Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Geophysical Explorations At Sylvester Manor, Kenneth L. Kvamme

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Geophysical surveys were undertaken at the Sylvester Manor Estate, on Shelter Island, New York, in the summer of 2000. This work helped identify and map components of the buried cultural landscape at this plantation where Dutch, English, Native Americans, and enslaved Africans labored in the second half of the 17th century and later. A second goal was to map features of historic gardens that are known to have existed, and explore the possibility of cultural features in a distant “West Peninsula” area. Ground-penetrating radar, magnetic gradiometry, and electrical resistance surveys were employed. The electrical resistance data, acquired at 25 cm …

The Archaeology Of Sylvester Manor, Stephen A. Mrozowski, Katherine Howlett Hayes, Anne P. Hancock

Northeast Historical Archaeology

This chapter introduces the history of the Sylvester Manor Project. It emphasizes the importance of the interdisciplinary approach employed during the project and the overall goals of the investigations. A discussion of pluralistic space and its importance as a central theme of the investigations is also presented. This is followed by a discussion of the Native American history of Shelter Island and its European colonization with particular attention given to the initial establishment of Sylvester Manor as a provisioning plantation, its connections to two large sugar plantations on Barbados, and its subsequent transformation into a commercial estate.

A “Fashionable Tailor” On Water Street:Nineteenth-Century Tailor’S Chalks Fromst. John’S, Newfoundland, Temple Blair, Barry C. Gaulton

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Excavations related to a large sewer construction project in St. John’s, Newfoundland exposed several examples of tailor’s chalk lost during the Great Fire of 1892. Made from pipe clay, these objects may be the first of their kind identified on an archaeological site in North America. This paper introduces the changing social and economic position of tailors and other clothing-related trades in St. John’s. Tailor’s chalks are discussed within the context of the clay tobacco pipe industry, particularly the non tobacco-related objects produced, and within the tailoring trade throughout the early modern period.

The John Hunt Map Of The First English Colony Innew England, Jeffrey P. Brain

Northeast Historical Archaeology

A map of Fort St. George, the first official English settlement in New England, is proved to be a remarkably accurate document. Drawn by a draftsman who was obviously trained in state-of-the-art military cartography, it is a testament to the thoughtful planning of the adventure and the competence of the principal participants, as well as a reliable guide to archaeological investigation.

The Analysis Of 18th Century Glass Trade Beadsfrom Fort Niagara: Insight Into Compositionalvariation And Manufacturing Techniques, Aaron Shugar, Ariel O’Connor

Northeast Historical Archaeology

An assemblage of 445 archaeological glass trade beads excavated from Old Fort Niagara, Youngstown, New York in 2007 were analyzed to determine their manufacturing technology and elemental composition. Analytical techniques included reflected light microscopy, handheld X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Optical microscopy revealed the manufacturing technology of the beads and uncovered discrepancies between the current method of visual identification for bead type and color and the structures and colors revealed through scientific analysis. Elemental analysis revealed a new turquoise blue bead composition.

Forging Ahead In The Somerset Hills: Archaeologicaldocumentation Of An 18th-Century Bloomery Forge Inbernardsville, New Jersey, Richard Veit, Michael Gall

Northeast Historical Archaeology

This paper describes the results of a program of salvage archaeology at the Leddell Forge in Bernardsville, Somerset County, New Jersey. The site, which dates from the late-18th century, was discovered during landscaping activities on private property. Small-scale ironworks, such as this forge, were once a ubiquitous part of the cultural landscape in northern New Jersey, but today they are largely forgotten. With support from the Historical Society of the Somerset Hills and private donors, the forge remains were recorded. The Leddell Forge site contained exceptionally well-preserved wooden remains which provide new information about bloomery forge layout and construction. As …

Collective Identities, The Catholic Temperance Movement,And Father Mathew: The Social History Of A Teacup, Stephen Brighton

Northeast Historical Archaeology

People use material culture and its associated symbolism to express collective identities. The aim of this paper is to illuminate class and religious conflict and negotiation between Irish Catholic immigrants, the American Roman Catholic Church, mainstream native-born Americans, and various Protestant cohorts in New York City between 1850 and 1870. To do this I explore the social meaning and significance embedded within a refined white earthenware teacup decorated with the image of Father Theobald Mathew. The cup was discovered during excavation of a mid- to late-19th-century, predominantly Irish immigrant section of New York City known as the Five Points.

