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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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- Arctic (7)
- Arctic air polluion (6)
- Aerosols (5)
- GeoQUEST (5)
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Articles 1 - 17 of 17
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Annual Distributions And Sources Of Arctic Aerosol Components, Aerosol Optical Depth, And Aerosol Absorption, Thomas J. Breider, Loretta J. Mickley, Daniel Jacob, Qiaoqiao Wang, Jenny A. Fisher, Rachel Y.-W Chang, Becky Alexander
Annual Distributions And Sources Of Arctic Aerosol Components, Aerosol Optical Depth, And Aerosol Absorption, Thomas J. Breider, Loretta J. Mickley, Daniel Jacob, Qiaoqiao Wang, Jenny A. Fisher, Rachel Y.-W Chang, Becky Alexander
Jenny A Fisher
Radiative forcing by aerosols and tropospheric ozone could play a significant role in recent Arctic warming. These species are in general poorly accounted for in climate models. We use the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model to construct a 3-D representation of Arctic aerosols and ozone that is consistent with observations and can be used in climate simulations. We focus on 2008, when extensive observations were made from different platforms as part of the International Polar Year. Comparison to aircraft, surface, and ship cruise observations suggests that GEOS-Chem provides in general a successful year-round simulation of Arctic black carbon (BC), organic …
The Arctic Research Of The Composition Of The Troposphere From Aircraft And Satellites (Arctas) Mission: Design, Execution, And First Results, D J. Jacob, J H. Crawford, H Maring, A D. Clarke, J E. Dibb, L K. Emmons, R A. Ferrare, C A. Hostetler, P B. Russell, H B. Singh, A M. Thompson, G E. Shaw, E Mccauley, J R. Pederson, J A. Fisher
The Arctic Research Of The Composition Of The Troposphere From Aircraft And Satellites (Arctas) Mission: Design, Execution, And First Results, D J. Jacob, J H. Crawford, H Maring, A D. Clarke, J E. Dibb, L K. Emmons, R A. Ferrare, C A. Hostetler, P B. Russell, H B. Singh, A M. Thompson, G E. Shaw, E Mccauley, J R. Pederson, J A. Fisher
Jenny A Fisher
The NASA Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) mission was conducted in two 3-week deployments based in Alaska (April 2008) and western Canada (June–July 2008). Its goal was to better understand the factors driving current changes in Arctic atmospheric composition and climate, including (1) influx of mid-latitude pollution, (2) boreal forest fires, (3) aerosol radiative forcing, and (4) chemical processes. The June–July deployment was preceded by one week of flights over California (ARCTAS-CARB) focused on (1) improving state emission inventories for greenhouse gases and aerosols, (2) providing observations to test and improve models …
Sources, Distribution, And Acidity Of Sulfate-Ammonium Aerosol In The Arctic In Winter-Spring, Jenny A. Fisher, Daniel J. Jacob, Q Wang, Roya Bahreini, C C. Carouge, M J. Cubison, Jack E. Dibb, Thomas Diehl, J L. Jimenez, E M. Leibensperger, Zifeng Lu, Marcel B.J Meinders, H. O T. Pye, Patricia K. Quinn, Sangeeta Sharma, David G. Streets, Aaron Van Donkelaar, R M. Yantosca
Sources, Distribution, And Acidity Of Sulfate-Ammonium Aerosol In The Arctic In Winter-Spring, Jenny A. Fisher, Daniel J. Jacob, Q Wang, Roya Bahreini, C C. Carouge, M J. Cubison, Jack E. Dibb, Thomas Diehl, J L. Jimenez, E M. Leibensperger, Zifeng Lu, Marcel B.J Meinders, H. O T. Pye, Patricia K. Quinn, Sangeeta Sharma, David G. Streets, Aaron Van Donkelaar, R M. Yantosca
Jenny A Fisher
