Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Please Don't Waste Me: Majora Carter's 'Greening The Ghetto' Ted Talk, Joseph S. Clark

Joseph S Clark

A speech by Bronx activist Majora Carter at the 2006 Technology, Entertainment, Design (TED) Talks event was reposted on the web and has since been embedded on blogs and sites around the web, garnering significant positive reaction. This paper comprises a case study of the text of the speech, its immediate delivery at the TED conference (as captured by video cameras at the event), and the way the message has been re-mediated by bloggers and web commentators in the years since. The paper examines the talk and its subsequent circulation both as an instance of environmental justice rhetoric, with its …

Annual Review Of Social Partnerships Issue 6, Maria May Seitanidi

Maria May Seitanidi

This is the 6th Issue of the Annual Review of Social Partnerships previously known as the NPO-BUS Partnerships Bulletin.

Making 'The Daily Me': Technology, Economics And Habit In The Mainstream Assimilation Of Personalized News, Neil Thurman

Neil Thurman

The mechanisms of personalization deployed by news websites are resulting in an increasing number of editorial decisions being taken by computer algorithms—many of which are under the control of external companies—and by end users. Despite its prevalence, personalization has yet to be addressed fully by the journalism studies literature (Zelizer, 2009). This study defines personalization as a distinct form of interactivity and classifies its explicit and implicit forms. Using this taxonomy, it surveys the use of personalization at eleven national news websites in the UK and US. Research interviews bring a qualitative dimension to the analysis, acknowledging the influence that …

Busyness In Cybercafes: An Indian Context, Payal Arora

Payal Arora

No abstract provided.

Internet History, Raphael Cohen-Almagor

raphael cohen-almagor

This paper outlines and analyzes milestones in the history of the Internet. As technology advances, it presents new societal and ethical challenges. The early Internet was devised and implemented in American research units, universities, and telecommunication companies that had vision and interest in cutting-edge research. The Internet then entered into the commercial phase (1984-1989). It was facilitated by the upgrading of backbone links, the writing of new software programs, and the growing number of interconnected international networks. The author examines the massive expansion of the Internet into a global network during the 1990s when business and personal computers with different …

Sport And The Media In Ireland: An Introduction, Seán Crosson Dr., Philip Dine

Seán Crosson

[Introduction to Media History Special Issue on Sport and the Media in Ireland]. The symbiotic relationship that has existed since the mid-nineteenth century between sport and the media - from the popular press, through newsreels and radio, to television, and beyond - is so well established as hardly to require comment. However, the very familiarity of this long and successful marriage should not blind us to its abiding, and abidingly remarkable, affective power, both for individuals and for communities, real and ‘imagined’, of all kinds. We may thus legitimately pause to reflect on the key role played by the media …

‘Holding’ For Companies And Platoons In Counterinsurgency, George Dimitriu

George Dimitriu

In August 2010, the Dutch redeployed their forces after being active in Afghanistan for four years, aiding and abetting ISAF with around 2000 troops each rotation. Initially, the contribution after August had been discussed fiercely, but the collapse of the Netherlands’ coalition government in February 2010 meant also the end of the discussion about prolongation of the mission of Task Force Uruzgan; the withdrawal of troops is definite and more or less completed by the time of writing. In a recently published article about the performance of the Dutch forces in Uruzgan, which I wrote together with Dr. B.A. de …

Pricing Strategies In A Digital World, Laura Martin, Scott J. Wallsten

Scott J. Wallsten

No abstract provided.

Territorios Digitales: El Camino A La Sociedad De La Innovación. El Caso De San Luis, Argentina, Lucas Jolías, Susana Finquelievich, Alejandro Prince

Lucas Jolías

El artículo describe los resultados de una investigación de campo que estudia los alcances del programa San Luis Digital en Argentina, originado por el gobierno provincial y en el que los municipios de la Provincia han participado activamente. Se hace foco sobre los procesos de innovación social basados en la utilización de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) promovidos por la Gobierno administración provincial a través de acuerdos con otros actores sociales. La metodología utilizada para la investigación fue principalmente la de meta research, es decir la integración de modelos, teorías, datos e información provenientes de diversas …

Etapas De La Inclusión Digital En Argentina: Difusión Y Adopción De Tic, Lucas Jolías, Alejandro Prince

Lucas Jolías

La inclusión digital es uno de los principales desafíos de los gobiernos en los próximos años, pero para cumplir con éste objetivo se debe prestar atención a las particularidades de la adopción de TIC en nuestra región, contemplando las diferencias socioeconómicas, culturales y motivacionales. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la inclusión digital en América Latina y el Caribe, con particular atención al caso de Argentina. Las hipótesis más importantes pueden resumirse en dos: primero, que los niveles de inclusión digital en la actualidad son en gran medida producto del mercado y la capacidad económica y de consumo de …

