Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Heroines Of Film And Television: Portrayals In Popular Culture, Carol Savery, Maja Bajac-Carter, Bob Batchelor

Carol Savery

As portrayals of heroic women gain ground in film, television, and other media, their depictions are breaking free of females as versions of male heroes or simple stereotypes of acutely weak or overly strong women. Although heroines continue to represent the traditional roles of mothers, goddesses, warriors, whores, witches, and priestesses, these women are no longer just damsels in distress or violent warriors.

In Heroines of Film and Television: Portrayals in Popular Culture, award-winning authors from a variety of disciplines examine the changing roles of heroic women across time. In this volume, editors Norma Jones, Maja Bajac-Carter, and Bob Batchelor …

The Identity Complex: The Portrayal Of Archivists In Film, Anne Daniel, Amanda Oliver

Anne Daniel

Exploring Reading Habits And Academic Success In Rural Kenya, Florence Mugambi

Florence N. Mugambi

Social Motivation Is Associated With Elevated Salivary Cortisol In Boys With An Asd, Vicki Bitsika, Christopher Sharpley, Linda Agnew, Nicholas Andronicos

Vicki Bitsika

Because social communication difficulties and stress are common in children with an ASD, and because it has been hypothesised that the two are related, the association between these two variables was investigated in a sample of 90 boys with an ASD and who were aged between 6 years and 12 years of age. The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) was completed by the parents of these boys about their sons, plus salivary cortisol samples were collected from the boys. Results indicated that only one aspect of the boys' SRS was significantly correlated with cortisol—Social Motivation (SM). Factor analyses revealed two discrete …

Measuring Depression In Prostate Cancer Patients: Does The Scale Used Make A Difference?, Christopher Sharpley, Vicki Bitsika, David Christie, Myra Hunter

Vicki Bitsika

This study investigated differences in the scores, relative severity and major depressive disorder (MDD) and subsyndromal depression status from three standardised self-report scales for depression in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Depression subscale (HADS-D), the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for depression were administered to a sample of 138 PCa patients via mail-out self-reports in Queensland, Australia during May 2014. Despite significant correlations between the total scores from the three scales, severity classification differed across the three scales and there was evidence of considerable underestimation of depression by the HADS-D …

Age-Related Differences In The Association Between Stereotypic Behaviour And Salivary Cortisol In Young Males With An Autism Spectrum Disorder, Vicki Bitsika, Christopher Sharpley, Linda Agnew, Nicholas Andronicos

Vicki Bitsika

To identify if age influenced the relationship between one of the central symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and physiological stress, the association between stereotypic behaviour (SB) and stress-related cortisol concentrations was examined in a sample of 150 young males with an ASD. Parent-rated SB was significantly correlated with cortisol concentrations for boys aged 6 years to 12 years but not for adolescents aged 13 years to 18 years. This age-related difference in this association was not a function of cortisol concentrations but was related to differences in SB across these two age groups. IQ did not have a significant …

Chicle: The Chewing Gum Of The Americas, From The Ancient Maya To William Wrigley, Jennifer Mathews, Gillian Schultz

Jennifer P Mathews

Although Juicy Fruit® gum was introduced to North Americans in 1893, Native Americans in Mesoamerica were chewing gum thousands of years earlier. And although in the last decade “biographies” have been devoted to salt, spices, chocolate, coffee, and other staples of modern life, until now there has never been a full history of chewing gum. Chicle is a history in four acts, all of them focused on the sticky white substance that seeps from the sapodilla tree when its bark is cut. First, Jennifer Mathews recounts the story of chicle and its earliest-known adherents, the Maya and Aztecs. Second, with …

Jungle Rails: A Historic Narrow-Gauge Railway In Quintana Roo, Jennifer Mathews, Lilia Lizama-Rogers

Jennifer P Mathews

Whereas much of this volume is focused on the ancient Maya, this chapter will highlight the historic chicle industry; the associated railway that traversed the northern corner of Quintana Roo, Mexico; and the recent documentation of the feature through archaeological fieldwork. We believe this to be an important slice of history in Quintana Roo because the lives of the modern Maya often lie in the shadow of their ancient ancestors. Since 1997, members of the Yalahau Regional Human Ecology Project have been studying the 40 km railway, which runs between the modern pueblos of Leona Vicario and Puerto Morelos (Mathews …

Cosmopolitan Living? Examining The Sugar And Rum Industry Of The Costa Escondida, Quintana Roo Mexico, Jennifer Mathews, John Gust

Jennifer P Mathews

No abstract provided.

El Proyecto Regional De Ecología Humana Yalahau: Una Introducción A Las Investigaciones Y Los Resúmes De Estudios Llevados Acabo Desde 1993-2000, Scott Fedick, Jennifer Mathews, Bethany Morrison

Jennifer P Mathews

No abstract provided.

