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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Applying Constant Comparative Method With Multiple Investigators And Inter-Coder Reliability, Joel D. Olson, Chad Mcallister, Lynn D. Grinnell, Kimberly Gehrke Walters, Frank Appunn
Applying Constant Comparative Method With Multiple Investigators And Inter-Coder Reliability, Joel D. Olson, Chad Mcallister, Lynn D. Grinnell, Kimberly Gehrke Walters, Frank Appunn
The Qualitative Report
Building on practice, action research, and theory, the purpose of this paper is to present a 10-step method for applying the Constant Comparative Method (CCM) of grounded theory when multiple researchers perform data analysis and meaning making. CCM is a core qualitative analysis approach for grounded theory research. Literature suggests approaches for increasing the credibility of CCM using multiple researchers and inter-coder reliability (ICR), but documentation of methods for collaboration on CCM data analysis is sparse. The context for developing the10-step CCM approach was a qualitative study conducted to understand the impact of webcams on a virtual team. To develop …
Exploring Classroom Practices In Collectivist Cultures Through The Lens Of Hofstede’S Model, Amrita Kaur, Mohammad Noman
Exploring Classroom Practices In Collectivist Cultures Through The Lens Of Hofstede’S Model, Amrita Kaur, Mohammad Noman
The Qualitative Report
This study explores beliefs and classroom practices of teachers from collectivist nations through the lens of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. In this grounded theory study, an in-depth investigation of the ways in which six teachers from five different collectivist countries described their beliefs and classroom practices was carried out. Through the constant comparative method, the two authors grouped the findings into categories of beliefs and practices which were then examined through the lens of the six dimensions of Hofstede’s model of cultural difference. Six categories of classroom practices, Pedagogy, Interaction, Student Role, Teacher Support, Differential Assessment, and Behavioral Management and three …
Sampling In Qualitative Research: Insights From An Overview Of The Methods Literature, Stephen J. Gentles, Cathy Charles, Jenny Ploeg, K. Ann Mckibbon
Sampling In Qualitative Research: Insights From An Overview Of The Methods Literature, Stephen J. Gentles, Cathy Charles, Jenny Ploeg, K. Ann Mckibbon
The Qualitative Report
The methods literature regarding sampling in qualitative research is characterized by important inconsistencies and ambiguities, which can be problematic for students and researchers seeking a clear and coherent understanding. In this article we present insights about sampling in qualitative research derived from a systematic methods overview we conducted of the literature from three research traditions: grounded theory, phenomenology, and case study. We identified and selected influential methods literature from each tradition using a purposeful and transparent procedure, abstracted textual data using structured abstraction forms, and used a multistep approach for deriving conclusions from the data. We organize the findings from …
Translating The News: A Grounded Theory Of Care Initiation Byindividuals Living With Hiv, Joseph Perazzo, Donna Martsolf, Tracy Pritchard, Rebecca Tehan
Translating The News: A Grounded Theory Of Care Initiation Byindividuals Living With Hiv, Joseph Perazzo, Donna Martsolf, Tracy Pritchard, Rebecca Tehan
The Qualitative Report
The purpose of this research study was to develop a theoretical framework to explain the psychosocial process of care initiation in individuals living with HIV, and to identify the critical junctures that influence individuals living with HIV in their decision to initiate HIV care. Grounded theory method was used to identify the psychosocial process of care initiation by individuals living with HIV. Thirty individuals living with HIV (28 men, 2 women) shared their stories about initiating HIV care. Participants described a process in which they progressed through five distinct stages following diagnosis: a) receiving the news, b) interpreting the news, …
Published: A Grounded Theory Of Successful Publication For Midcareer Scholars, Walker Karraa, Mark Mccaslin
Published: A Grounded Theory Of Successful Publication For Midcareer Scholars, Walker Karraa, Mark Mccaslin