We use GEOS-Chem chemical transport model simulations of sulfate–ammonium aerosol data from the NASA ARCTAS and NOAA ARCPAC aircraft campaigns in the North American Arctic in April 2008, together with longer-term data from surface sites, to better understand aerosol sources in the Arctic in winter–spring and the implications for aerosol acidity. Arctic pollution is dominated by transport from mid-latitudes, and we test the relevant ammonia and sulfur dioxide emission inventories in the model by comparison with wet deposition flux data over the source continents. We find that a complicated mix of natural and anthropogenic sources with different vertical signatures is …
Factors Driving Mercury Variability In The Arctic Atmosphere And Ocean Over The Past 30 Years, Jenny A. Fisher, Daniel J. Jacob, Anne L. Soerensen, Helen M. Amos, Elizabeth S. Corbitt, David G. Streets, Qiaoqiao Wang, Robert M. Yantosca, Elsie M. Sunderland
Factors Driving Mercury Variability In The Arctic Atmosphere And Ocean Over The Past 30 Years, Jenny A. Fisher, Daniel J. Jacob, Anne L. Soerensen, Helen M. Amos, Elizabeth S. Corbitt, David G. Streets, Qiaoqiao Wang, Robert M. Yantosca, Elsie M. Sunderland
Jenny A Fisher
[1] Long-term observations at Arctic sites (Alert and Zeppelin) show large interannual variability (IAV) in atmospheric mercury (Hg), implying a strong sensitivity of Hg to environmental factors and potentially to climate change. We use the GEOS-Chem global biogeochemical Hg model to interpret these observations and identify the principal drivers of spring and summer IAV in the Arctic atmosphere and surface ocean from 1979–2008. The model has moderate skill in simulating the observed atmospheric IAV at the two sites (r ~ 0.4) and successfully reproduces a long-term shift at Alert in the timing of the spring minimum from May to April …
Effects Of Aging On Organic Aerosol From Open Biomass Burning Smoke In Aircraft And Laboratory Studies, M J. Cubison, A M. Ortega, P L. Hayes, D K. Farmer, D Day, M J. Lechner, W H. Brune, E Apel, G S. Diskin, J A. Fisher, H E. Fuelberg, A Hecobian, D J. Knapp, T Mikoviny, D Riemer, G W. Sachse, W Sessions, R Weber, A J. Weinheimer, A Wisthaler, J L. Jimenez
Effects Of Aging On Organic Aerosol From Open Biomass Burning Smoke In Aircraft And Laboratory Studies, M J. Cubison, A M. Ortega, P L. Hayes, D K. Farmer, D Day, M J. Lechner, W H. Brune, E Apel, G S. Diskin, J A. Fisher, H E. Fuelberg, A Hecobian, D J. Knapp, T Mikoviny, D Riemer, G W. Sachse, W Sessions, R Weber, A J. Weinheimer, A Wisthaler, J L. Jimenez
Jenny A Fisher
Biomass burning (BB) is a large source of primary and secondary organic aerosols (POA and SOA). This study addresses the physical and chemical evolution of BB organic aerosols. Firstly, the evolution and lifetime of BB POA and SOA signatures observed with the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer are investigated, focusing on measurements at high-latitudes acquired during the 2008 NASA ARCTAS mission, in comparison to data from other field studies and from laboratory aging experiments. The parameter f60 , the ratio of the integrated signal at m/z 60 to the total signal in the organic component mass spectrum, is used as a …
Riverine Source Of Arctic Ocean Mercury Inferred From Atmospheric Observations, Jenny A. Fisher, Daniel J. Jacob, Anne L. Soerensen, Helen M. Amos, Alexandra Steffen, Elsie M. Sunderland
Riverine Source Of Arctic Ocean Mercury Inferred From Atmospheric Observations, Jenny A. Fisher, Daniel J. Jacob, Anne L. Soerensen, Helen M. Amos, Alexandra Steffen, Elsie M. Sunderland
Jenny A Fisher
