Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Security Challenges And The Survival Of Democracy In Nigeria: An Assessment Of Niger East Senatorial District, Niger State, Yahuza Danjuma Izom

Journal of Terrorism Studies

The study assessed security challenges in relation to survival of democracy in Nigeria with focus on Niger East Senatorial District. The methodology adopted for the study is descriptive research. The population of the study was drawn from nine local government areas that constituted the district with a population of 1,513,469 (NPC, 2006). Sample size of 380 was used and the sampling technique was simple random sampling technique. Questionnaire was used as the research instrument which was well structured in two parts. Part (A) is the biodata of the respondent and part (B) was on the subject matter of the research …

Power Projection And Counter-Terrorism: Strategies For Small States Like Brunei Darussalam, Brice Tseen Fu Lee, Gulshan Bibi Ms

Journal of Terrorism Studies

This study delves into the intricacies of power projection strategies and counter-terrorism measures, emphasizing their relevance to small states, with a specific focus on Brunei Darussalam. Using a dual matrix model, the research categorizes various strategies based on risk-reward parameters, offering a structured insight into potential approaches these states can employ against potential aggressors. The counter-terrorism matrix is the initial focal point, recognizing the contemporary significance of terror threats and their unique challenges for small nations. Subsequently, the power projection matrix offers a broader view of defense tactics beyond counter-terrorism. By synthesizing information from primary academic sources, the study aims …

A Comparison Between A Terrorist Leader And A Lone-Wolf Operative In Bangladesh, Fatema Islam

Journal of Terrorism Studies

The article compares the biography and terrorist portrait of two terrorists of Bangladesh: Mufti Abdul Hannan, a pioneer leader of the prominent terrorist organization Huji-B, and a lone wolf operative named Faizul Hasan. The study reveals the existence of the multifaceted dynamics of the leader (Mufti) and lone wolf (Faizul) encompassing organizational affiliation, operational independence, radicalization processes, motivations, objectives, and the scale of their operations. The study also finds that the pattern of operation of a terrorist leader (Mufti) and the lone wolf terrorist (Faizul) differed significantly in terms of planning, execution, and level of organizational support. While the terrorist …

Contra Radicalism Through The Interpreting Verse Of Jihad (Case Study On Nu Online Platform), Kholifah Rahmawati, Heriyanto Heriyanto

Journal of Terrorism Studies

This research attempts to map counter-radicalism in religious-based efforts carried out by a religious organization through digital platforms. With a virtual ethnographic model that focuses on text analysis, it is known that NU Online has carried out counter-radicalism through a religious interpretation approach. By targeting jihad verses, counter-radicalism is done in three ways, namely, deconstruction of the meaning of jihad, reconstruction of the meaning of jihad, and counter-narrative of jihad verses with peace verses. Apart from that, NU Online is also increasing its influence in the digital space by strengthening its narrative and identity as a moderate group with national …

The Pride Pipeline: Violent Nationalism In The United States, Emily Veloz

Student Scholar Symposium Abstracts and Posters

A striking rise in American Nationalism has emerged due to varying factors; however, a particular selection of identities have acted as primary contributors to this phenomenon. This piece navigates the increasing application of violence in the political arena in tandem with the impacts of racial, socioeconomic, and social factors that have fueled this collective aggression. Previous research points toward the hyperpolarization that has been perpetuated by political figures and media outlets, the augmentation of a psychological us-vs.-them mentality, and the perceived threat to American hegemony across the globe. Through an analysis of data provided by the 9th edition of the …

Keepers Of The Peace Or Soldiers: An Analysis Of The 1983 Beirut Marine Barracks Bombing And The Rationale Behind Deploying Troops In A Peacekeeping Capacity, Brock Bellinger

Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History

Despite President Reagan’s historic foreign policy success in ushering in the collapse of the Soviet Union and liberation of Eastern Europe, the loss of life during the Beirut Marine barracks bombing marks a substantial failure in Reagan’s foreign policy record. Reagan’s foreign policy failure in Beirut that resulted in the deaths of 241 Americans merits further examination amongst students of international relations as this peacekeeping mission illustrates the dangers of sending American troops into harm’s way without a clear and decisive goal and exit strategy. By evaluating the 1983 Beirut Marine barracks bombing, the hindsight and judgment of history allows …

Parameters Winter 2023-24 Full Issue, Usawc Press

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.

