents (0, 0.1 and 1. wt.%) were investigated to obtain the necessary information for heat treatment of these steels. The effects of W addition on the sizes of prior austenite grains and precipitates were analysed. CCT diagrams were obtained by varying the cooling rates from 0.1 to 120. °C/s. Transformation characteristics were determined by using dilatometer test, microscopic observation and hardness measurement. The results showed that W had a positive effect on the refinement of prior austenite grains and precipitates. The CCT diagrams exhibited that the ranges of …

Effects Of Tungsten Addition And Heat Treatment Conditions On Microstructure And Mechanical Properties Of Microalloyed Forging Steels, Jingwei Zhao, Zhengyi Jiang, Chong Soo Lee

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

In the present work, the effects of tungsten (W) addition and heat treatment conditions on the microstructure, impact toughness and tensile properties of microalloyed forging steels were studied. Four kinds of microalloyed forging steels were produced by varying W additions (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 wt%). Heat treatment was carried out at temperatures ranging from 840 to 950 °C followed by air and furnace cooling. Mechanical tests were used to evaluate the room temperature Charpy impact and tensile properties. The resulting microstructures were analysed via optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results show …

Predicting Additive And Non-Additive Genetic Effects From Trials Where Traits Are Affected By Interplot Competition, Colleen H. Hunt, Alison B. Smith, David R. Jordan, Brian R. Cullis

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

There are two key types of selection in a plant breeding program, namely selection of hybrids for potential commercial use and the selection of parents for use in future breeding. Oakey et al. (in Theoretical and Applied Genetics 113, 809-819, 2006) showed how both of these aims could be achieved using pedigree information in a mixed model analysis in order to partition genetic effects into additive and non-additive effects. Their approach was developed for field trial data subject to spatial variation. In this paper we extend the approach for data from trials subject to interplot competition. We show how the …

Effects Of Fouling On The Stress-Strain-Degradation Behaviour Of Rail Ballast, Buddhima Indraratna, Nayoma C. Tennakoon, Sanjay Nimbalkar, Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Ballast is most commonly used as a structural component of rail track due to its high load bearing capacity, resiliency and rapid drainage. However, ballast along coal freight corridors often becomes fouled due to spilling of coal from moving wagons, in addition to further track deterioration attributed to particle breakage and pumping of soft subgrade. Highly fouled ballast needs to be cleaned or replaced to maintain the desired track resiliency, load bearing capacity and the track alignment. In order to identify the risk associated with fouling, it is important to accurately assess the amount of fouling. In this paper, the …

On The Effects Of Spreading Sequences Over Mimo Systems, Tianle Liu, David A. Stirling, Le Chung Tran, Tadeusz A. Wysocki, Beata J. Wysocki, Prashan Dissanayake Mudiyanselage,, Peter James Vial

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

In this paper, we develop a Software Defined Radio (SDR) test bed to evaluate the Multiple Access Interference (MAI) effects over SISO and 2 x 1MIMO systems. It can be observed that under asynchronous transmissions, the Gold code leads to the best performance over both systems due to the fact that it has the best correlation properties. We also find the MAI effects in terms of the spreading sequences pairs on MIMO-STS systems. We propose a criterion for selecting promising spreading sequences for MIMO systems. Based on the measured results, we identify pairs of spreading sequences which have improved BER …

Foods, Nutrients Or Whole Diets: Effects Of Targeting Fish And Lcn3pufa Consumption In A 12mo Weight Loss Trial, Linda C. Tapsell, Marijka Batterham, Karen E. Charlton, Elizabeth P. Neale, Yasmine C. Probst, Jane E. O'Shea, Rebecca L. Thorne, Qingsheng Zhang, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background There is some evidence in the literature that emphasising fish consumption may assist with weight loss. The aim was to assess the effects of advice to consume 2 fish meals per week in a weight loss diet. Methods A parallel randomised placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 118 obese Australian adults (mean BMI +/- SD 31.3 +/- 3.5 kg/m2; mean age +/- SD 45 +/- 10 y; 28% male). Participants received low calorie dietary advice + placebo (1 g olive oil; Control), low calorie dietary advice emphasising fish + placebo (Fish), or low calorie dietary advice emphasising fish diet + …

Effects Of Tungsten Addition On The Microstructure And Mechanical Properties Of Microalloyed Forging Steels, Jingwei Zhao, Taekyung Lee, Jeong Hun Lee, Zhengyi Jiang, Chong Soo Lee