Methylmercury is a potent neurotoxin that accumulates in aquatic food webs. Human activities, including industry and mining, have increased inorganic mercury inputs to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Methylation of this mercury generates methylmercury, and is thus a public health concern. Marine methylmercury is a particular concern in the Arctic, where indigenous peoples rely heavily on marine-based diets. In the summer, atmospheric inorganic mercury concentrations peak in the Arctic, whereas they reach a minimum in the northern mid-latitudes. Here, we use a global three-dimensional ocean–atmosphere model to examine the cause of this Arctic summertime maximum. According to our simulations, circumpolar rivers …
Global Estimates Of Co Sources With High Resolution By Adjoint Inversion Of Multiple Satellite Datasets (Mopitt, Airs, Sciamachy, Tes), M Kopacz, D J. Jacob, J A. Fisher, J A. Logan, L Zhang, I A. Megretskaia, R M. Yantosca, K Singh, D K. Henze, J P. Burrows, M Buchwitz, I Khlystova, W. W Mcmillan, J C. Gille, D P. Edwards, A Eldering, V Thouret, P Nedelec
Global Estimates Of Co Sources With High Resolution By Adjoint Inversion Of Multiple Satellite Datasets (Mopitt, Airs, Sciamachy, Tes), M Kopacz, D J. Jacob, J A. Fisher, J A. Logan, L Zhang, I A. Megretskaia, R M. Yantosca, K Singh, D K. Henze, J P. Burrows, M Buchwitz, I Khlystova, W. W Mcmillan, J C. Gille, D P. Edwards, A Eldering, V Thouret, P Nedelec
Jenny A Fisher
We combine CO column measurements from the MOPITT, AIRS, SCIAMACHY, and TES satellite instruments in a full-year (May 2004–April 2005) global inversion of CO sources at 4◦ ×5◦ spatial resolution and monthly temporal resolution. The inversion uses the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model (CTM) and its adjoint applied to MOPITT, AIRS, and SCIAMACHY. Observations from TES, surface sites (NOAA/GMD), and aircraft (MOZAIC) are used for evaluation of the a posteriori solution. Using GEOSChem as a common intercomparison platform shows global consistency between the different satellite datasets and with the in situ data. Differences can be largely explained by different averaging kernels …
Sources Of Carbonaceous Aerosols And Deposited Black Carbon In The Arctic In Winter-Spring: Implications For Radiative Forcing, Q Wang, D J. Jacob, J A. Fisher, J Mao, E M. Leibensperger, C C. Carouge, P Le Sager, Y Kondo, J L. Jimenez, M J. Cubison, S J. Doherty
Sources Of Carbonaceous Aerosols And Deposited Black Carbon In The Arctic In Winter-Spring: Implications For Radiative Forcing, Q Wang, D J. Jacob, J A. Fisher, J Mao, E M. Leibensperger, C C. Carouge, P Le Sager, Y Kondo, J L. Jimenez, M J. Cubison, S J. Doherty
Jenny A Fisher
We use a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem CTM) to interpret observations of black carbon (BC) and organic aerosol (OA) from the NASA ARCTAS aircraft campaign over the North American Arctic in April 2008, as well as longer-term records in surface air and in snow (2007-2009). BC emission inventories for North America, Europe, and Asia in the model are tested by comparison with surface air observations over these source regions. Russian open fires were the dominant source of OA in the Arctic troposphere during ARCTAS but we find that BC was of prevailingly anthropogenic (fossil fuel and biofuel) origin, particularly …
Chemistry Of Hydrogen Oxide Radicals (Hox) In The Arctic Troposphere In Spring, J Mao, D J. Jacob, M J. Evans, J R. Olson, X Ren, W H. Brune, T M. St. Clair, J D. Crounse, K M. Spencer, M R. Beaver, P O. Wennberg, M J. Cubison, J L. Jimenez, A Fried, P Weibring, J G. Walega, S R. Hall, A J. Weinheimer, R C. Cohen, G Chen, J H. Crawford, C Mcnaughton, A D. Clarke, L Jaegle, Jenny A. Fisher, R M. Yantosca, P Le Sager, C C. Carouge