The Value Of Things: Commodities In The Maya Region From Prehistoric To Contemporary, Jennifer Mathews, Thomas Guderjan

Jennifer P Mathews

No abstract provided.

The Hidden World Of The Maritime Maya: Lost Landscapes Along The North Coast Of Quintana Roo, Mexico, Jeffrey Glover, Dominique Rissolo, Jennifer Mathews

Jennifer P Mathews

At the northeast tip of the Yucatán Peninsula - where the Caribbean meets the Gulf of Mexico - lies a wild and largely unexplored coastline that bore witness to one of the greatest seafaring traditions of the ancient New World (Fig. 11.1). Maya traders once plied the waters of the Laguna Holbox in massive dugout canoes filled with goods from across Mesoamerica (Thompson 1949; Edwards 1973, p. 201; Romero 1991; Romero and Gurrola Briones 1991, 1995; Leshikar 1996). Each port was a link in a chain connecting people and ideas, and supporting the ambitions of city and state. Maritime trade …

Uaxactun, Jennifer Mathews

Jennifer P Mathews

Sylvanus Morley of the Carnegie Institution of Washington discovered the ancient Maya site of Uaxactun (17.4° N, 89.6° W) in 1916 (see also Map 3). He soon encountered a stela (upright stone monument) with the Long Count date 8.14.10.13.15, April 11, AD 328 (see also Calendar). Since this was the first monument with a cycle 8 glyph ever found, he named the site "Uaxactun" from the Maya uaxac, meaning "eight," and tun, meaning "stone." In addition to Morley, a number of notable Carnegie Institution archaeologists worked at the site, including Frans Blom, Oliver Ricketson, A. Ledyard Smith, and Edwin Shook. …

Tenth To Thirteenth Centuries: Peak Of Post-Classical Maya Culture (Chichén Itzá), Jennifer Mathews

Jennifer P Mathews

No abstract provided.

San Bartolo, Jennifer Mathews

Jennifer P Mathews

The ancient Maya site of San Bartolo (17.5° N, 89.4° W) was a regional capital located approximately 30 km northeast of Uaxactun in the Department of the Petén, Guatemala (see also Map 3). It is located within the 430 km² San Bartolo-Xultun Territory, which is dominated by bajos (seasonally inundated swamps or wetlands), forming a natural boundary around the area. These bajos are filled with stunted vegetation, including the palo de tinte tree, which the Maya harvested and used as a natural dye. The territory also contains many aguadas (ponds that have been modified by humans) and chert sources, which …

Privateering, Piracy And British Policy In Spanish America 1810-1830 [Review], Jennifer Mathews

Jennifer P Mathews

No abstract provided.

Archaeologists Working With The Contemporary Yucatec Maya, Dominique Rissolo, Jennifer Mathews

Jennifer P Mathews

The nature of an archaeological project often requires that researchers establish a temporary residence in a local community. Concern for conditions that affect, and are affected by, their presence in this new place and space is often considered peripheral to the task of realizing research objectives. In fact, many archaeologists would admit to enjoying a certain sense of security in their perceived temporal, and therefore legitimized, dislocation from their object of study. In the most extreme cases, an archaeologist might resemble a geologist – extracting, observing, or examining symbolically inert physical material with little regard to contemporary cultural contexts.

Lifeways In The Northern Maya Lowlands: New Approaches To Archaeology In The Yucatán Peninsula, Jennifer Mathews, Bethany Morrison

Jennifer P Mathews

The flat, dry reaches of the northern Yucatan Peninsula have been largely ignored by archaeologists drawn to the more illustrious sites of the south. This book is the first volume to focus entirely on the northern Maya lowlands, presenting a broad cross-section of current research projects in the region by both established and up-and-coming scholars. To address the heretofore unrecognized importance of the northern lowlands in Maya prehistory, the contributors cover key topics relevant to Maya studies: the environmental and historical significance of the region, the archaeology of both large and small sites, the development of agriculture, resource management, ancient …

The Yalahau Regional Human Ecology Project: An Introduction And Summary Of Recent Research, Scott Fedick, Jennifer Mathews

Jennifer P Mathews

The Yalahau Regional Human Ecology Project was initiated in 1993 to investigate ancient Maya settlement patterns, land use, and political organization within a unique wetland-dominated environmental region of northern Quintana Roo, Mexico (see fig. 2.1). Although the Yucatán Peninsula has seen a great deal of archaeological research over the last several decades, the northeastern corner has been one of the least examined areas of the northern Maya lowlands. Prior to the initiation of the Yalahau project, little archaeological investigation had been conducted in the region beyond brief visits and preliminary investigations by Alberto Escalona Ramos in 1937 (1946), William Sanders …

Artículos De Costa: Las Industrias Extractivas De Fines Del Siglo Xix Y Principios Del Siglo Xx En El Norte De Quintana Roo, México, Jennifer Mathews, Stephanie Croatt, John Gust

Jennifer P Mathews

No abstract provided.