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

In the current study, the effects of tungsten (W) addition on the microstructure, hardness, and room/low [223 K and 173 K (-50 C and -100 C)] temperature tensile properties of microalloyed forging steels were systematically investigated. Four kinds of steel specimens were produced by varying the W additions (0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 wt pct). The microstructure showed that the addition of W does not have any noticeable effect on the amount of precipitates. The precipitates in W-containing steels were all rich in W, and the W concentration in the precipitates increased with the increasing W content. The mean sizes …

Effects Of Feed And Draw Solution Temperature And Transmembrane Temperature Difference On The Rejection Of Trace Organic Contaminants By Forward Osmosis, Ming Xie, William E. Price, Long D. Nghiem, Menachem Elimelech

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The effects of feed and draw solution temperature and transmembrane temperature difference on the rejection of 12 trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) by two forward osmosis (FO) membranes were investigated. The membrane structure parameter (S) and the reverse salt (NaCl) flux selectivity (RSFS) were constant over the temperature range of 20-40 1C, suggesting that within this range, the solution temperature did not significantly influence the membrane polymeric structure. Draw solution properties, including diffusivity, viscosity, and osmotic pressure, played an important role in water and reverse salt (NaCl) flux behaviour and TrOC rejection. Pure water and salt (NaCl) permeability coefficients of the …

Group Effects Of Piles Due To Lateral Soil Movement, Hongyu Qin, Wei Dong Guo

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Laboratory model tests have been conducted to investigate the responses of piles subjected to lateral soil movement. The results of a single pile test and four tests on two piles arranged in a row perpendicular to the direction of soil movement are presented. The development of maximum bending moment, maximum shear force, and pile deflection with soil movement and the largest pile response profiles for the single pile and pile groups are compared. Group effect was evaluated using group factor which is defined in terms of the measured maximum bending moment. The major findings are (1) the pile head conditions …

Varying Task Difficulty In The Go/Nogo Task: The Effects Of Inhibitory Control, Arousal, And Perceived Effort On Erp Components, Nicholas Benikos, Stuart J. Johnstone, Steven J. Roodenrys

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Similar to other executive functions, inhibitory control is thought to be a dynamic process that can be influenced by variations in task difficulty. However, little is known about how different task parameters alter inhibitory performance and processing as a task becomes more difficult. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of varying task difficulty, via manipulation of reaction time deadline (RTD), on measures of inhibitory control, perceived effort, and task-related arousal (indexed by skin conductance level). Sixty adults completed a visual Go/Nogo task (70% Go) after being randomly assigned to one of three task difficulty conditions: High, …

Combined Cognitive And State-Control Training For Children With And Without Ad/Hd: Effects On Behaviour, Working Memory And Resting Eeg, Rebecca Bonfield, Stuart Johnstone, Kirsten Johnson, Stephanie Carrigan, Steven Roodenrys, Sue Bennett, Emily Church, Jacob Sargeant

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at the 23rd Australasian Society for Psychophysiology Conference, 20-22 Nov 2013, Wollongong, Australia

Do Neighbourhoods Have Effects On Wages? A Study Of Migrant Workers In Urban China, Zhiming Cheng, Haining Wang

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

Rural-to-urban migrant workers have contributed enormously to the Chinese economy and society in the past three decades. Many of them have concentrated in disadvantaged neighbourhoods and physically and socially suffered from poor residential environment. However it is unclear how the neighbourhoods-as the provision of shelter, social and public service, and community organizing-influence migrant workers' labour market outcomes. To fill this gap, this paper researches the way in which urban neighbourhoods have affected migrant workers' wages. Factors such as housing quality, social interaction and trust, and neighbourhood organization and participation were examined. Results show that five of eight neighbourhood characteristics had …

Independent Effects Of Local And Global Binocular Disparity On The Perceived Convexity Of Stereoscopically Presented Faces In Scenes, Harold Matthews, Harold Hill, Stephen Palmisano

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Radiocarbon Bomb Spike Reveals Biological Effects Of Antarctic Climate Change, Laurence J Clarke, Sharon A. Robinson, Quan Hua, David J. Ayre, David Fink

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The Antarctic has experienced major changes in temperature, wind speed and stratospheric ozone levels during thelast 50 years. However, until recently continental Antarctica appeared to be little impacted by climate warming, thusbiological changes were predicted to be relatively slow. Detecting the biological effects of Antarctic climate changehas been hindered by the paucity of long-term data sets, particularly for organisms that have been exposed to thesechanges throughout their lives. We show that radiocarbon signals are preserved along shoots of the dominant Antarcticmoss flora and use these to determine accurate growth rates over a period of several decades, allowing us toexplore the …

