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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Commentary: The Role Of Intrapersonal Psychological Variables In Academic School Learning, Gregory J. Boyle Jan 1987

Commentary: The Role Of Intrapersonal Psychological Variables In Academic School Learning, Gregory J. Boyle

Gregory J. Boyle

Intellectual abilities may contribute up to 25% of the variance in measures of academic school learning. However, the role of intrapersonal variables other than cognitive ability (personality traits, motivational dynamic factors, transitory emotional states) has usually been considered as fairly trivial. Past research, to the contrary, suggests that under stressful conditions, the relative contribution of such intrapersonal factors may even become predominant in influencing achievement. When analyses are based on change scores rather than single-occasion measures (which include trait contamination variance), the influence of emotional states on learning is shown to be very significant indeed.

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Legal Writing And Research At De Paul University: A Program In Transition., Margit Livingston Jan 1980

Legal Writing And Research At De Paul University: A Program In Transition., Margit Livingston

Margit Livingston

No abstract provided.

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Measurement Of Color Preference In Goldfish Using A Negative Reinforcement Y-Maze Avoidance Procedure, Dominic Zerbolio Jan 1980

Measurement Of Color Preference In Goldfish Using A Negative Reinforcement Y-Maze Avoidance Procedure, Dominic Zerbolio

UMSL Emeritus

Using a Y-maze procedure involving shock reinforcement, goldfish were forced to choose between a red or a green cued arm of the maze. Although the 18 animals tested showed, as a group, an average green preference, equal numbers of animals showed individual green (6), red (6), and no-color (6) preferences. Differences between conclusions based on group means against individual performances are noted. In goldfish, at least, the shock-reinforced Y-maze procedure may represent a very useful technique for further color preference assessment.

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Instrumentally Based Conditioned Avoidance Response Acquisition In Goldfish In A Simultaneous Presentation Task, Dominic Zerbolio, L L. Wickstra Apr 1979

Instrumentally Based Conditioned Avoidance Response Acquisition In Goldfish In A Simultaneous Presentation Task, Dominic Zerbolio, L L. Wickstra

UMSL Emeritus

Goldfish, run in a Y-maze, with the simultaneous presentation of a cue associated with shock and a second cue associated with safety (no US), acquired a decided preference for the safe cue. These data are interpreted as representing a clear demonstration of stimulus-specific conditioned avoidance. Because earlier research has been challenged by unusual control performances, this instrumental learning conclusion is hesitantly drawn.

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Passive Avoidance In Goldfish: Lack Of Evidence For Stimulus Specificity, Dominic Zerbolio, L L. Wickstra Jun 1978

Passive Avoidance In Goldfish: Lack Of Evidence For Stimulus Specificity, Dominic Zerbolio, L L. Wickstra

UMSL Emeritus

Goldfish, acquiring a passive avoidance response, showed substantially fewer responses in trial intervals than did their yoked controls. A passive procedure, where US reinforcement occurred immediately upon response, produced superior avoidance acquisition to a punishment procedure, where, if response occurred at any time during the trial interval, US reinforcement was administered at the end of the interval. This finding is consistent with the traditional delay of reinforcement gradient. Although goldfish acquired the passive avoidance response, it appeared to be situationally generalized and not stimulus specific, as indicated by a lack of differences between animals trained with a CS and those …

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Goldfish Avoidance Acquisition: Is The Process Classical, Instrumental, Or A Phototaxis?, Dominic Zerbolio, L L. Wickstra Apr 1978

Goldfish Avoidance Acquisition: Is The Process Classical, Instrumental, Or A Phototaxis?, Dominic Zerbolio, L L. Wickstra

UMSL Emeritus

Various active-avoidance procedures and controls were run using goldfish in a shuttlebox where the CS, when used, was a sudden onset of illumination. In terms of increasing “avoid- ance” performance over days of training, CS-only, response-contingent US-only, and time- lapse groups showed significant “learning,” whereas explicitly unpaired CS and US pseudo- conditioning controls and US only (where US omission is not response contingent) did not show performance increases. The use of the pseudoconditioning procedure as a learning control for this animal seems questionable. Additionally, both classically and instrumentally trained groups showed high and comparable acquisition rates, confirming earlier findings. A …

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Does Elimination Of A Negative Phototaxis Eliminate Car Acquisition In Goldfish?, Dominic Zerbolio, L L. Wickstra Apr 1978

Does Elimination Of A Negative Phototaxis Eliminate Car Acquisition In Goldfish?, Dominic Zerbolio, L L. Wickstra

UMSL Emeritus

Eleven groups run under classical, instrumental, pseudoconditioning, CS-only, US-only, and time-lapse procedures, with the ITI illuminated and a color change CS, showed that true classically trained animals do not increase CAR performance with training, whereas instru- mentally trained goldfish do. This is consistent with a phototaxic interpretation suggested in earlier work. Additionally, the finding that CS-only and time-lapse controls show high “acquisi- tion” rates, whereas pseudoconditioning controls do not, not only questions the use of the pseudoconditioning procedure as the sole learning control in this situation, but also questions a learning interpretation itself. Conclusions of what and how, or even …

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Spatially Located Visual Cs Effects In Conditioned Shuttlebox Avoidance In Goldfish: A Phototactic Explanation, Dominic Zerbolio Oct 1976

Spatially Located Visual Cs Effects In Conditioned Shuttlebox Avoidance In Goldfish: A Phototactic Explanation, Dominic Zerbolio

UMSL Emeritus

Earlier work found that goldfish (Carassius auratus) acquire a conditioned avoidance shuttle response (CASR) differentially as a function of CS location (same, opposite, or both tank ends) when the CS is a sudden onset of illumination, and hypothesized that subjects acquire an aversion to the light. The present study finds no evidence for a conditioned aversion, but shows initial negative phototactic effects in the onset illumination situation which occurs without acquisition. Additionally, when the localized CS is a color change rather than an illumination change, the differential effects between same and both do not occur, and the very low CASR …

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The New Left In Australia, Rowan Cahill Aug 1969

The New Left In Australia, Rowan Cahill

Rowan Cahill

Paper presented as part of the Eleventh Annual Conference of the Australasian Political Studies Association (APSA), 28th-30th August, 1969, University of Sydney. It is of historical interest, being an early exploration and evaluation of the Australian New Left by activist/participant/analyst Rowan Cahill (b. 1945- ). It predates more widely cited sources and authorities, and has been a difficult source to locate due to the limited nature of its original distribution.

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Notes On The New Left In Australia, Rowan Cahill Apr 1969

Notes On The New Left In Australia, Rowan Cahill

Rowan Cahill

This is a fifty-page monograph sympathetically discussing the Australian New Left as it was developing at the time of publication in 1969. Published by the Australian Marxist Research Foundation, Sydney, it includes a lengthy bibliography. This publication is the only contemporary public document providing a comprehensive overview of the developing Australian New Left, and its diversity of contributing streams and formations. This file is a copy of the gestetnered original, complete with imperfections.

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