Chemistry Of Hydrogen Oxide Radicals (Hox) In The Arctic Troposphere In Spring, J Mao, D J. Jacob, M J. Evans, J R. Olson, X Ren, W H. Brune, T M. St. Clair, J D. Crounse, K M. Spencer, M R. Beaver, P O. Wennberg, M J. Cubison, J L. Jimenez, A Fried, P Weibring, J G. Walega, S R. Hall, A J. Weinheimer, R C. Cohen, G Chen, J H. Crawford, C Mcnaughton, A D. Clarke, L Jaegle, Jenny A. Fisher, R M. Yantosca, P Le Sager, C C. Carouge
Jenny A Fisher
We use observations from the April 2008 NASA ARCTAS aircraft campaign to the North American Arctic, interpreted with a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem), to better understand the sources and cycling of hydrogen oxide radicals (HOx≡H+OH+peroxy radicals) and their reservoirs (HOy≡HOx+peroxides) in the springtime Arctic atmosphere. We find that a standard gas-phase chemical mechanism overestimates the observed HO2 and H2O2 concentrations. Computation of HOx and HOy gas-phase chemical budgets on the basis of the aircraft observations also indicates a large missing sink for both. We hypothesize that this could reflect HO2 uptake by aerosols, favored by low temperatures and …
Meteorological Modes Of Variability For Fine Particulate Matter (Pm2.5) Air Quality In The United States: Implications For Pm2.5 Sensitivity To Climate Change, A. P K. Tai, L J. Mickley, D J. Jacob, E M. Leibensperger, L Zhang, J A. Fisher, H. O T. Pye
Meteorological Modes Of Variability For Fine Particulate Matter (Pm2.5) Air Quality In The United States: Implications For Pm2.5 Sensitivity To Climate Change, A. P K. Tai, L J. Mickley, D J. Jacob, E M. Leibensperger, L Zhang, J A. Fisher, H. O T. Pye
Jenny A Fisher
We applied a multiple linear regression model to understand the relationships of PM2.5 with meteorological variables in the contiguous US and from there to infer the sensitivity of PM2.5 to climate change. We used 2004–2008 PM2.5 observations from ~1000 sites (~200 sites for PM2.5 components) and compared to results from the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model (CTM). All data were deseasonalized to focus on synoptic-scale correlations. We find strong positive correlations of PM2.5 components with temperature in most of the US, except for nitrate in the Southeast where the correlation is negative. Relative humidity (RH) is generally positively correlated with sulfate …
Progress On Understanding Atmospheric Mercury Hampered By Uncertain Measurements, Daniel A. Jaffe, Seth Lyman, Helen Amos, M Gustin, Jiaoyan Huang, Noelle E. Selin, Leonard Levin, Arnout Ter Schure, Robert P. Mason, R Talbot, Andrew Rutter, Brandon Finley, Lyatt Jaegle, Viral Shah, Crystal Mcclure, Jesse Ambrose, Lynne Gratz, Steven Lindberg, Peter Weiss-Penzias, Guey-Rong Sheu, Dara Feddersen, Milena Horvat, Ashu Dastoor, Anthony J. Hynes, Huiting Mao, Jeroen E. Sonke, Franz Slemr, Jenny A. Fisher, Ralf Ebinghaus, Yanxu Zhang, Grant Edwards
Progress On Understanding Atmospheric Mercury Hampered By Uncertain Measurements, Daniel A. Jaffe, Seth Lyman, Helen Amos, M Gustin, Jiaoyan Huang, Noelle E. Selin, Leonard Levin, Arnout Ter Schure, Robert P. Mason, R Talbot, Andrew Rutter, Brandon Finley, Lyatt Jaegle, Viral Shah, Crystal Mcclure, Jesse Ambrose, Lynne Gratz, Steven Lindberg, Peter Weiss-Penzias, Guey-Rong Sheu, Dara Feddersen, Milena Horvat, Ashu Dastoor, Anthony J. Hynes, Huiting Mao, Jeroen E. Sonke, Franz Slemr, Jenny A. Fisher, Ralf Ebinghaus, Yanxu Zhang, Grant Edwards
Jenny A Fisher
Mercury (Hg) is a potent neurotoxin and globally reducing environmental levels is seen as paramount for protecting human and wildlife health. In 2013, many countries finalized the negotiations on, and have now signed, the Minamata Convention on Mercury, which commits participating countries to reduce emissions and use of mercury. Successful implementation of the treaty will require adequate verification through globalmonitoring.