The Qualitative Report
How do some scholars publish successfully while others perish from professional pressure? Literature has demonstrated the challenges of professional advancement through scholarship, yet has yet to explore how scholars manage these challenges successfully. The problem to be addressed in this grounded study was the lack of knowledge regarding the nature of success in peer-reviewed publication for midcareer scholars. Midcareer was defined as (a) employed professors with 5-15 years of doctoral level teaching experience, (b) having mentored at least one doctoral student to completion, and (c) successfully published in a peer-reviewed journal within the last academic year. A purposive sample of …
Investigating Food Development In An Area Of Norway: An Explorative Study Using A Grounded Theory Approach, Kai Victor Hansen
Investigating Food Development In An Area Of Norway: An Explorative Study Using A Grounded Theory Approach, Kai Victor Hansen
The Qualitative Report
This paper investigated food development in the southern part of Rogaland County in south-western Norway. Food is considered a local development part in many municipalities in Norway in terms of new business, employment, etc. This region includes some of the more spectacular geographical structures openly visible in nature. The aim of the study was to investigate the development of food based on a broad understanding in this region. The method used was CurroCus® group interviews, or fast focus groups. Six CurroCus® groups were used, and they completed their participation in six hours. Altogether, 39 persons participated from different age groups …
Cross-Check For Completeness: Exploring A Novel Use Of Leximancer In A Grounded Theory Study, Ian Harwood, Rod P. Gapp, Heather J. Stewart
Cross-Check For Completeness: Exploring A Novel Use Of Leximancer In A Grounded Theory Study, Ian Harwood, Rod P. Gapp, Heather J. Stewart
The Qualitative Report
This paper investigates the potential for Leximancer software to actively support the Grounded Theory (GT) analyst in assessing the “completeness” of their study. The case study takes an existing GT study and retrospectively analyzes the data with Leximancer. The Leximancer output showed encouraging similarities to the main themes emerging from the GT analysis; but not sufficiently at the selective coding level to justifiably claim a definitive cross-check for overall theoretical saturation. Whilst Leximancer is not found to be a substitute for the 'hard labor' of GT coding and theory development, it can provide a very useful, efficient and relatively impartial …
Managers’ Perspectives On The Effects Of Online Grapevine Communication: A Qualitative Inquiry, Pratyush Baerjee, Sweta Singh
Managers’ Perspectives On The Effects Of Online Grapevine Communication: A Qualitative Inquiry, Pratyush Baerjee, Sweta Singh
The Qualitative Report
The purpose of this study was to understand how modern-day managers perceived their subordinates were reacting to the phenomenon of online grapevine communication in the workplace. A qualitative inductive inquiry drawing upon techniques of grounded theory was conducted to collect and analyze feedback provided by 15 top-level corporate managers from 10 organizations in India. Managers cited several evidences of employees engaging in online grapevine communication and discussed reasons behind such behavior. Some of the key factors behind such behavior of employees were level of internet familiarity, anonymity of the rumor mongers, quicker and wider reach and opportunity for cyber loafing. …
Theorizing Efl Teachers’ Perspectives And Rationales On Providing Corrective Feedback, Seyyed Ali Ostovar-Namaghi, Kamal Shakiba
Theorizing Efl Teachers’ Perspectives And Rationales On Providing Corrective Feedback, Seyyed Ali Ostovar-Namaghi, Kamal Shakiba
The Qualitative Report
Researchers condemn teachers by saying that tradition, rather than research findings, derive their practice while teachers condemn researchers by saying that their research findings are universal generalizations that fail in practice. To turn mutual distrust to mutual trust, this data-driven study aims at theorizing practice, rather than enlighten practice through theory-driven research. The theoretical sampling of twenty EFL teachers’ perspectives concerning corrective feedback, together with the rigorous coding schemes of grounded theory yielded some context-sensitive corrective feedback techniques: direct feedback; indirect feedback such as recast, providing an alternative, asking other students, pausing before the error, providing the rule, using the …