The Rise Of The New Experts: Decision-Making In The Art World In The Digital Age, Payal Arora, Filip Vermeylen

Payal Arora

In this digital age, declarations surface on the death of the expert. Crowd wisdom is instead seen as the new guide to constructing and evaluating knowledge. In the context of the art world, this tension between the amateurs and the experts becomes particularly pronounced as popular meets high culture. Questions arise such as what is the role of the amateur in the evaluation of art in current times? Does social media level the playing field here and can we assume that equity in participation results in better judgments? Does online participation on art valuation impact its actual market pricing? Who …

The Universal Service Fund: What Do High-Cost Subsidies Subsidize?, Scott J. Wallsten

Scott J. Wallsten

The universal service program in the United States currently transfers about $7.5 billion per year from telephone subscribers to certain telephone companies. Those funds are intended to help achieve particular policy goals, such as subsidizing telephone service in rural areas and making phone service more affordable to low-income people. The bulk of the funds, about $4.5 billion per year, subsidizes firms operating in high-cost areas. A large literature documents the inefficiency and ineffectiveness of these subsidies, raising the question of where the money goes. This paper uses data submitted by about 1,400 recipients of high-cost subsidies from 1998 – 2008 …

El Desarrollo De La Ciencia Política En México. Una Mirada A Través De Los Estudios Sobre El Estado De La Disiciplina, J. R. Joel Flores-Mariscal

J. R. Joel Flores-Mariscal

Se presenta una revisión de los títulos publicados hasta 2009 que han analizado la situación de la ciencia política en México o algún aspecto de ésta. Destaca el crecimiento y la diversificación de autores e instituciones, de las revistas publicadas y de los enfoques y temas recurrentes. Hasta fines de los años noventa se ven autores recurrentes y momentos de auge en las publicaciones asociados a coyunturas como congresos, procesos de modificación a planes de estudio, etc., Después de estos años hay la emergencia de nuevos autores y enfoques de estudio, y que el desarrollo de estos trabajos en su …

The Gendered Performance At The Beijing Olympics: The Construction Of Olympic Misses And Cheerleaders, Hongmei Li

Hongmei Li

This article analyzes the gendered performance at the Beijing Olympics by looking at the elite cheerleaders and Olympic misses, including medal and country presenters at the Olympic and Paralympic opening and closing ceremonies. Drawing upon participant observation, unstructured interviews, media reports, and blogs, this article argues that the paradoxical construction of Chinese women stands for the broader context of Chinese modernity. The seeming paradoxes of tradition and modernity, and Oriental femininity and Occidental sexuality perpetuate old and produce new gender politics in China. The internally contradictory hybrid representation of gender in contemporary China contributes to feminist communication theory by illustrating …

Building Effective Virtual Teams: How To Overcome The Problems Of Trust And Identity In Virtual Teams, Chris Kimble

Chris Kimble

This article explores some of the challenges faced when managing virtual teams, in particular the role played by trust and identity in virtual teams. It outlines why teams and virtual teams have become a valuable part of the modern organization and presents ten short case studies that illustrate the range of activities in which virtual teams can be found. Following this, the article examines some of the common problems encountered in virtual team working. It discusses two broad classes of solutions. The first are solutions that are essentially technical in nature (i.e., where changes to or improvements in technology wouldhelp …

Table 4 - A Nation Seized, Bill Israel

Bill Israel

Table 4, A Nation Seized

Table 5 - A Nation Seized, Bill Israel

Bill Israel

Table 5 - A Nation Seized

Designing A Viable Scientific Communication Model: Vsm Approach, Mahmood Khosrowjerdi

Mahmood Khosrowjerdi

Purpose – This paper aims to design a viable model for a scholarly communication system. Design/methodology/approach – Stafford Beer’s viable system model (VSM) is an exceptionally insightful analysis tool which has been applied in different fields. This paper illustrates the usefulness of Beer’s model as a tool for anticipating, planning, and implementing large-scale development in the scientific communication domain. Following the Beer thinking of organisational structure and the usefulness of VSM in knowledge management stated by some researchers, a viable scientific communication model (VSCM) was designed. Findings – The paper has developed a viable scientific communication model which relates personal …

Collective Choice, Justin Schwartz

Justin Schwartz

This short nontechnical article reviews the Arrow Impossibility Theorem and its implications for rational democratic decisionmaking. In the 1950s, economist Kenneth J. Arrow proved that no method for producing a unique social choice involving at least three choices and three actors could satisfy four seemingly obvious constraints that are practically constitutive of democratic decisionmaking. Any such method must violate such a constraint and risks leading to disturbingly irrational results such and Condorcet cycling. I explain the theorem in plain, nonmathematical language, and discuss the history, range, and prospects of avoiding what seems like a fundamental theoretical challenge to the possibility …

Un Marco Analítico De Ciudades Del Conocimiento En América Latina, Alejandro Prince Ph.D

Alejandro Prince

No abstract provided.