Source Attribution And Interannual Variability Of Arctic Pollution In Spring Constrained By Aircraft (Arctas, Arcpac) And Satellite (Airs) Observations Of Carbon Monoxide, J A. Fisher, D J. Jacob, M T. Purdy, M Kopacz, P Le Sager, C C. Carouge, C D. Holmes, R M. Yantosca, R L. Batchelor, K Strong, G S. Diskin, H E. Fuelberg, J S. Holloway, E J. Hyer, W. W Mcmillan, J Warner, D G. Streets, Q Zhang, Y Yang, S Wu
Source Attribution And Interannual Variability Of Arctic Pollution In Spring Constrained By Aircraft (Arctas, Arcpac) And Satellite (Airs) Observations Of Carbon Monoxide, J A. Fisher, D J. Jacob, M T. Purdy, M Kopacz, P Le Sager, C C. Carouge, C D. Holmes, R M. Yantosca, R L. Batchelor, K Strong, G S. Diskin, H E. Fuelberg, J S. Holloway, E J. Hyer, W. W Mcmillan, J Warner, D G. Streets, Q Zhang, Y Yang, S Wu
Jenny A Fisher
We use aircraft observations of carbon monoxide (CO) from the NASA ARCTAS and NOAA ARCPAC campaigns in April 2008 together with multiyear (2003– 2008) CO satellite data from the AIRS instrument and a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to better understand the sources, transport, and interannual variability of pollution in the Arctic in spring. Model simulation of the aircraft data gives best estimates of CO emissions in April 2008 of 26 Tg month−1 for Asian anthropogenic, 9.4 for European anthropogenic, 4.1 for North American anthropogenic, 15 for Russian biomass burning (anomalously large that year), and 23 for Southeast Asian biomass …
North Polar Frontal Clouds And Dust Storms On Mars During Spring And Summer, Huiqun Wang, Jenny A. Fisher
North Polar Frontal Clouds And Dust Storms On Mars During Spring And Summer, Huiqun Wang, Jenny A. Fisher
Jenny A Fisher
The complete archive of Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) Mars Daily Global Maps (MDGM) are used to study north polar clouds and dust storms that exhibit frontal structures during the spring and summer (Ls 0–180°). Results show that frontal events generally follow the edge of the polar cap during spring and mid/late summer with a gap in the distribution in early summer. The exact duration and timing of the gap vary from year to year. Twww.lw20.comen to twenty percent of spring and summer time frontal events exhibit complex morphologies. Distinct temperature signatures are associated with features observed …
A Survey Of Martian Dust Devil Activity Using Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera Images, Jenny A. Fisher, Mark I. Richardson, Claire E. Newman, Mark A. Szwast, Chelsea Graf, Shabari Basu, Shawn P. Ewald, Anthony D. Toigo, R. John Wilson
A Survey Of Martian Dust Devil Activity Using Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera Images, Jenny A. Fisher, Mark I. Richardson, Claire E. Newman, Mark A. Szwast, Chelsea Graf, Shabari Basu, Shawn P. Ewald, Anthony D. Toigo, R. John Wilson
Jenny A Fisher
A survey of dust devils using the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) wide- and narrow-angle (WA and NA) images has been undertaken. The survey comprises two parts: (1) sampling of nine broad regions from September 1997 to July 2001 and (2) a focused seasonal monitoring of variability in the Amazonis region, an active dust devil site, from March 2001 to April 2004. For part 1, dust devils were identified in NA and WA images, and dust devil tracks were identified in NA images. Great spatial variability in dust devil occurrence is highlighted, with Amazonis Planitia being the …
