Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Countering Terrorism On Tomorrow’S Battlefield: Critical Infrastructure Security And Resiliency (Nato Coe-Dat Handbook 2), Sarah J. Lohmann, Lucas M. Cox, Denise Feldner, Trevor P. Helmy, Frank J. Kuzminski, Marcus Mohlin, Aleksander Olech, Wuraola Oyewusi, Gabriel T. Raicu, Silke Ruhl, Sabrina Schulz, Máté Tóth, Megan A. Ward

Monographs, Collaborative Studies, & IRPs

Every day, malicious actors target emerging technologies and medical resilience or seek to wreak havoc in the wake of disasters brought on by climate change, energy insecurity, and supply-chain disruptions. Countering Terrorism on Tomorrow’s Battlefield is a handbook on how to strengthen critical infrastructure resilience in an era of emerging threats. The counterterrorism research produced for this volume is in alignment with NATO’s Warfighting Capstone Concept, which details how NATO Allies can transform and maintain their advantage despite new threats for the next two decades. The topics are rooted in NATO’s Seven Baseline requirements, which set the standard for enhancing …

Violence Risk Assessment Of Sovereign Citizens: An Exploratory Examination Of The Hcr-20 Version 3 And The Trap-18, Lee Vargen, Darin Challacombe

Psychology Faculty Publications

Sovereign Citizens comprise an understudied right-wing extremist movement in the United States who have grown in notoriety in recent years due to several high- profile instances of violence. Despite this, little empirical research has been conducted on Sovereign Citizens, including research on assessing their risk for violence. In this study, we sought to replicate and extend a prior study on Sovereign Citizen violence. Using open-source data, we added several new cases to a pre-existing dataset of violent and non-violent Sovereign Citizen incidents, yielding a total sample of 107 cases. We scored each case using the HCR-20V3 and TRAP-18 risk assessment …

Exploring Change And Stability In Counterterrorism Policy, Prosecution, And Sentencing Of Terrorists In America Over The Last Three Decades In The United States, Georgianna Grace Bettis

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of the current study is to investigate the effects of legislation changes on how terrorists are adjudicated in American federal courts. The overarching question is: how have prosecutorial and sentencing outcomes changed in response to homeland security policy shifts over the last few decades? The project examines the impact of policy on changes to terrorists’ sentencing in three time periods, marked by three major events: The 1993 World Trade Center Attack, the 1995 Oklahoma City Bombing, and the attack on the Twin Towers (9/11/2001). In addition to terrorists’ demographic and background attributes (i.e., gender, age, terrorism category), the …

The Levels And Discrepancies Of America’S Fear Of Terrorism, Kate Lindfors

Student Scholar Symposium Abstracts and Posters

Within the United States, individuals do not appear to possess an accurate understanding of terrorism and the threat it may pose to Americans. This not only creates inaccurate perceptions of the actual risk levels associated with terrorism in the U.S. but a misunderstanding of the potential sources of terrorist threats and the impact they could have on the country. In this paper, I will examine this misunderstanding of contemporary terrorism, particularly in relation to America’s inflated sense of fear and general misplacement of the threat. In order to examine this topic, I have used the Chapman University Survey on American …

Konsep Dan Karakteristik Borderscapes Migrasi Dan Perbatasan Di Indonesia: Tantangan Dan Peluang, Adi Saputra Rusli, Fahrizal Saputra, Nur Cholik Widyan Saputra, Tesalonika Virginia, Yanwar Iswahyudi M

Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional

The characteristics of the traditional border concept focuses on geographic and physical aspects. Therefore, the concept of traditional borders focuses on visual appearances such as border walls, demarcation lines, or border stakes and posts. The concept of borderscapes is different from the concept of traditional borders. Borderscapes is defined as an area that is formed and continues to be reshaped by transnational flows that go beyond the modern idea or concept of the national territory. This article discusses various matters related to the concepts, characteristics, and paradigms of border inspection practices, both in general and within the scope of Indonesia's …

Kebijakan Deradikalisasi Dalam Rangka Penanggulangan Terorisme Dalam Pandangan Beberapa Stakeholder, Anton Irawan, Arthur Josias Simon Runturambi

Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional

Terrorism is a real threat to the state and society. Acts of terror that create widespread fear can have a negative impact on national security. One of the government's efforts to tackle terrorism is deradicalization. This study aims to view and analyse policies to combat or eradicate terrorism in perspective of some stakeholder. The method used is a qualitative method with data from literature studies and the publication of existing deradicalization programs. This study found that the main stakeholder with three stakeholder attributes such as power, legitimacy and urgency is the National Counterterrorism Agency (BNPT). However, social factors such as …

Enabling Nato’S Collective Defense: Critical Infrastructure Security And Resiliency (Nato Coe-Dat Handbook 1), Carol V. Evans, Chris Anderson, Malcom Baker, Ronald Bearse, Salih Biçakci, Steve Bieber, Sungbaek Cho, Adrian Dwyer, Geoffrey French, David Harell, Alessandro Lazari, Raymond Mey, Theresa Sabonis-Helf, Duane Verner

Monographs, Collaborative Studies, & IRPs

In 2014 NATO’s Centre of Excellence-Defence Against Terrorism (COE-DAT) launched the inaugural course on “Critical Infrastructure Protection Against Terrorist Attacks.” As this course garnered increased attendance and interest, the core lecturer team felt the need to update the course in critical infrastructure (CI) taking into account the shift from an emphasis on “protection” of CI assets to “security and resiliency.” What was lacking in the fields of academe, emergency management, and the industry practitioner community was a handbook that leveraged the collective subject matter expertise of the core lecturer team, a handbook that could serve to educate government leaders, state …

Implementasi Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi Pada Kebijakan Visa Indonesia, Delvina Estheria, Dita Dhikadara, Ita Rahmasari, Nisrina Arumdanie, Yunishella Purwanty

Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional

Visa can be used as a migration and population control instrument because visa policy is considered as an efficient way to prevent certain countries from entering the country. Visa policies, especially Indonesian visas, also continue to follow technological developments along with the fulfillment of community needs. This research discusses Indonesian visa policies that are associated with global visas, especially in the field of technology utilization. This research uses a method with a qualitative approach, starting with analyzing visa policies in Indonesia and various countries, then Indonesian Government policies that affect global visa policies and analyzing IT implementation in utilizing visa …

Characteristics Of Bias Homicides Against The Lgbtqia+ Community, Jeff Gruenewald, Katie Ratcliff

Research Projects

Background: Five people were killed and at least 17 injured on November 19, 2022 just before midnight at Club Q, an LGBTQIA+ club in Colorado Springs, CO. The shooting ended after a 22-year-old gunman wielding an AR-15 style rifle was disarmed by club patrons. Federal, state, and local law enforcement officials continue to investigate the mass shooting. The alleged shooter has been charged with murder and hate crimes.

Understanding Terrorism: An Alternative View And The Painful Truth: How Powerful Nations Legitimize Terrorism, Kwame B. Antwi-Boasiako, Cindy P. Davis

Journal of Terrorism Studies

Despite human beings’ noble achievements on this planet including medicine, technology, physics, and chemistry, there is one characteristic of humans, which is disturbing and that act is “committing extreme cruelty and violence against its own species” (Smith 2007:41). This cruelty by human beings against themselves stems from many factors including power, ideology, religion, and terrorism. These categorizations, as Smith (2011) noted, are unfortunately used to dehumanize the other through societal definitions where one group, the powerful, sees itself as the paragons of civilization against the other, the weak, as barbarians. Terrorism, racism, ideology, and religion are but some of the …

Resilience Against Banditry And Insurgency In Niger State, Nigeria (2015 To 2022), Kamar Hamza, Hauwa'u Evelyn Yusuf Professor, Abubakar Yabagi Akote, Bello Balarabe Abubakar

Journal of Terrorism Studies

The twin evil of banditry and insurgency are threatening the peace of law abiding citizens in rural communities in Niger State, Nigeria. These activities are being noticed from 2015 to 2022. These challenges have made rural dwellers to leave their ancestral home to search for places of abode for the main time. Notwithstanding the people of these communities are still fighting the bandits and insurgents through both government efforts and their own community initiatives. This article investigated the way the communities have suffered in the hands of bandits and insurgents and how they have been confronting them to take control …