A Grounded Theory Of Persistence In A Limited-Residency Doctoral Program, Donna H. Kennedy, Steven R. Terrell, Michael Lohle
A Grounded Theory Of Persistence In A Limited-Residency Doctoral Program, Donna H. Kennedy, Steven R. Terrell, Michael Lohle
The Qualitative Report
Approximately 50% of doctoral students in social science, humanities, and educational doctoral programs fail to earn their Ph.D. This number is 10% to 15% higher for students enrolled in online or limited-residency programs. Using in-depth interviews and qualitative data analysis techniques, this grounded-theory study examined participants’ recollections of their experience as students in a limited-residency doctoral program and their reasons for withdrawal while working on their dissertation. The study was guided by the central question “What is the nature of the participants’ experiences of doctoral attrition in a limited-residency doctoral program?” The resultant theory clarified relationships between attrition and a …
Mothers Of Sons With Substance Use Disorders: A Grounded Theory Approach Revealing Maternal Expectations And Three Stages Of Change, Judith A. Nelson, Richard C. Henriksen, Roseanne S. Keathley
Mothers Of Sons With Substance Use Disorders: A Grounded Theory Approach Revealing Maternal Expectations And Three Stages Of Change, Judith A. Nelson, Richard C. Henriksen, Roseanne S. Keathley
The Qualitative Report
Addiction problems in a family present challenges in coping with the addicted family member's behaviors are often described in terms of the psychopathology of the interactions of the family members. The present article describes a qualitative study of the lived experiences of mothers whose male children have struggled or currently are struggling with chemical dependence. Our overall aim in the study was to explore critical stages or events in the experiences of these mothers relevant to their chemically dependent sons. As such, our research question was: What are the lived experiences of mothers of substance abusing sons who are either …
Critical Approach To Reflexivity In Grounded Theory, Stephen J. Gentles, Susan M. Jack, David B. Nicholas, K. Ann Mckibbon
Critical Approach To Reflexivity In Grounded Theory, Stephen J. Gentles, Susan M. Jack, David B. Nicholas, K. Ann Mckibbon
The Qualitative Report
A problem with the popular desire to legitimate one’s research through the inclusion of reflexivity is its increasingly uncritical adoption and practice, with most researchers failing to define their understandings, specific positions, and approaches. Considering the relative recentness with which reflexivity has been explicitly described in the context of grounded theory, guidance for incorporating it within this research approach is currently in the early stages. In this article, we illustrate a three-stage approach used in a grounded theory study of how parents of children with autism navigate intervention. Within this approach, different understandings of reflexivity are first explored and mapped, …
Potency, Hubris And Susceptibility: The Disease Mongering Critique Of Pharmaceutical Marketing, Evan Doran, Clare Hogue
Potency, Hubris And Susceptibility: The Disease Mongering Critique Of Pharmaceutical Marketing, Evan Doran, Clare Hogue
The Qualitative Report
The phrase “disease mongering” has become a prominent feature of the wider critique of pharmaceutical marketing. Disease mongering refers to drug companies’ involvement in informing the lay public and health professionals about the illnesses targeted by their products. Typically, drug promotion is claimed to intentionally distort perceptions of the seriousness or treatability of disease or condition to sell drugs. The main concern is that drug promotion results in excessive drug demand. “Disease mongering” is clearly aimed at drug companies, however, the phrase reaches further and extends to us all with its often implicit critical commentary on contemporary social life. In …
Advancing Grounded Theory: Using Theoretical Frameworks Within Grounded Theory Studies, Donald Mitchell Jr.
Advancing Grounded Theory: Using Theoretical Frameworks Within Grounded Theory Studies, Donald Mitchell Jr.