Introduction To The China Landpower Studies Center, Richard D. Butler

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

Welcome to the Director’s Corner for the China Landpower Studies Center (CLSC). This will be a regular feature in Parameters that will discuss critical military and security issues related to China, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), and the People’s Liberation Army (PLA). It will also highlight the Center’s research agenda and key activities. My objective in this first installment is to outline the purpose, organization, capabilities, research agenda, and expected products of the Center.

From The Editor In Chief, Antulio J. Echevarria Ii

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

Welcome to the Winter 2023–24 issue of Parameters. This issue opens with two In Focus commentaries offering observations from the Russia-Ukraine War, two forums addressing deterrence and strategic influence, and the inaugural Director’s Corner for the China Landpower Studies Center (CLSC).

The Unyielding Menace: Investigating The Global Impact Of The Islamic State (Is) And The Rise Of Non-State Actors In Modern Security, Sohail Ahmad, Maria Jawad Khan

CBER Conference

This research paper delves into the profound impact of the Islamic State on global terrorism and security dynamics. By exploring the origins, ideology, organization, recruitment methods, and operational strategies of the Islamic State, this research unravel the intricate web that fuels its rise. Through a case study approach, the research sheds light on the global reach of the Islamic State, its vast networks, and the powerful motivations behind its actions.

Us-Russia Foreign Policy: Confronting Russia’S Geographic Anxieties, Caitlin P. Irby

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

The United States must place Russia’s focus on geographic concerns at the center of future strategy development to build a constructive relationship with Russia and achieve US regional goals. This article analyzes Russia’s geography and historical impact on Russian foreign policy, outlines Moscow’s current foreign policy goals, and highlights underlying concerns for US policymakers and military practitioners. By pursuing policies that support Russian goals of economic integration, mitigation of demographic concerns, and security of national borders, the United States can set the foundation for productive engagement on critical issues.

A Call To Action: Lessons From Ukraine For The Future Force, Katie Crombe, John A. Nagl

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

Fifty years ago, the US Army faced a strategic inflection point after a failed counterinsurgency effort in Vietnam. In response to lessons learned from the Yom Kippur War, the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command was created to reorient thinking and doctrine around the conventional Soviet threat. Today’s Army must embrace the Russo-Ukrainian conflict as an opportunity to reorient the force into one as forward-thinking and formidable as the Army that won Operation Desert Storm. This article suggests changes the Army should make to enable success in multidomain large-scale combat operations at today’s strategic inflection point.

The Chechen Kadyrovtsy’S Coercive Violence In Ukraine, Wilson A. Jones

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

Russia pioneered exploiting civilian inequalities to maximize military effectiveness in Chechnya, contributing to the Kadyrovtsy blocking detachments observed in Ukraine. Kadyrovtsy, pro-Russian Chechens, are drawn from a unique political order enabling this specialized military role. Military inequality literature typically ignores how minority-ethnic forces often serve in specialized combat roles. Understanding the Chechen Wars, the Kadyrov regime, and living standards in Russia helps explain these minority-ethnic blocking detachments in Ukraine. Analysis of this vital section of Putin’s regime offers actionable recommendations for Western actors to undermine Russian military efforts and identifies the potential risks of those actions.

Contributor Guidelines, Usawc Press

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.

Urban Resistance To Occupation: An Underestimated Element Of Land Warfare, Kevin D. Stringer, Jelle J. H. Hooiveld

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

With the world trending toward urbanization, and Russia and China acting aggressively toward Ukraine and Taiwan, respectively, the conduct of irregular warfare in built-up environments—specifically, urban resistance to occupation—merits greater study. The authors’ Dutch-language and primary source research on the Netherlands’ World War II urban resistance to German occupation makes this article unique. It provides deeper insights into the occupation experiences of a highly urbanized, densely populated country in which clandestine underground and auxiliary elements played paramount roles in resistance efforts for most of the occupation period. It also illustrates the feasibility of overt, guerrilla-based activity in urban environments during …

The Impact Of Antarctic Treaty Challenges On The Us Military, Ryan J. Bridley, Kevin W. Matthews

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

While the Antarctic Treaty of 1961 largely prevented conflicts on the continent, growing challenges to the treaty system could affect the United States and the global community. Through historical documents and press reports, this article examines ice deterioration, unreported and unregulated fishing, resource extraction preparation, hostilities between treaty members, and the roles of China and Russia in the region. It provides recommendations for policymakers and military strategists on how the United States can maintain global security and treaty interests—and the potential request for intervention—within the guidelines of the National Security Strategy.