Effects Of Atmospheric Light Scattering On Spectroscopic Observations Of Greenhouse Gases From Space: Validation Of Ppdf-Based Co 2 Retrievals From Gosat, Sergey Oshchepkov, Andrey Bril, Tatsuya Yokota, Isamu Morino, Yukio Yoshida, Tsuneo Matsunaga, Dmitry Belikov, Debra Wunch, Paul Wennberg, Geoffrey Toon, Christopher O'Dell, André Butz, Sandrine Guerlet, Austin Cogan, Hartmut Boesch, Nawo Eguchi, Nicholas Deutscher, David Griffith, Ronald Macatangay, Justus Notholt, Ralf Sussmann, Markus Rettinger, Vanessa Sherlock, John Robinson, Esko Kyro, Pauli Heikkinen, Dietrich G. Feist, Tomoo Nagahama, Nikolay Kadygrov, Shamil Maksyutov, Osamu Uchino, Hiroshi Watanabe

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

This report describes a validation study of Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) data processing using ground-based measurements of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) as reference data for column-averaged dry air mole fractions of atmospheric carbon dioxide (X CO2). We applied the photon path length probability density function method to validate X CO2 retrievals from GOSAT data obtained during 22months starting from June 2009. This method permitted direct evaluation of optical path modifications due to atmospheric light scattering that would have a negligible impact on ground-based TCCON measurements but could significantly affect gas retrievals when observing reflected sunlight from …

Are Competitive Effects Of Native Species On An Invader Mediated By Water Availability?, Tanya J. Mason, Kristine French, Ken Russell

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Question: Climate change processes could influence the dynamics of biotic interactions such as plant competition, especially in response to disturbance phenomena such as invasional processes. Are competitive effects of native species on an invadermediated bywater availability?

Location: Glasshouse facility, New SouthWales, Australia.

Methods: We constructed competitive hierarchies for a representative suite of species from coastal dune communities that have been invaded by the Asteraceae shrub, bitou (Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata). We used a comparative phytometer approach, where the invader species was grown with or without a suite of native species in glasshouse trials. This was used to construct competition hierarchies …

Environmental Effects Of Ozone Depletion And Its Interactions With Climate Change: Progress Report, 2011, Anthony L. Andrady, Pieter J. Aucamp, Amy T. Austin, Alkiviadis F. Bais, Carlos L. Ballare, Lars Olof Bjorn, Janet F. Bornman, Martyn Caldwell, Anthony P. Cullen, David J. Erickson, Frank R. De Gruijl, Donat-P Hader, Walter Helbling, Mohammad Ilyas, Janice Longstreth, Robyn Lucas, Richard L. Mckenzie, Sasha Madronich, Mary Norval, Nigel D. Paul, Halim Redhwi, Sharon Robinson, Min Shao, Keith R. Solomon, Barbara Sulzberger, Yukio Takizawa, Xiaoyan Tang, Ayako Torikai, Jan C. Van Der Leun, Craig Williamson, Stephen R. Wilson, Robert C. Worrest, Richard G. Zepp

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The parties to the Montreal Protocol are informed by three panels of experts. One of these is the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP), which deals with two focal issues. The first focus is the effects of increased UV radiation on human health, animals, plants, biogeochemistry, air quality, and materials. The second focus is on interactions between UV radiation and global climate change and how these may affect humans and the environment. When considering the effects of climate change, it has become clear that processes resulting in changes in stratospheric ozone are more complex than believed previously. As a result of …

The Effects Of Regular Long-Term Cannabis Use On Auditory Mismatch Negativity (Mmn), Lisa-Marie Greenwood, Samantha J. Broyd, Rodney J. Croft, Patricia T. Michie, Juanita Todd, Stuart J. Johnstone, Robyn Murray, Nadia Solowij

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at the 3rd Biennial Schizophrenia International Research Conference Florence, Italy 14-18 April 2012

Effects Of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Administration On Human Encoding And Recall Memory Function: A Pharmacological Fmri Study, Matthijs G. Bossong, Gerry Jager, Hendrika H. Van Hell, Lineke Zuurman, J Martijn Jansma, Mitul A. Mehta, Joop M. A Van Gerven, Rene S. Kahn, Nick F. Ramsey