The Qualitative Report
The founding fathers of grounded theory (GT) claimed it is an inductive methodological approach. Yet, some scholars argue that purely inductive GTs are not possible given researchers’ involvement in data collection and analysis. Subsequently, a constructivist GT approach was introduced. Still, full-length methodological articles that include rationales or detailed explanations for using constructivist GT approaches are limited in peer-reviewed journals. The purpose of this article is to highlight the ways in which the author used a constructivist GT approach in his dissertation. Within the article, the author provides concrete examples and a rationale for the ways in which he used …
Reducing Confusion About Grounded Theory And Qualitative Content Analysis: Similarities And Differences, Ji Young Cho, Eun-Hee Lee
Reducing Confusion About Grounded Theory And Qualitative Content Analysis: Similarities And Differences, Ji Young Cho, Eun-Hee Lee
The Qualitative Report
Although grounded theory and qualitative content analysis are similar in some respects, they differ as well; yet the differences between the two have rarely been made clear in the literature. The purpose of this article was to clarify ambiguities and reduce confusion about grounded theory and qualitative content analysis by identifying similarities and differences in the two based on a literature review and critical reflection on the authors’ own research. Six areas of difference emerged: (a) background and philosophical base, (b) unique characteristics of each method, (c) goals and rationale of each method, (d) data analysis process, (e) outcomes of …
Parent-Adolescent Storytelling In Canadian-Arabic Immigrant Families (Part 1): A Grounded Theory, Lynda M. Ashbourne, Mohammed Baobaid
Parent-Adolescent Storytelling In Canadian-Arabic Immigrant Families (Part 1): A Grounded Theory, Lynda M. Ashbourne, Mohammed Baobaid
The Qualitative Report
Interviews with 20 mothers, fathers, adolescent sons and daughters from Arabic immigrant families elicited descriptions of participants’ experiences of storytelling in their families. Constructivist grounded theory analysis of interview data provided an initial conceptualization of intergenerational storytelling during adolescence that both reflects and serves to influence parent-adolescent relationships as well as the broader cultural domain through story content, storytellers’ intentions, and responsive interaction. This preliminary substantive theory presents storytelling in immigrant families during adolescence as relationally grounded, influenced and expressed through a cultural/language “prism,” responsive and active in moving relationships toward or away from connection, and dependent on story content/context …
Evolution Of Medical Students' Understanding Of Systems-Based Practice: A Qualitative Account, Brian L. Rutledge, Ellen S. Jones, Jessica H. Bailey, James H. Stewart
Evolution Of Medical Students' Understanding Of Systems-Based Practice: A Qualitative Account, Brian L. Rutledge, Ellen S. Jones, Jessica H. Bailey, James H. Stewart
The Qualitative Report
Reflective writing is a useful tool in medical education to analyze student experiences and measure development of certain skills. This tool is particularly useful in identifying skill components of systems-based practice. These skills are necessary for any practicing physician, but are of particular importance as they are a required residency competency. There is now additional focus on systems-based practice with the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). In this qualitative, grounded theory study, the reflective writings of students at a United States medical school were analyzed using the constant comparative method to explore how the focus …
Using Grounded Theory As A Method Of Inquiry: Advantages And Disadvantages, Mohamed El Hussein, Sandra Hirst, Vince Salyers, Joseph Osuji
Using Grounded Theory As A Method Of Inquiry: Advantages And Disadvantages, Mohamed El Hussein, Sandra Hirst, Vince Salyers, Joseph Osuji
The Qualitative Report
There are many challenges and criticisms attached to the conduct of research, none the least of which is a notion that much of the research undertaken in professional disciplines such as nursing may not have clinical and/or practical relevance. While there are a plethora of qualitative research methods that individuals must consider when designing research studies, one method stands out - Grounded Theory (GT). Grounded theory was developed in the early 1960’s by Glaser and Strauss. With its theoretical orientation based in sociology, GT strives to understand and explain human behavior through inductive reasoning processes (Elliott & Lazenbatt, 2005). Because …
The Child Maltreatment Survivor's Description Of The Process Of Becoming A Parent: A Grounded Theory Study, Roseanne E. Roberts
The Child Maltreatment Survivor's Description Of The Process Of Becoming A Parent: A Grounded Theory Study, Roseanne E. Roberts
The Qualitative Report
This research study was conducted to investigate the processes experienced by survivors of child maltreatment as they became parents. The study utilized a grounded theory approach to answer the research question, “How do survivors of child maltreatment experience the process of becoming a parent?” The goal of the study was to generate a theory about the actions, interactions, and emotions experienced by survivors of child maltreatment as they became parents. It was the intention of this study to enhance the knowledge base of the psychological profession. The research problem, the methodology chosen to answer the research question, and the findings …
