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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Locomotion Induced By Non-Contingent Intracranial Electrical Stimulation: Dopamine Dependence And General Characteristics, James Dougan, John Martin, Qun Wu, Laura Stanisz, Scott Martyn, Sandra Rokosik, Paul Garris, Valeri Farmer-Dougan
Locomotion Induced By Non-Contingent Intracranial Electrical Stimulation: Dopamine Dependence And General Characteristics, James Dougan, John Martin, Qun Wu, Laura Stanisz, Scott Martyn, Sandra Rokosik, Paul Garris, Valeri Farmer-Dougan
James Dougan
Intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) is induced by delivery of electrical stimulation contingent upon a response such as bar pressing. This procedure has been widely used to investigate the brain reward system. Recent investigations, however, have noted that non-contingent electrical stimulation, also called experimenter applied stimulation (EAS), produces a unique set of locomotion behaviors that appear to be related to ICSS, and that these behaviors resemble locomotion similar to those elicited by dopamine enhancing drugs. However, little is known about the general characteristics of EAS-induced locomotion. While ICSS appears to be robust, long lasting, and highly rewarding in that the rat will …
Locomotion Induced By Non-Contingent Intracranial Stimulation:, James Dougan, Valeri Farmer-Dougan, Sandra Rokosik, Julie Lewis, Paul Garris
Locomotion Induced By Non-Contingent Intracranial Stimulation:, James Dougan, Valeri Farmer-Dougan, Sandra Rokosik, Julie Lewis, Paul Garris
James Dougan
Non-contingent experimenter-applied stimulation (nEAS) to the ventral mesencephalon, unlike contingent intracranial selfstimulation (ICSS), elicits high rates of general locomotion. This locomotion may be due to the nature of the presentation of stimulation, in that nEAS is non-contingent, while ICSS depends on a specific and focused response (e.g., bar pressing). Psychomotor stimulants also elicit high amounts of general locomotion, with the locomotion attributed to increased dopamine release. Interestingly, dopamine release decreases or is absent with repeated ICSS, but not nEAS. This suggests that the locomotion elicited by nEAS may be the result of DA release similar to that observed with psychomotor …