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Deficits in memory function are an incapacitating aspect of various psychiatric and neurological disorders. Animal studies have recently provided strong evidence for involvement of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in memory function. Neuropsychological studies in humans have shown less convincing evidence but suggest that administration of cannabinoid substances affects encoding rather than recall of information. In this study, we examined the effects of perturbation of the eCB system on memory function during both encoding and recall. We performed a pharmacological MRI study with a placebo-controlled, crossover design, investigating the effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) inhalation on associative memory-related brain function in 13 …

Effects Of Feed Solution Characteristics And Membrane Fouling On N-Nitrosamine Rejection By Reverse Osmosis Membranes, Takahiro Fujioka, Long D. Nghiem, Stuart Khan, James Mcdonald, Yvan Poussade, Jörg Drewes

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Augmentation of potable water sources with reclaimed municipal wastewater is an option of increasing importance for water security in regions and countries where severe water stress occurs. Consequently, the presence of emerging trace contaminants in reclaimed water has been recognised as a critical issue due to their potential adverse health effects. Notable examples of these trace organic chemicals include N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and several other N-nitrosamines.

Effects Of Cultural Cognitive Styles On Users Evaluation Of Website Complexity, Tingru Cui, Xinwei Wang, Hock Hai Teo

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The internationalization of websites requires compelling navigation experience for users from diverse cultures. This research investigates the effects of cultural cognitive styles on user perception of website complexity and the subsequent influence on user satisfaction towards the website. More specifically, the website complexity is examined along three dimensions: component, coordinative, and dynamic. Laboratory experiments involving participants from China and United States were used to test the hypotheses. The results showed that the effect of objective complexity on perceived complexity is contingent on cultural cognitive styles. People with holistic and analytic cultural cognitive styles display different perceptions of website complexity. This …

Nonlinear Inelastic Behavior Of Circular Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Slender Beam-Columns With Preload Effects, Vipulkumar Ishvarbhai Patel, Qing Quan Liang, Muhammad N. Hadi

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

This paper presents a numerical model based on fiber element formulations for simulating the nonlinear inelastic behavior of eccentrically loaded circular concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) slender beam-columns with preload effects. Deflections caused by preloads are included in the global analysis of CFST slender beam-columns as initial geometric imperfections. Computational algorithms based on the Müller's method are developed to obtain load-deflection responses of CFST slender beam-columns including preload effects. The accuracy of the numerical model is examined by comparisons of computer solutions with experimental results. The numerical model is utilized to investigate the effects of preloads on the axial load-deflection curves, …

Modeling The Effects Of Quality In A Transformative Health Service, Shahriar Akter, Umme Hani

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

Understanding the effects of service quality on economic (i.e., continuance intentions) and social (i.e., quality of life) outcomes is critical to extend the focus of transformative service research. This study specifies mHealth as a transformative service and models the impact of its overall quality on satisfaction, continuance intentions and quality of life. Based on cognition - affective - conation chain, the conceptual model explicitly identifies convenience, confidence, cooperation, care and concern as the primary dimensions of mHealth service quality. The study validates the higher-order quality model and its association with subsequent latent variables using PLS path modeling. The findings confirm …

Trustworthiness In Mhealth Information Services: An Assessment Of A Hierarchical Model With Mediating And Moderating Effects Using Partial Least Squares (Pls), Shahriar Akter, John D'Ambra, Pradeep Ray

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

The aim of this research is to advance both the theoretical conceptualization and the empirical validation of trustworthiness in mHealth (mobile health) information services research. Conceptually, it extends this line of research by reframing trustworthiness as a hierarchical, reflective construct, incorporating ability, benevolence, integrity, and predictability. Empirically, it confirms that partial least squares path modeling can be used to estimate the parameters of a hierarchical, reflective model with moderating and mediating effects in a nomological network. The model shows that trustworthiness is a second-order, reflective construct that has a significant direct and indirect impact on continuance intentions in the context …

The Schizophrenia Susceptibility Gene Neuregulin 1 Modulates Tolerance To The Effects Of Canabinoids, Aurelie Boucher, Glenn E. Hunt, Jacques Micheau, Xu-Feng Huang, Iain Mcgregor, Tim Karl, Jonathon Arnold