Chronic Illness And Disasters: Development Of A Theoretical Framework, Jacqueline K. Owens, Donna S. Martsolf
Chronic Illness And Disasters: Development Of A Theoretical Framework, Jacqueline K. Owens, Donna S. Martsolf
The Qualitative Report
In a disaster, individuals with chronic illnesses risk poor outcomes. This grounded theory study sought to develop a framework that describes how these individuals manage health-related challenges during disasters. The five phases of disaster response (non-disaster, pre-disaster, impact, emergency, reconstruction) and the individual, local, state, and federal level model served as conceptual frameworks. Using purposive sampling, 30 individuals with chronic illnesses and 10 lay caregivers were recruited from Florida and New Orleans. Data sources included interviews and media data. Constant comparative analysis techniques were used to build the theoretical framework. Transcript analysis suggested that participants used four unique ways to …
Guatemalan Ex-Combatant Perspectives On Reintegration: A Grounded Theory, Randall Janzen
Guatemalan Ex-Combatant Perspectives On Reintegration: A Grounded Theory, Randall Janzen
The Qualitative Report
While reintegration programs for ex‐combatants have become a major focus of cease fire agreements, their success remains elusive. In this study, I interview members of Nuevo Horizonte, an intentional community comprised of Guatemalan ex‐guerrillas. These men and women reflect on two questions: what was reintegration like, and what advice do you have for other reintegrating ex-combatants. Using a grounded theory approach, common themes (such as being united) were developed and lead to a substantive theory of their transformative reintegration process. The collective voice of these ex‐ combatants challenges conventional reintegration programs by (a) challenging the demobilization prerogative showcasing how their …
Studying The Study: Reflections On Exploring The Health And Disability Narratives Of Long-Term Sickness Benefits Recipients In The Uk, Kayleigh Garthwaite
Studying The Study: Reflections On Exploring The Health And Disability Narratives Of Long-Term Sickness Benefits Recipients In The Uk, Kayleigh Garthwaite
The Qualitative Report
Researching sensitive topics such as sickness and disability can encompass a wide range of demands that must be continually negotiated throughout the research process by both the researcher and research participants. Therefore, a studying the study approach is important when exploring the quality and ethical practice in qualitative research on sensitive issues with vulnerable populations. This becomes especially important within a UK context when considering the negative discourse surrounding the sickness benefits process in the UK. Drawing upon semi-structured interviews with 25 long-term sick and disabled benefits recipients in the UK, the study sought to uncover the health and illness …
Racial And Ethnic Diversity In Grounded Theory Research, Claire Burke Draucker, Halima Al-Khattab, Dana D. Hines, Jill Mazurczyk, Anne C. Russell, Pam Shockey Stephenson, Shannon Draucker
Racial And Ethnic Diversity In Grounded Theory Research, Claire Burke Draucker, Halima Al-Khattab, Dana D. Hines, Jill Mazurczyk, Anne C. Russell, Pam Shockey Stephenson, Shannon Draucker
The Qualitative Report
National initiatives in the United States call for health research that addresses racial/ethnic disparities. Although grounded theory (GT) research has the potential to contribute much to the understanding of the health experiences of people of color, the extent to which it has contributed to health disparities research is unclear. In this article we describe a project in which we reviewed 44 GT studies published in Qualitative Health Research within the last five years. Using a framework proposed by Green, Creswell, Shope, and Clark (2007), we categorized the studies at one of four levels based on the status and significance afforded …
Real Projects, Virtual Worlds: Coworkers, Their Avatars, And The Trust Conundrum, Michael F. Lohle, Steven R. Terrell
Real Projects, Virtual Worlds: Coworkers, Their Avatars, And The Trust Conundrum, Michael F. Lohle, Steven R. Terrell
The Qualitative Report
This qualitative study informs project managers of the impact that the authentic projection of coworker identity via avatars has on trust and potential project management success when teams use virtual worlds to collaborate. By exploring the common experiences and reactions of potential virtual team participants to a demonstration that showed how to customize avatars and use them to communicate with others, it facilitated the development of a grounded theory that confirms whether the projection of authenticity via avatars is an antecedent of team trust and real project management success. Real management success was the main objective, since it is vital …
Networked Grounded Theory, Alexios V. Brailas
Networked Grounded Theory, Alexios V. Brailas
The Qualitative Report