Srad Director's Corner: Us Army War College Russia-Ukraine War Study Project, Eric Hartunian

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

The Strategic Studies Institute at the US Army War College is analyzing the operational events and activities of the Russia-Ukraine War to understand the war’s strategic implications for the US Army and its role within the NATO Alliance. Analysis will further inform theater and national US strategy and may benefit Army doctrine and concepts vis-à-vis the Russian threat. It will also examine how US and allied defense policies should adjust to the current character of war. Lessons learned from Ukraine are relevant to the evolving challenge in the Pacific in the near term and are opportunities for the United States …

A Historical Perspective On Today’S Recruiting Crisis, Brian Mcallister Linn

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

This article analyzes the US Army’s successive recruiting crises, identifying their consistent patterns and the efforts to resolve them, and makes three provocative arguments. First, there is a long-standing institutional tension between recruiting personnel for the combat arms and technical and administrative specialists. Second, many of today’s talent management problems were first identified in a 1907 General Staff report and reiterated in subsequent studies. Third, the Army has pursued innovative recruitment strategies, but much of their success depended on factors outside the service’s control. The essay concludes with four history-based recruiting lessons and an affirmation that the 2019 Army People …

Autumn Book Reviews, Usawc Press

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.

From The Acting Editor In Chief, Conrad C. Crane

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

Welcome to the Autumn 2023 issue of Parameters. This issue includes two In Focus special commentaries, a Strategic Challenges forum, a Historical Studies forum, and the SRAD Director’s Corner.

Parameters Autumn 2023, Usawc Press

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.

The Strategic Importance Of Taiwan To The United States And Its Allies: Part Two – Policy Since The Start Of The Russia-Ukraine War, Luke P. Bellocchi

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

Taiwan has become increasingly important to the United States and its allies as the Russia-Ukraine War has united democracies against authoritarian expansionism and indeed has developed an international democracy-authoritarianism dynamic in global affairs. Part one of this article clearly outlined the geopolitical, economic, and soft-power reasons why Taiwan is strategically important. Part two reviews the development of US and allied policy statements on Taiwan—from the invasion of Ukraine in 2022 to the present—and provides policymakers and military strategists with incremental but realistic recommendations for understanding the current dynamic of the region and fashioning responses to deter further authoritarian aggression.

Evolving Patterns Of Violence In Developing Countries, Brian Michael Jenkins, Bruce R. Butterworth, Sachi Yagu

Mineta Transportation Institute

In August 2022, MTI issued a report entitled Changing Patterns of Violence Pose New Challenges to Public Surface Transportation in the United States. That report analyzed the frequency and lethality of attacks on public surface transport in economically advanced countries. But what has been going on in non-economically advanced countries – the vast majority of countries in the world? Using the MTI database of Terrorist and Serious Criminal Attacks Against Public Surface Transportation, the authors analyzed attacks against passenger trains and train stations, buses and bus stations and stops, and all rail infrastructure and operating and security personnel in both …

Servant Leadership And Violent Extremism: An Evaluative Framework, Eric J. Russell, Ardian Shajkovci

Servant Leadership: Theory & Practice

The following article presents a conceptual servant leadership framework for evaluating preventing violent extremism (PVE) policies and programs. The purpose of the work was to discover how servant leadership could strengthen existing PVE evaluative strategies. This article stems from work being done in servant leadership, counterterrorism, and countering violent extremism at Nichols College and Utah Valley University. The authors used a secondary analysis of empirical and literary servant leadership and PVE works to develop the framework. The analysis revealed a relationship between servant leadership’s commitment to the growth of people and building community and the need for PVE to be …

Migration And Terrorism In Europe: A Nexus Of Two Crises, Shreya Sinha

International Journal on Responsibility

The migration surge into the borders of the European Union has become a major problem in Europe as it has led to several challenges to societal integration and political legitimacy. It is also a danger to cultural identity, domestic and labour market stability as well as internal security, such that a migrant is often perceived as a threat to European society. The first part of the paper attempts to throw light on this migration-security nexus in Europe and how migration has developed into a security issue. The second part discusses how the two crises of migration and terrorism have come …