Deconstruction Of Content As Prevention Of Terrorism: Social Media Study Of The National Agency For Counterterrorism (Bnpt), Febrityas Febrityas, Muhammad Syauqillah

Journal of Terrorism Studies

The role of government and society in social media is urgently needed as a counter-narratives of propaganda from terrorist group to against the spread of narratives of hoax, intolerance, extremism and radicalism. However, there is still a bias in building narratives against terrorist groups. It is necessary to carry out deconstruction efforts to prevent terrorism through the media. This study uses a virtual ethnographic approach to see how far the construction of counter-narratives, counter-propaganda is made by the government, so we can see things that need to be deconstructed. The results of the study show that in some BNPT social …

Terrorism Violence: Assessing The Impact Of Education Programs Through Mass Media On The Adoption Of Security Measures In Burkina Faso, Marie Madeleine Ouoba, Emmanuel Lompo

Journal of Terrorism Studies

This paper investigates the impact of mass media education programs (MEP) on the adoption of security measures in the context of terrorism in Burkina Faso. We collected information using questionnaires and key informant interviews in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The results suggest that individuals who were educated on terrorism through MEP display higher intentions to adopt security measures and tend to have positive attitudes toward the role of media in fighting terrorism violence.

Ex-Terrorists Reintegration Programs On Conditional Release Period By Formers Foundation Yayasan Lingkar Perdamaian (Ylp), Nidia Masithoh, Sapto Priyanto, Muhammad Syauqillah

Journal of Terrorism Studies

Ex-terrorist reintegration must be carried out in an integrated way from in-prison empowerments with post-release program initiatives. The involvement of formers in reintegration has received considerable attention in recent years. The involvement of formers foundations in the assistance and supervision is to build a social support to prevent recidivism. Usually, ex-terrorist experience inherent post-release risks and challenges such as stigmatization, mistrust and socioeconomic exclusions. Transition period is a crucial in determining the success of prevention program. Formers foundation initiates community-based assistance and supervision by encouraging financial independence, changing perspectives towards moderation through discussion and dialogue and ensuring community acceptance in …

Pencegahan Radikalisme Keagamaan Di Pemuda Indonesia : Studi Kasus Organisasi Mahasiswa Islam (Hmi, Pmii, Imm, Kammi) Periode Pengurus 2017-2021, Arjun Fatahillah, Muhammad Luthfi Zuhdi, Sidratahta Mukhtar

Journal of Terrorism Studies

The current definition of radicalism is unclear. Distrust of the government and fanaticism in religious groups fueled radicalism. The state of Indonesia is one of the countries with the majority of people having Islam in the world. The role of students as part of youth in Indonesia is very important for the future of the nation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevention of religious radicalism in the Islamic Student Organization. Qualitative research methods with observation, interviews, and secondary data. The triangulation method was used to validate the research findings. Islamic Student Organization Case Studies: HMI, PMII, …

Developing An Equilibrium Of Protection Of The Right To Privacy And National Security In Terrorism Eradication In Indonesia, Wahyudi Djafar, Muhamad Syauqillah

Journal of Terrorism Studies

Tension between privacy and security is nothing new, however due to the development of information and communication technology use as well as more intensive efforts of terrorism eradication have affected to the increasing level of the conflict. The need for national security is often similar to the situation of state of emergency, which enables the state to conduct several limitations to the implementation of right to privacy. Many states use the said justification and further position the element of national security to be in the superior position compared to the protection of civil liberties, including right to privacy. As …

The January 6th Insurrection At The U.S. Capitol: What The Trap-18 Can Tell Us About The Participants, Darin Challacombe, Carol Patrick

Psychology Faculty Publications

On January 6, 2021, hundreds of individuals converged on and breached the U.S. Capitol building in an effort to overturn the presidential election results. For the present study, open-source research was conducted on 101 federally indicted participants of this event—half of whom were indicted on assault or other violent felony crimes and the other half for trespassing or nonviolent misdemeanor charges. Then, we used the Terrorism Radicalization Assessment Protocol (TRAP-18; Meloy & Gill, 2016) to examine these Capitol insurrection participants indicted for their actions. Four proximal warning behaviors and one distal behavior were significantly found to be related to the …