The present paper demonstrates a research method combining Grounded Theory and Network Analysis for the inductive generation of a theory solely based on the empirical data being analyzed. This method was developed during my PhD research on the utilization of a virtual community (case study in Wikipedia) in formal Education institutions (tertiary or secondary education). The focus of this paper is on demonstrating the research method developed during this study. Networked Grounded Theory constitutes a remodeling of Grounded Theory and the rationale for the inclusion of Network Analysis techniques into the process of theory generation is explained. The software used …
How Does My Research Question Come About? The Impact Of Funding Agencies In Formulating Research Questions, Massimiliano Tarrozzi
How Does My Research Question Come About? The Impact Of Funding Agencies In Formulating Research Questions, Massimiliano Tarrozzi
The Qualitative Report
It is a widespread claim that the research question should primarily come from a careful literature analysis (Creswell, 2007). Actually, it is basically a good suggestion, mainly for novices, to avoid the mistake of choosing a research method only for ideological reasons, and far from the phenomenon that one is willing to explore. However, this idea does not take into account other complex phenomena involved in constructing a research question. First of all, the epistemological framework, which is never neutral and performs what I am supposed to investigate; second, the kind of funding agency, which has an indisputable impact not …
2010 British General Election Leader Evaluations: Replicating Electoral Focus Group Research, Kristi Winters, Edzia Carvalho
2010 British General Election Leader Evaluations: Replicating Electoral Focus Group Research, Kristi Winters, Edzia Carvalho
The Qualitative Report
This research replicates and expands upon the qualitative electoral research of Winters and Campbell by using data from focus groups conducted in Essex, England to coincide with three leadership debates during the 2010 British general election. The Qualitative Election Study of Britain (QES Britain) broadly replicated Winters and Campbell’s research design but includes innovations in data collection to more accurately capture assessments. This innovation means the data coding are based entirely on the evaluations of the participants. In our analysis we innovate in the way we display each leader’s unique evaluation structure. To capture the salience and direction of leadership …
Resolving Inner Cultural Conflicts Toward Education In Pastoral East Africa: A Grounded Theory Study, Timothy A. Keiper, Janvier Rugira
Resolving Inner Cultural Conflicts Toward Education In Pastoral East Africa: A Grounded Theory Study, Timothy A. Keiper, Janvier Rugira
The Qualitative Report
The purpose of this grounded theory study was to explain the perceptions of semi - nomadic pastoralists in East Africa, who self - identified as having the characteristics of the most vulnerable, and who were educationally successful. This study identified motivating factors that contributed to resiliency while in the pursuit of an education. Findings suggest that even though students from this background utilize these motivating factors they are still faced with inner cultural tensions that can be insurmountable. Emergent theory suggests that inner cultural conflicts toward education are resolved when push/pull factors were combined with a sense of something beyond …
Becoming A Novice Smoker: Initial Smoking Behaviours Among Jor Danian Psychiatric Nurses, Khaldoun Aldiabat, Michael Clinton
Becoming A Novice Smoker: Initial Smoking Behaviours Among Jor Danian Psychiatric Nurses, Khaldoun Aldiabat, Michael Clinton
The Qualitative Report
A better understanding of how male Jordanian psychiatric nurses become smokers and continue the habit mainly at work is necessary if smoking reduction and cessation programs are to help them better manage their smoking behaviours. Here we use a grounded theory approach to describe the factors that influenced the eight nurses in our sample to take up smoking. We use five categories derived from open coding to explain the initial stage in the smoking histories of the nurses. We situate our account of " becoming a novice smoker" within the contextualizing smoking behaviours over time theory we developed from our …
When Pandora’S Box Is Opened: A Qualitative Study Of The Intended And Unintended Impacts Of Wyoming’S New Standardized Tests On Local Educators’ Everyday Practices, Jeasik Cho, Brian Ebhard
When Pandora’S Box Is Opened: A Qualitative Study Of The Intended And Unintended Impacts Of Wyoming’S New Standardized Tests On Local Educators’ Everyday Practices, Jeasik Cho, Brian Ebhard
The Qualitative Report
In the context of a newly adopted statewide assessment system, PAWS (Proficiency Assessment for Wyoming Students), this paper describes intended instructional changes and unintended outcomes in classrooms and schools as a result of an assessment policy involving an innovative online portion of the test. An elementary school was selected and prolonged qualitative fieldwork with in - depth and focus group interviews were conducted for 1½ years. A constant comparative data analysis and interpretation from grounded theory methodology led to the following themes: adaptive implementation policy, teachers’ dilemmas, instructional change, and school culture change. While observing an elusive role for teachers …