Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Are Transformational Leaders Sustainable? The Role Of Organizational Culture, Shan Ran

Wayne State University Dissertations

As the workplace becomes increasingly stressful, leaders’ well-being, a critical determinant for follower well-being and organizational effectiveness, rises as an important research direction. Under the theoretical framework of self-regulation and conservation of resources, the current study hypothesized that transformational leadership deters leaders’ affective and cognitive resources from long-term self-growth, resulting in a detrimental effect on leaders’ eudemonic well-being. In addition, organizational culture was hypothesized to moderate the overall negative relationship between transformational behaviors and well-being of the leaders. On the one hand, mastery-approach norms would facilitate restoration of resources, so the association between transformational leadership and well-being becomes positive under …

Colorism Bias In Hiring Decisions: Disentangling The Effects Of Hair Type And Skin Tone, Niambi Maia Childress Powell

Wayne State University Dissertations

Studies on colorism bias are prevalent, but there exists a gap in the literature regarding how this construct operates within organizational contexts (Marira & Mitra, 2013). The current research explores colorism bias in organizational hiring decisions, considering both hair type and skin tone as physical markers which influence the enactment of colorism biases; as well as investigating the mediating effect of racial identity strength and attractiveness of the applicant, and moderating effects of job type. In a quasi-experimental design, participants viewed a Black female job applicant being considered for either a blue or white collar job, with varying degrees of …

Efficacy Of A Structured Free Recall Intervention To Improve Rating Quality In Performance Evaluations, Maximum Mgrdich-Ararat Sirabian

Wayne State University Theses

This experiment investigated the effects of a rater training on halo errors and accuracy during performance evaluations. 408 participants were randomly assigned to three groups (n=136) where they were either presented with a structured free recall intervention (SFRI), frame of reference training (FoRT), or no training. The purpose of this study was to further investigate the efficacy of SFRI against prominent training methods and no training at all. Results were not significant, and did not support previous finding in the literature. Further explanations are offered and a discussion is presented as to why these results were obtained.

Getting Old At The Top: The Role Of Affective Abilities And Leadership Role Characteristics In The Relationship Between Age And Leadership Behaviors, Greg Thrasher

Wayne State University Dissertations

Leadership behaviors and the outcomes they foster have historically been a central issue to organizational researchers and practitioners alike. Interestingly, though, as the workforce continues to age, research on leadership from a lifespan perspective has been surprisingly rare. The current dissertation aims to address this gap in the literature through two main contributions. First, the main effect of age on the dimensions of task, relational, and change-oriented leadership behaviors is examined. Second, I examine how characteristics of leadership roles interact with of age-related changes in affective abilities in the relationship between age and leadership behaviors. Results suggest that there is …

The Automotive Industry Supply Chain Case Competition: A University And Industry Partnership, Timothy W. Butler, John C. Taylor

Journal of Transportation Management

The importance of business schools collaborating with industry, and especially local companies, is selfevident. One way that the Global Supply Chain Management Program in the Mike Ilitch School of Business at Wayne State University has collaborated with General Motors and several major suppliers, and potential employers of students, is through an automotive industry supply chain management (SCM) case competition. In 2016, the Global Supply Chain Management Program, along with General Motors, will host the 6th annual General Motors/Wayne State University Supply Chain Case Competition. Supply Chain Management students from universities around the world travel to Detroit, MI to participate in …

Keys To Successful Balanced Scorecard Implementation And Use Based On Published Implementation Attempts, Aarom J. Hepler, Bradley E. Anderson, Martha C. Cooper, Jeffrey A. Ogden

Journal of Transportation Management

In recent years many companies have evolved from being centrally located and managed to decentralized, multi-national companies consisting of many separate entities to be strategically managed. In response to this and other changes, such as the need for better measurement of performance, a strategic management tool was developed called the Balanced Scorecard (BSC). This research provides a tool to guide and evaluate BSC implementation. A meta-synthesis approach was used to examine qualitative BSC data available in the literature that suggested eleven keys to successful BSC implementation and use. These keys are then used to benchmark an implementation in a government …

Identifying Critical Skills For Logistics Professionals: Assessing Skill Importance, Capability, And Availability, Sean P. Goffnett, Zachary Williams, Brian J. Gibson, Michael S. Garver

Journal of Transportation Management

The purpose of this research is to identify critical skills needed in the logistics profession now and in the future. This study uses survey research, means tests, and importance analysis to explore a multi-factor framework that identifies critical supply chain skills perceived by 176 experienced supply chain professionals from manufacturing, transportation, and retail/wholesale segments. Results indicate significant differences exist between current and future needed skills, among current capabilities and current availability of skills, and among skill needs utilizing a multi-factor index. Identifying needed skills based on importance is common. Considering more factors than just importance offers a more thorough assessment …