Archaeology Meccas Of Tourism: Exploration, Protection, And Exploitation, Quetzil Castañeda, Jennifer Mathews

Jennifer P Mathews

This chapter is divided into two distinct sections that are positioned in a point-counterpoint structure of dialogue. These two position statements invoke the etymological meanings of the word essay: to attempt, put to the test, trial, to act out, to explore, travel, or to travail. The first is an historical analysis written in the third person by an anthropologist whose expertise includes the ethnography of archaeology and the anthropology of tourism. The second is a counterpoint commentary written by an anthropologist whose specializations include Pre-Columbian and historical archaeology. Both of us have significant research experience in the same area of …

Late Formative And Early Classic Interaction Spheres Reflected In The Megalithic Styles, Jennifer Mathews, Rubén Cárdenas

Jennifer P Mathews

Interpreting the politics of the Late Formative and Early Classic periods has special challenges. This chapter examines the topic in the Yucatán Peninsula through the concept of the interaction sphere, as reflected in shared architectural styles.

Yalahau Region, Jennifer Mathews

Jennifer P Mathews

This 3,000-km² region is located in northern Quintana Roo, Mexico, in the northeastern corner of the Yucatan Peninsula. The boundary of this region runs from the north coast 75 km southward, is 40 km wide, and is defined primarily by its unique water resources. It is characterized by a karstic limestone platform that contains only a few small lakes and no surface rivers. Despite this, it has the most abundant water sources of the entire peninsula. First, it receives the greatest annual rainfall of the northern Maya lowlands (up to 2,000 mm), which recharges an underground aquifer and contributes …

A Tale Of Two Projects: Comparative Findings Of The Cras And Yalahau Projects, Jennifer Mathews

Jennifer P Mathews

I have worked with Justine M. Shaw in the Yucatán peninsula for more than 20 years, and it is a real pleasure to see the summation of her project's work thus far in this edited volume. As codirector of the Yalahau Regional Human Ecology Project (with Scott Fedick), I have worked to the north of the CRAS project in the Yalahau region of Quintana Roo. The CRAS and Yalahau projects have shared a similar trajectory for many years. Although both projects have focused several seasons on individual sites (for example, El Naranjal, T'isil, Vista Alegre, and Xuxub in the Yalahu …

Quintana Roo Archaeology, Justine Shaw, Jennifer Mathews

Jennifer P Mathews

Mexico’s southern state of Quintana Roo is often perceived by archaeologists as a blank spot on the map of the Maya world, a region generally assumed to hold little of interest thanks to its relative isolation from the rest of Mexico. But salvage archaeology required by recent development along the “Maya Riviera,” along with a suite of other ongoing and recent research projects, have shown that the region was critical in connecting coastal and inland zones, and it is now viewed as an important area in its own right from Preclassic through post-contact times. The first volume devoted to the …

Chichén Itzá, Jennifer Mathews

Jennifer P Mathews

No abstract provided.

Ways Of War In The Americas: Mayas And Aztecs (Ad 700-1500), Jennifer Mathews

Jennifer P Mathews

No abstract provided.

Chicle, Jennifer Mathews

Jennifer P Mathews

No abstract provided.

Profiling Arson, Katarina Fritzon, Rebekah Doley, Ryan Bell

Ryan Bell

Overview: Criminal psychological profiling is the forensic technique of inferring personal, psychological, demographic, and behavioral characteristics of offenders based on crime scene evidence. While the majority of research concerning criminal pro-filing has been focused on the investigation of crimes of sexual violence such as murder and rape, criminal psychological profiling is frequently described as being applicable to the investigation of serial arson crimes, and the frequency with which psychological profiling has been used in the investigation of arson crimes has been growing steadily over the past 30 years (Drabsch 2004; Kocsis 2004, 2006; Turvey1999). This current entry reviews the growing …

Plenary Dialogue: Sustainable Human Development, J. Brinkmoeller, Ejim Dike, Kate Donald, Natalie Hudson, Jane Sloane

Natalie Florea Hudson

J. Mark Brinkmoeller is director of the Center for Faith-based and Community Initiatives with the U.S. Agency for International Development. Ejim Dike is executive director of the U.S. Human Rights Network. Kate Donald is director of the Human Rights in Development program at the Center for Economic and Social Rights. Natalie Hudson is director of the Human Rights Studies program at the University of Dayton. Jane Sloane is vice president of programs for the Global Fund for Women.