Analyzing The Role Of Icts In The Tunisian And Egyptian Unrest From An Information Warfare Perspective, Brett Van Niekerk, Kiru Pillay, Manoj Maharaj

Manoj Maharaj

In January 2011, the Tunisian government stepped down after weeks of protests; this was followed by unrest and protests in Egypt against the Egyptian government, leading also to the resignation of its president. Demonstrations in both countries were facilitated in some part by the online social media and related information and communications technologies that impacted the flow of information. The manner in which the information and communication technologies were employed suggests that the uprisings were a form of social information warfare. To provide an alternative understanding of the role of technology and information in the events that led to the …

The Information Warfare Lifecycle Model, Manoj Maharaj, Brett Van Nikerk

Manoj Maharaj

No abstract provided.

Strategic Planning For Digital Convergence In South African Businesses, Manoj Maharaj, Kiru Pillay

Manoj Maharaj

No abstract provided.

‘Videoblogging’ Human Rights On Youtube: An Ethical Dilemma, Jacques Dm Gimeno, Bradley C. Freeman

Jacques DM Gimeno

This chapter discusses what happens when, instead of co-existing, our online and offline worlds clash. In an age where the difference between virtual reality and real life becomes almost impossible to distinguish, a re-examination of core values and ethics becomes a necessity to ensure that human decency is not abandoned and that ethical standards become a core part of virtual public spheres. This chapter discusses a fundamental theme of modern human communication that involves a shift from traditional face-to-face interaction to one that is heavily mediated. Specifically, this chapter focuses on the role of different websites in providing a virtual …

Feeling At Home: Law, Cognitive Science, And Narrative, Lea B. Vaughn

Lea B Vaughn

What is the “how and why” of law’s affinity for narrative? In order to explain why the use of stories is such an effective teaching and presentation strategy in the law, this paper will consider theories and accounts from cognitive as well as evolutionary psychology, neuroscience, and, briefly, cultural anthropology. This account seeks to address “how” narrative helps us learn and use the law as well as “why” we are so compelled to use stories in teaching and in practice.

Brain science, simplified here, suggests that the first task is to “grab” someone’s attention. Emotionally charged events are more likely …

¿Gobernadores Eternos? Un Análisis Comparativo De Las Reelecciones En Argentina Y Brasil, Lucas Jolías, Augusto Reina

Lucas Jolías

Cuando se plantea el tema de las reelecciones a nivel provincial emerge una idea directa y sencilla: esto es que las reelecciones son instituciones forzadas por los gobernadores para enquistarse en el poder. Y que, de forma consecuente, estos mecanismos permiten que ciertas oligarquías políticas provinciales se mantengan en el poder a su gusto. Pero, tal como queremos plasmar en el presente artículo, achacarle tantas cosas a la reelección es sobreestimar los efectos de la institución. Plantear el tema en términos tan simples pone de lado otros procesos políticos que facilitan la estabilidad de las elites en la cima del …

Un Modelo Analítico De Ciudades Del Conocimiento En América Latina, Lucas Jolías, Alejandro Prince, Susana Finquelievich

Lucas Jolías

El análisis de las Ciudades Digitales ha ocupado en los últimos años un lugar importante en la academia, aunque eso no significa que exista un corpus conceptual y teórico que nos ayude a comprender mejor el tema. Las actuales coyunturas mundiales exigen una renovación en los estudios y prácticas sobre la interfase entre redes electrónicas y ciudades. Surgen nuevos conceptos, nuevas nociones y las ciudades comienzan a ser vistas como medios innovadores, tanto para sus ciudadanos como en relación a las regiones circundantes y a sus países de pertenencia. El objetivo de este artículo es brindar un modelo de análisis …

Pastoral Exhibition: The Ymca Motion Picture Bureau And The Transition To 16mm, 1928-39, Ronald Walter Greene

Ronald Walter Greene

No abstract provided.

Arguing With Money: Reasonableness And Change In Citizens United V. Federal Election Commission, Ronald Walter Greene

Ronald Walter Greene

No abstract provided.

Commons / Commodity: Peer Production Caught In The Web Of The Commercial Market, Bingchun Meng, Fei Wu

Philip F Wu

The development of digital technology and computer networks has enabled many kinds of online collaboration. This article examines Zimuzu, a Chinese case of online peer production, which provides an opportunity to extend our understanding of how the tensions between the commodity and commons production models are being articulated in an online setting. Using empirical evidence collected from face-to-face interviews, online posts and online ethnographic observation, our analysis demonstrates that there is constant negotiation over which aspects of the two seemingly opposing models will be adopted by the community. We argue that it is important to conceptualize the peer production process …