Perspektif Intelijen : Analasis Menghadapi Tantangan Mewujudkan Sdgs Pada Sektor Lingkungan Hidup Di Indonesia, Ahnaf Tsaqif Firdaus, Adrianus Sapta Anggara

Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional

Penelitian ini merupakan sebuah studi lebih lanjut dalam menghadapi kompleksitas tantangan terkait pencapaian Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), terutama dalam sektor lingkungan hidup di Indonesia. Dalam menghadapi dinamika global dan nasional yang semakin kompleks, pemahaman yang dalam terhadap isu-isu lingkungan menjadi sangat penting dalam merumuskan kebijakan yang efektif dalam setiap pengambilan keputusan. Dengan mengkolaborasikannya dengan teori konstruktivisme dalam dunia hubungan internasional bahwasanya setiap aktor dapat memiliki peran dalam mencapai kepentingan suatu negara. Penelitian ini secara khusus menekankan peran krusial intelijen dalam mengumpulkan, menganalisis, dan menyediakan informasi strategis untuk membimbing langkah-langkah pemerintah dan pemangku kepentingan dalam mencapai tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan (SDGs). Dengan …

Transformasi Sistem Pertahanan Siber Indonesia Dengan Bssn Sebagai Poros & Motor Penggerak Menuju Angkatan Siber Mandiri Di Masa Depan, Arinaldo Adma, Yusuf Marsel Surbakti, Puspita Sari

Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional

Abstract

Cyber threats are becoming more widespread due to the increasing digitalization in all sectors and entities which include individuals, businesses, and government. To maintain stability, economic growth, and national sovereignty, it is essential for country to have a comprehensive and effective cyber threat prevention and management system. In 2023, Lemhanas proposed a strategy to develop cyber forces as a new branch in the Indonesian national army structure to face the dynamics of the strategic environment. However, the current limitations in digital talent, ICT infrastructure, management systems, and funding pose challenges in implementing this strategy. This research aims to find …

Narkoterorisme Sebagai Ancaman Bonus Demografi : Perspektif Sekuritisasi Ketahanan Nasional, Ade Aryanti Fahriani, Bagus Ridho Akustyo, Saur Martha Agustina

Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional

The proliferation of narcotics issues in Indonesia has grown increasingly complex, impacting social security and national resilience. The substantial profit from the narcotics trade presents opportunities as a financing avenue for acts and terrorist groups. The integration of narcotics trade with illicit activities creates the potential for connection and convergence between drug trafficking criminal organizations and terrorist organizations, as known as narcoterrorism. Despite the forthcoming demographic bonus in Indonesia, the younger generation is overshadowed by radical ideologies, and the abuse and illicit trafficking of narcotics, which could jeopardize the quality of the demographic bonus. Therefore, there is a perceived need …

The Impact Of Russia-Ukraine War On Energy Policy Maneuvers To Strengthen Energy Security And Cybersecurity In Indonesia, Bobby Adhityo Rizaldi, Abdi Manab Idris, Nurbaiti Nurbaiti

Journal of Terrorism Studies

The war between Russia and Ukraine is highly discussed in global geopolitics and geostrategy. The strategy of attacking Russia directly at the point of a vital national object, namely the power plant, which was preceded by a cyber attack at the Nuclear Power Plant in Chornobyl, followed by a conventional physical attack from the air, resulted in an energy crisis in Ukraine. The resulting war affects many sectors, such as the energy sector, food, and supply chains, especially (at the end of 2021) before the war. WTI oil price was only around 75$/barrel, but when the war broke out, the …

Exploring China’S Response To The Rohingya Crisis: A Liberal Perspective, Changrui Yuan, Brice Tseen Fu Lee

Journal of Terrorism Studies

This paper examines China's response to the Rohingya crisis in Myanmar from a theoretical perspective, drawing on both liberal and Asian cultural values. The study adopts a qualitative approach and employs document analysis to collect data. The findings suggest that China's response to the crisis can be explained by the liberal values of interdependence, cooperation, and institutionalism, which have guided China's peaceful and cooperative approach to resolving the conflict. However, the study also reveals the importance of Asian cultural values, particularly empathy and save-face, in shaping China's diplomatic behavior towards the crisis. The paper argues that China's response to the …