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Cannabis increases the risk of schizophrenia in genetically vulnerable individuals. In this study we aim to show that the schizophrenia susceptibility gene neuregulin 1 (Nrg1) modulates the development of tolerance to cannabinoids in mice. Nrg1 heterozygous (HET) and wild-type (WT) mice were treated daily for 15 d with the synthetic analogue of D9-tetrahydrocannabinol, CP55,940 (0.4 mg/kg). We measured the impact of this exposure on locomotor activity, anxiety, prepulse inhibition (PPI), body temperature and FosB/DFosB immunohistochemistry. Tolerance to CP55,940-induced hypothermia and locomotor suppression developed more rapidly in Nrg1 HET mice than WT mice. Conversely in the light-dark test, while tolerance to …

Effects Of Dairy Products On Crohn's Disease Symptoms Are Influenced By Fat Content And Disease Location But Not Lactose Content Or Disease Activity Status In A New Zealand Population, Deborah Nolan, Linda C. Tapsell, Rong Hu, Dug Yeo Han, Lynnette Ferguson

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background Dairy products have been perceived as having the potential to cause adverse effects in individuals with Crohn’s disease (CD) and are often avoided, potentially increasing the risk of osteoporosis and related morbidity associated with inadequate dietary calcium intake. Objective To evaluate the self-reported effects of dairy products on CD symptoms and to determine whether these effects differed between types of dairy products consumed and disease state or location. Design Secondary analysis of dietary survey and clinical data from participants in the Genes and Diet in Inflammatory Bowel Disease study based in Auckland, New Zealand. Subjects/setting One hundred and sixty-five …

Effects Of A Single Dose Of Exenatide On Appetite, Gut Hormones, And Glucose Homeostasis In Adults With Prader-Willi Syndrome, Lisa Sze, Louise Purtell, Arthur Jenkins, Georgina Loughnan, Ellie Smith, Herbert Herzog, Amanda Sainsbury, Katharine Steinbeck, Lesley V. Campbell, Alexander Viardot

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Context: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is associated with hyperphagia and obesity, without effective pharmacological treatment. Exenatide, recently developed for treatment of type 2 diabetes, induces appetite suppression and weight loss with common side effects. Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the initial safety and effectiveness of exenatide in adult PWS subjects compared with obese controls (OBESE). Design, Setting, Patients, and Intervention: Eight PWS and 11 OBESE patients underwent standardized meal studies after a single sc injection of 10 g exenatide or placebo in a single-blinded, crossover design. Main Outcome Measures: Glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, peptide YY (PYY; total)/PYY …

Specific Electromagnetic Effects Of Microwave Radiation On Escherichia Coli, Yury Shamis, Alex Taube, Natasa Mitik-Dineva, Rodney Croft, Russell J. Crawford, Elena P. Ivanova

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The present study investigated the effects of microwave (MW) radiation on Escherichia coli applied under a sub-lethal temperature. The experiments were conducted at a frequency of 18 GHz and performed at a temperature below 40oC to avoid the thermal degradation of bacterial cells during exposure. The absorbed power was calculated to be 1500 kW/m3 and the electric field was determined to be 300 V/m. Both values were theoretically confirmed using CST Microwave Studio 3D Electromagnetic Simulation Software. As a negative control, E. coli cells were also thermally heated up to temperatures up to 40oC using Peltier Plate heating. Scanning Electron …

Face Viewpoint Effects About Three Axes: The Role Of Configural And Featural Processing, Simone K. Favelle, Stephen A. Palmisano, Georgina Avery

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

We directly compared recognition for faces following 0° – 75° viewpoint rotation about the yaw, pitch, and roll axes. The aim was to determine the extent to which configural and featural information supported face recognition following rotations about each of these axes. Experiment 1 showed that performance on a sequential-matching task was viewpoint-dependent for all three types of rotation. The best face-recognition accuracy and shortest reaction time was found for roll rotations, then for yaw rotations, and finally the worst accuracy and slowest reaction time was found for pitch rotations. Directional differences in recognition were found for pitch rotations, but …

Saving Lives Or Raising Revenue: Analysing Media Coverage Of The Alcopops Tax In Light Of The Evidence On Its Effects, Sandra C. Jones, Laura Robinson

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The Australian Government increased the tax on ready-to-drink (RTD) alcohol beverages in 2008, in order to address concerns about increasing alcohol consumption among young people. This decision resulted in significant debate and discussion in the media, and in academic circles. The aim of the current study was to examine media coverage of the debate – and particularly the arguments posed in favour of and against the tax – now that we have objective evidence of its impact. We find that business owners and industry groups were vocal in the media, raising a number of arguments in opposition to the tax; …