Kebijakan Visa Indonesia: Keamanan, Dampak, Peluang, Tantangan Dan Teknologi Informasi, Afif Nur Anshari, Nurina Noviarini, Luqman Nur Chandra, Hardika Mayline, Atika Ariani S

Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional

A visa is an authorization for an individual to travel to the country issuing the visa before get a residence permit. Given the importance of the visa function for the State in controlling and supervising the entry and stay of foreigners to enter the territory of a country, it is deemed necessary to further elaborate on visa policies in Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative approach which is research that aims to observe, investigate and describe the development of visas in Indonesia so that it can be found in the field how the development of visas in Indonesia both in …

Terorisme Dan Migrasi Internasional: Dampak Dan Tantangan Bagi Indonesia, Arief Febriansyah Sugiyono, Boy Rivando, Rizky Kurniawan, Werdy Satrio Bayuaji, Yosia Martin S

Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional

Movement of people that are cross-border or international migration is a global phenomenon whose frequency is increasing from year to year because it is driven by developments in the current global situation. The presence of migrants and/or refugees can bring new threats to state security and sovereignty. Threats that not only contribute to the emergence of transnational crime but are more complex in relation to other threats such as environmental degradation, the development of religious radicalism, sectarianism and others which are increasingly undermining the existence of a nation and state. The phenomenon of illegal immigrants connected to terrorism has been …

Pemeriksaan Keimigrasian Di Perbatasan Darat Indonesia Dari Perspektif Borderscapes, Geopolitik, Dan Biopolitik, Ari Arianto, Deni Septiyanto, Fadil Hidayat, Farhan Kamil

Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional

Borderscapes is a new way to view the border shared between two nations. Borderscapes is a view that tries to combine a more people-oriented view and Michel Foucault’s biopolitics. Borderscapes emphasize on the conditions for people who live on the border between two nations and on both sides of the border, such a view makes borderscapes share a lot of similarities with a new paradigm of how border should be treated called soft border. With this new way to view borders, new challenges and opportunities arise caused by the border between two countries and by people who live on the …

Pencegahan Tindak Pidana Terorisme Di Indonesia Melalui Kebijakan Migrasi: Dampak Dan Tantangan, Ikram A. Taha, Wilman Jayawardhana, Parida Johanna Siregar, Adhista Cahya Mustika

Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional

International migration is carried out by people from various parts of the world with specific aims and objectives. Some people do international migration deliberately to leave their country of origin due to conflicts, natural disasters, repressive governments, economic factors, etc. This study aims to determine the relationship between international migration and acts of terrorism in Indonesia. The research method is a qualitative descriptive analytical method. Acts of terrorism and migration become instruments in understanding and formulating explanations about the relationship between the two. Literature and document searches are used to collect data and information. The results of the study show …

Twenty-One Years Later: Reflections On 9/11, Bessie Blackburn, Shaddi Spencer, Hayden O'Connor

Liberty University Journal of Statesmanship & Public Policy

Twenty-one years ago, one of the greatest attacks on the American republic occurred. On September 11, 2001, American Airlines Flights 11, 77, 93, and 177 were hijacked by Islamic extremists and crashed in New York City, Washington D.C., and Pennsylvania. The atrocity of these incidents and the extensive loss of life impacted not only the United States but the entire world. Nevertheless, in light of this tragedy the American people found unity in patriotism, rekindling a sense of national purpose in the form of the “Global War on Terrorism.” This document is a compilation of reflection articles written by individuals …

Professionalizing Special Operations Forces, C. Anthony Pfaff

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.

Studi Komparatif Kebijakan Luar Negeri Indonesia Bebas-Aktif Dan Lebih Dekat Ke Salah Satu Blok, Mana Yang Lebih Menguntungkan Kepentingan Nasional Indonesia?, Syahdami Syahdami, Muhammad Syaroni Rofii Mr.

Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional

Since independence, Indonesia's foreign policy has always changed. Although the doctrine of a free and active foreign policy that was first coined by the proclaimer Mohammad Hatta in 1948 has never changed, its practice depends on the approaches and interpretations taken by the ruling leaders. The old order leaned towards the eastern bloc, the new order tilted towards the western bloc, and the reform order was in a dilemma due to various domestic and international factors. Of the various political choices that have been made by the Indonesian authorities, which one is more beneficial to Indonesia's own national interests. This …

Strategies And Policies In Enforcement Of Security, Human Rights And Development In Papua, Rudy Syamsir, Syaiful Rohman

Journal of Terrorism Studies

Papua always an interesting discussion along with the rampant acts of violence against civilians carried out by the Independent Papua Organization (OPM), which were later labeled with various terms such as the Armed Separatist Group (KSB), Armed Criminal Group (KKB), Armed Separatist Criminal Group (KKSB). KKB carried out acts of violence in killing civilians, government officials vandalizing and burning public facilities. Because of the ways that are similar to acts of terrorism, this group is finally called the Armed Terrorism Group (KTB). The Indonesian National Army (TNI) and Indonesian Republic Police (POLRI) security forces have taken repressive actions with armed …

Shortcut To Terrorism: Self-Radicalization And Lone- Wolf Terror Acts: A Case Study Of Indonesia, Stanislaus Riyanta

Journal of Terrorism Studies

A surprising phenomenon was observed in the lone-wolf terror terrorism that occurred in Indonesia. This is associated with the fact that the perpetrators of seven out of thirteen cases reported were exposed to radical information through social media and the internet without directly joining a terrorist group. The process involved the intensive exploration of the internet by people previously interested in radicalism content which eventually led to self-radicalization and the subsequent terror acts. Meanwhile, Fathali M Moghaddam proposed that the process of radicalization before a terror act is conducted involves six stages of action known as the staircase to terrorism. …

Prevention Of Terrorism Attacks Through Environmental Design In Indonesia Airport, Rizki Wahyudi, Sapto Priyanto Mr.

Journal of Terrorism Studies

This research previously identified civil aviation as a vulnerable and appealing target. Terrorism-related airport security concerns have gained much attention since the 9/11 attacks. Terrorist assaults against flights, airports, passengers, crew, and cargo continue to pose a severe threat to human and national security worldwide. The X Indonesia International Airport is a civil enclave airport that offers the concept of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design to combat these attacks and threats (CPTED). This article aims to provide an overview of airport security management and present a CPTED concept for avoiding a terrorist assault and threat. This paper employs a descriptive …

Collaboration Strategy In The Penta-Helix Concept: Deradicalization Program For Terrorist Separatism Groups In Papua, Muhammad Zaenuddin Firmansyah, Sapto Priyanto, Megan Bilney

Journal of Terrorism Studies

Abstract

On 29 April, 2021, The Indonesian Government declared the Armed Criminal Group (KKB) as a Separatism Terrorist Group (KST), in response to the casualties, both from the military and civilian parties. In particular, the death of the Kabinda of Papua and Bharada Komang was a catalyst for this announcement as previous conflict resolution steps failed to address the ongoing conflict in Papua. The increased risk of terrorism in the Papuan region is driven by the lack of research into focused deradicalization programs. In this article, the author seeks to address how a targeted deradicalization program is an appropriate conflict …

Keterlibatan Gerakan Separatisme Dalam Upaya Kemerdekaan Catalonia Dari Spanyol, Agus Widodo, Henny Saptatia Drajati Nugrahani

Journal of Terrorism Studies

The aim of the research is to find out the factors that caused the failure of the separatist movement to liberate the autonomous region of Catalonia from Spain, as well as to explain the defense-security strategy carried out by the Spanish government to maintain Catalonia as an inseparable part of this country. The researcher conducts an analysis based on two research questions: why the separatist movement failed to liberate Catalonia from Spain and what defense-security strategy the Spanish government did to defend Catalonia. The method used in this study is a qualitative method by processing primary data in the form …

Redefine The Concept Of Lone Wolf In The Context Of Global Jihad, Aly Ashghor

Journal of Terrorism Studies

The purpose of this article is to conceptualize or redefine the concept of "lone wolf” in the context of global jihad. This article uses a meta-analysis approach by proposing two literature review methods, namely an effort to track a number of literatures that are the basis for defining lone wolf acts of terrorism and tracking a number of literatures that discuss the phenomenon of global jihad. This article finds that there are no acts of global jihad terrorism that operate independently, technological developments have pushed the global jihad agenda by Islamic activism on a local scale through social media as …