An Empirically Derived Framework Of Logistics Management Strategy, Michael A. Mcginnis, Ali Kara, Leslie I. Wolfe

Journal of Transportation Management

The purpose of this paper is to present an empirically derived framework for Logistics Management and discuss how it integrates organization’s short-term objectives with the need to respond to the complex external environment. Organizational theory, strategic planning and logistics management literature were reviewed carefully in identifying the conceptual support for the derived framework of logistics management and organizational competitiveness. The proposed generalized framework demonstrates that Logistics Management Strategy has the strongest positive effect on Organizational Competitiveness when it is mediated by Logistics Coordination Effectiveness and Customer Service Commitment. Overall Logistics Strategy is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for increased …

The Effects Of Pain Interference On Exhaustion At Work And The Mediating Role Of Negative Affect: A Diary Study Of Workers With Chronic Pain, Zachary Fragoso

Wayne State University Theses

Chronic pain is prevalent, affecting an estimated 116 million Americans (Jensen & Turk, 2014), and it is one of the leading causes of work-related disability in the U.S. (Sprigg, Stride, Wall, Holman, & Smith, 2007). Therefore, pain interference at work is an important topic for organizational researchers, yet there is currently a lack of research in this area. Drawing on theory related workplace stress and the chronic pain literature, I proposed a model in which fluctuation in pain interference with work is related to negative affective responses, above and beyond daily fluctuations in pain severity, which, in turn, manifests in …

An Empirical Assessment Of Logistics/Supply Chain Management In Two Latin American Countries, John E. Spillan, Michael A. Mcginnis, Ali Kara, César Antúnez De Mayolo, Gustavo Jara

Journal of Transportation Management

The Bowersox Daugherty (1987) logistics strategy typology (Process Strategy, Market Strategy, and Information Strategy) is an important conceptual framework for studying logistics/supply chain management strategy and its role on logistics/supply chain management outcomes. The purpose of this research is to empirically apply the typology in Peru and compare the findings with the previous research conducted in Guatemala. The three Bowersox/Daugherty dimensions are used to define the construct Overall Logistic Strategy (OLS), and then, the OLS was used to measure Organizational Competitiveness (COMP) through two intervening variables LCE (Logistics Coordination Effectiveness) and CSC (Customer Service Commitment). The results indicate that generally …

Organic Or Contract Support? Investigating Cost And Performance In Aircraft Sustainment, Jonathan D. Ritschel, Tamiko L. Ritschel

Journal of Transportation Management

Over the past 15 years, the United States Air Force (USAF) has shifted toward utilizing more Contracted Logistics Support (CLS) and away from organic maintenance in their aircraft fleets. Given operating and support costs comprise 53-65% of total life-cycle costs for USAF aircraft, understanding the implications of these sustainment decisions is imperative. Utilizing a maintenance cost per flying hour metric and performing regression analysis, we find the maintenance strategy decision (CLS, mixed, or organic) is the most significant driver. We then examine performance metrics in relation to two established aircraft availability targets. Analysis of variance reveals statistically significant differences between …

Parcel Shipping: Understanding The Needs Of Business Shippers, Michael S. Garver, Zachary Williams, Sean P. Goffnett, Brian J. Gibson

Journal of Transportation Management

Research on carrier selection addresses how shippers choose carriers. To date, this extensive research stream has not adequately addressed a known and significant shipping segment: business parcel shippers. In this research, input from 374 business parcel shippers was captured and analyzed using Maximum Difference Scaling. The respondents were asked to evaluate the importance of 17 carrier selection variables in regard to choosing a parcel carrier. The overall results indicate that delivery promises, transit times, rates, pick-up promises, and tracking are the most important attributes when a parcel shipper makes a carrier selection. In addition, the results of attribute importance were …

The Impact Of Urban Sprawl On Journey To Work Times For Mass Transit And All Other Commuters In The United States: A Research Note, Thomas E. Lambert, Hokey Min, Kyle Dorriere

Journal of Transportation Management

As government budgets get tighter, there has been considerable public outcry about the continued investment in public mass transit systems and their financial viability. Amid this outcry, a number of studies have been conducted to determine which factors influence the use and efficiency of publiclyfunded mass transit systems. These factors include population density and less sprawl (or greater urban compactness). However, their impact on mass transit usage is somewhat contradictory in that the heavy concentration of populations in the urban area and greater compactness is believed to increase mass transit usage due to a bigger number of potential passengers. In …

The Impact Of Age On Workplace Motivation: A Person-Centered Perspective, Keith Lynn Zabel

Wayne State University Dissertations

The present study used the person-centered approach to examine how profiles based upon six different age conceptualizations differentially impact workplace motivation. In the first known study to examine all conceptualizations of age simultaneously, results suggested the age conceptualizations of subjective age and health significantly impact growth motives for older workers, but not social or security motives. Results suggest social motives are influenced more by chronological age as opposed to other conceptualizations of age. Implications for practitioners in designing and implementing HR activities (e.g., succession planning) and researchers in utilizing all the conceptualizations of age and studying workplace interventions are discussed.