Gas-Particle Partitioning Of Atmospheric Hg(Ii) And Its Effect On Global Mercury Deposition, H M. Amos, D J. Jacob, C D. Holmes, Jenny A. Fisher, Q Wang, R M. Yantosca, E S. Corbitt, E Galarneau, A P. Rutter, M S. Gustin, A Steffen, J J. Schauer, J A. Graydon, V L. St Louis, R W. Talbot, E S. Edgerton, Y Zhang, E N. Sunderland
Gas-Particle Partitioning Of Atmospheric Hg(Ii) And Its Effect On Global Mercury Deposition, H M. Amos, D J. Jacob, C D. Holmes, Jenny A. Fisher, Q Wang, R M. Yantosca, E S. Corbitt, E Galarneau, A P. Rutter, M S. Gustin, A Steffen, J J. Schauer, J A. Graydon, V L. St Louis, R W. Talbot, E S. Edgerton, Y Zhang, E N. Sunderland
Jenny A Fisher
Atmospheric deposition represents a major input of mercury to surface environments. The phase of mercury (gas or particle) has important implications for its removal from the atmosphere. We use long-term observations of reactive gaseous mercury (RGM), particle-bound mercury (PBM), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and temperature at five sites in North America to derive an empirical gas-particle partitioning relationship log10(K-1) = (10 ± 1) − (2500 ± 300)/T where K = (PBM/PM2.5)/RGM with PBM and RGM in common mixing ratio units, PM2.5 in μg m−3, and T in Kelvin. This relationship is in the range of previous work but is based …
Exploring Co Pollution Episodes Observed At Rishiri Island By Chemical Weather Simulations And Airs Satellite Measurements: Long-Range Transport Of Burning Plumes And Implications For Emissions Inventories, Hiroshi Tanimoto, Keiichi Sato, Tim Butler, Mark G. Lawrence, Jenny A. Fisher, M Kopacz, Robert M. Yantosca, Yugo Kanaya, Shungo Kato, Tomoaki Okuda, Shigeru Tanaka, Jiye Zeng
Exploring Co Pollution Episodes Observed At Rishiri Island By Chemical Weather Simulations And Airs Satellite Measurements: Long-Range Transport Of Burning Plumes And Implications For Emissions Inventories, Hiroshi Tanimoto, Keiichi Sato, Tim Butler, Mark G. Lawrence, Jenny A. Fisher, M Kopacz, Robert M. Yantosca, Yugo Kanaya, Shungo Kato, Tomoaki Okuda, Shigeru Tanaka, Jiye Zeng
Jenny A Fisher
The summer of 2003 was an active forest fire season in Siberia. Several events of elevated carbon monoxide (CO) were observed at Rishiri Island in northern Japan during an intensive field campaign in September 2003. A simulation with a global chemistry-transport model is able to reproduce the general features of the baseline levels and variability in the observed CO, and a source attribution for CO in the model suggests that the contribution from North Asia dominated, accounting for approximately 50% on average, with contributions of 7% from North America and 8% from Europe and 30% from oxidation of hydrocarbons. With …
Error Correlation Between Co2 And Co As Constraint For Co2 Flux Inversions Using Satellite Data, H Wang, D J. Jacob, M Kopacz, D B. A Jones, P Suntharalingam, J A. Fisher, R Nassar, S Pawson, J E. Nielsen
Error Correlation Between Co2 And Co As Constraint For Co2 Flux Inversions Using Satellite Data, H Wang, D J. Jacob, M Kopacz, D B. A Jones, P Suntharalingam, J A. Fisher, R Nassar, S Pawson, J E. Nielsen
Jenny A Fisher
Inverse modeling of CO2 satellite observations to better quantify carbon surface fluxes requires a chemical transport model (CTM) to relate the fluxes to the observed column concentrations. CTM transport error is a major source of uncertainty. We show that its effect can be reduced by using CO satellite observations as additional constraint in a joint CO2-CO inversion. CO is measured from space with high precision, is strongly correlated with CO2, and is more sensitive than CO2 to CTM transport errors on synoptic and smaller scales. Exploiting this constraint requires statistics for the CTM transport error correlation between CO2 and CO, …