Exploring Crossover Effects Among Working Spouses Through The Lens Of Social Cognitive Theory: Soc And Work-Family Conflict, Kevin Thomas Wynne

Wayne State University Dissertations

Managing competing demands from multiple life domains poses a significant challenge for today's workforce. In particular, employees who also have an active role at home often experience work-family conflict (WFC), which is associated with a number of negative outcomes. Research has shown that the selection, optimization, and compensation (SOC) set of coping strategies includes behaviors that tend to reduce WFC. However, it remains unknown how working spouses' use of these effective strategies "crossover" to influence the partner’s outcomes. Do individuals' use of SOC coping strategies reduce their spouse's experience of WFC? Using an emergent data analytic method—the actor-partner interdependence model …

The Transformational Leadership Communication Of Socially Close And Distant Leaders On Vision Integration, Bethany Weaver

Wayne State University Dissertations

Applying the theories of transformational leadership and distributive leadership and drawing from diffusion of innovations, this work posits that transformational leaders are successful in transferring vision and subsequently transforming the organization by enacting their communication both systematically and interpersonally. From a system level perspective, transformational leaders in executive leadership roles direct their communicative attention to the key influencers in the organization. They expend their time and effort on an interpersonal level ensuring these individuals are infused with the vision of the organization, understand it, develop the skills necessary to contribute to its achievement, and are equipped and motivated to transfer …

Are Our Values Being Measured Adequately? Creation Of A More Comprhensive Work Values Scale, Daniel Ryan Krenn

Wayne State University Theses

Personal values are essential components in organizational climate and culture, leader-follower relationships, as well as other variables frequently investigated in I/O and management. Even though understanding values is vital to organizational research, the scales that assess these constructs have many problems. Depending on the scale that is used, the value taxonomy may vary significantly. There are also problems with the measurement of these values. Some scales assess the degree to which each value is important individually. Other values scales assess the order of importance of values. However, no scale has been created that assesses the extent of importance and the …

What Is Consulting Services? Our Approach To Supporting The Needs Of The Scholarly Community, Allen Sprague

Digital Commons+ Great Lakes User Group

An outline of the thought and approach behind bepress's Consulting Services model.

Enhancing Competitiveness And Connectivity: The New Us-Mexico Air Services Agreement, Drew M. Stapleton, Vivek Pande

Journal of Transportation Management

Beginning this year, U.S. cargo and passenger airlines will have an opportunity to compete for a bigger share of freight trade and traffic between the U.S. and Mexico. This opportunity will occur as a result of the new Air Services Agreement (ASA) between the U.S. and Mexico that took effect in January, 2016. This ASA further elevates and strengthens the dynamic commercial and economic relationship between the United States and Mexico by facilitating greater trade and tourism. It is a key element of the U.S.-Mexico High Level Economic Dialogue (HLED) that aims to promote competitiveness and connectivity, foster economic growth, …

Logistics Concepts In Freight Transportation Modeling, Subhro Mitra, Elvis Ndembe, Poyraz Kayabas

Journal of Transportation Management

The purpose of this paper is to review logistics concepts used in macro freight transportation modeling by various planning agencies at the national, state and city level. The chronological development of freight modeling endeavors are studied here and the logistics component incorporated in the modeling is identified. The key modeling tools are identified and analyzed to identify the efficacy of the model, ease of use, and data required to implement the model. The conclusion was that European freight models were more developed than North American freight models. The tools most widely used are the aggregate-disaggregate-aggregate model, input-output model, artificial neural …

Identifying The Dimensions Of Logistics Service Quality In An Online B2c Context, David M. Gligor

Journal of Transportation Management

There is theoretical and practical evidence indicating the existence of significant differences between the needs and wants of firms and end consumers, as well as the existence of significantly different needs between offline and online environments. Therefore, it is not clear how effectively measures of logistics service quality developed in an offline, B2B context can be applied to an online, B2C environment. This manuscript explores the elements of logistics service quality that end consumers value in an online context. The literature on logistics service quality in B2B and the literature on online consumer satisfaction are integrated. This results in the …

Using Visual Data Mining In Highway Traffic Safety Analysis And Decision Making, Yao-Te Tsai, Huw D. Smith, Stephen M. Swartz, Fadel M. Megahed

Journal of Transportation Management

An ongoing, two-fold challenge involves extracting useful information from the massive amounts of highway crash data and explaining complicated statistical models to inform the public about highway safety. Highway safety is critical to the trucking industry and highway funding policy. One method to analyze complex data is through the application of visual data mining tools. In this paper, we address the following three questions: a) what existing data visualization tools can assist with highway safety theory development and in policy-making?; b) can visual data mining uncover unknown relationships to inform the development of theory or practice? and c) can a …

Communication And Identity: The Paternity Leave Decision, Scott Sellnow-Richmond

Wayne State University Dissertations

Paternity leave has remained an under-studied phenomenon in the United States. The US stands in contrast to countries such as Sweden and Norway, which have a history of government-regulated paid time off for fathers of new children. Therefore new fathers in the US face a unique situation regarding their decision of whether or not to take whatever form of paternity leave may be available to them. This study explores what aspects of new fathers’ identities are salient regarding the paternity leave decision. The Communication Theory of Identity (CTI) is used as a theoretical framework to explore how these identities correspond …

Impact Of Freight Traffic On School Walking Decisions In Urban Environments, Stephanie S. Ivey, Marian Levy, Marla B. Royne, Kelsey Ford, Kranthi Guthikonda

Journal of Transportation Management

In light of the decline in social acceptance of walking and biking to school, there is a critical need to examine issues impacting school transportation decisions and to identify strategies to promote healthier behavior. In urban areas with high volume freight corridors, factors affecting school walking decisions can be complicated by increased truck and rail traffic. This paper presents findings from a study of urban neighborhoods in a major southeastern city, including those that are adjacent to freight corridors. Perceptions of neighborhood residents are compared in the context of existing infrastructure and network characteristics (urban vs. urban freight-centric). The results …

Mmog/Le: Improving Supply Chain Delivery Performance Through Buyer- Supplier Collaboration, Timothy W. Butler, David L. Williams, Tingting Yan

Journal of Transportation Management

This article introduces readers to a relatively new self-assessment tool for measuring the readiness and effectiveness of supplier materials management and logistics processes in the automotive industry. The tool, the Material Management Operating Guidelines/Logistics Evaluation (MMOG/ LE), was developed by the Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), and Odette International – a European alliance of automotive companies. The article begins with an introduction to the topic of quality and materials management assessment systems. The author’s then report on what they learned about MMOG/LE based on a review of the system and other comparable systems, and based on interviews with OEM’s and …

Standardization Of Highway Construction Delay Claim Analysis: A Highway Bridge Case Study, Mohammed S. Hashem M. Mehany, Neil S. Grigg

Journal of Transportation Management

Highway construction efficiency is critical to highway users such as the trucking industry given today’s era of shortages in funding, and given the need for major re-investments in the highway system. One topic that can add to project costs relates to delays and how contractors are reimbursed for such delays. Delays are common in construction, especially in complex heavy highway and other infrastructure projects, and the claims they generate have negative effects on project schedules and costs. In spite of this, the analysis of claims is hindered due to the variety of methods and analysis techniques in use and lack …

A New Approach To Speaker Relevence Using A Logistics Executive In Residence Course, Stephen M. Rutner, Scott R. Cox, Maria E. Aviles

Journal of Transportation Management

This article addresses a new method to bring real world relevance into the Logistics, Transportation and Supply Chain Management classroom. A different type of Executive in Residence course focuses on using multiple industry speakers to provide a unique learning environment for today’s Millennial majors. While the majority of the paper is a thought based overview, a statistical analysis of student responses was used to compare various types of relevant courses. A simple comparison of various appropriate items was examined to identify if the Executive in Residence course increased learning. Both the anecdotal and statistical evidence suggests that the Executive in …

Full Issue (25.2, Winter 2015), Journal Of Transportation Management Editors

Journal of Transportation Management

No abstract provided.

A Study Of Performance Based Budgeting Reforms In The National Park Service And Their Effects On Agency Management And Operations, Nichole Marie Fifer

Wayne State University Dissertations

This is a case study of performance-based and budgeting reforms in National Park Service (NPS). The study examines the effects of reform initiatives on the agency’s administration, budgeting, and management. Previous research suggests that current reform initiatives are more effective than those of the past. Further research on reforms suggests reform impacts, while small or non-existent at the agency level may be significant at the sub-agency level. The main reform studied here is performance based budgeting (PBB), under the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA). Its purpose is to improve policy implementation at the “street level.” If working as intended, …

Essays On Horizontal Divestitures And Product Market Relationships, Norkeith Ervin Smith

Wayne State University Dissertations

This dissertation is the first to study the product effect of horizontal divestitures on upstream and downstream firms. This first essay examines product market impact of a sample of horizontal asset sales from 1988 to 2005 on corporate customers, suppliers, and industry rivals. I create a sample of firms that classifies corporate customers, suppliers, and industry competitors of firms proposing horizontal asset sales, and employ this data set to investigate the wealth effects at announcement. This study also considers post-divestiture changes in abnormal operating performance for divesting firms, customers, and suppliers.

I document evidence that divestiture related wealth effects for …