The Archaeology Of The Matron’S Cottage:A Household Of Female Employees At Sailors’ Snug Harbor,Staten Island, New York, Sherene Baugher

Northeast Historical Archaeology

At Sailors’ Snug Harbor (1833 – 1976), a charitable institution for retired seamen located on Staten Island, New York, the Matron’s Cottage housed the unmarried, full-time, female employees. From 1845- 1880, it also housed the Steward and his wife in separate quarters. The women worked as seamstresses, cooks, and washerwomen. The Matron was an educated woman who could keep detailed records and was the director of the female staff. The archaeological evidence at the site of the Matron’s Cottage, together with primary source documents, reveals information on the life of these 19th-century working-class women within their household. To place the …

Metallurgy In The Roman Forts Of Scotland: An Archaeological Analysis, Scott S. Stetkiewicz

Honors Projects

Investigates the presence of metalworking in thirty-seven Roman forts in Scotland during the Flavian, Antonine, and Severan occupations largely through analysis of published documentation concerning relevant archaeological excavations.

Houses In A Landscape: Memory And Everyday Life In Mesoamerica, Julia A. Hendon

Gettysburg College Faculty Books

In Houses in a Landscape, Julia A. Hendon examines the connections between social identity and social memory using archaeological research on indigenous societies that existed more than one thousand years ago in what is now Honduras. While these societies left behind monumental buildings, the remains of their dead, remnants of their daily life, intricate works of art, and fine examples of craftsmanship such as pottery and stone tools, they left only a small body of written records. Despite this paucity of written information, Hendon contends that an archaeological study of memory in such societies is possible and worthwhile. It …

Brennan, Mary Zita, B. 1955 (Sc 2229), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

MSS Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Manuscripts Small Collection 2229. Dissertation titled "Sense of Place: Reconstructing Community Through Archeology, Oral History, and GIS" written by Mary Zita Brennan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a doctorate in anthropology at the University of Arkansas. The work focuses on families along Moccasin and Indian Creeks in northwest Pope County, Arkansas. Appendices on compact disc. Tate Cromwell "Piney" Page was on the faculty of Western Kentucky University for many years.

Vampire Island, Anastasia Tsaliki

Anastasia Tsaliki

Participation in this documentary directed by Julian Thomas and produced by Electric Sky for History Channel International.

"The legend of blood sucking vampires has captured peoples’ imagination for generations. Mysterious tales of the undead rising from their coffins to terrorise the living and drain their blood are the stuff of horror movies and novels. But a crack team of archaeologists and forensic scientists have uncovered hard evidence for the existence of the legend – a legend that continues to haunt communities in the present day…"

Analysis Of Historic Glass In Kittitas Valley Sites, Minori Muramoto

Undergraduate Honors Theses

The purpose of this project was to investigate a sample of the historic glass artifacts from three excavation sites in the Kittitas Valley: the Grissom Site (45KT301), the Robber's Roost Site ( 45KT800), and the Sorenson Site (no site number). I addressed five questions about the glass artifacts: 1) what was the minimum number of vessels, 2) what functional types of glass were found, 3) what technologies were used to manufacture them, 4) when, where, and which company made this glass, and 5) what Ellensburg stores or companies are represented in the sample. I also used the data to estimate …

Cultural Diversification And Decimation In The Prehistoric Record, William C. Prentiss, James C. Chatters

Anthropology and Museum Studies Faculty Scholarship

The history of human cultures is frequently marked by a distinctive pattern of evolution that paleobiologists term diversification and decimation. Under this process, fundamentally new socioeconomic systems appear during periods of dramatic cultural diversification, typically through cultural cladogenesis. Significant diversification episodes come about under conditions that favor group economic success under effective or geographic isolation. Typically shortlived, they are often followed by abrupt decimation under more competitive economic conditions. Regional archaeological sequences, viewed from this perspective, suggest that (1) cultural evolutionary trends are strongly conditioned by historical contingency, though general evolutionary processes are continuously active; (2) the emergence of new …

Review Of: Australian Rock Art: A New Synthesis, Paul Faulstich

Pitzer Faculty Publications and Research

Rock-art studies have now come of age, and are among the most fertile explorations of expressive culture. Through an interdisciplinary approach to its study, we have expanded our knowledge into the realms of aesthetics, belief systems, and social structures. Australian rock an is particularly significant, since it is a visual expression that has been practiced by contemporary as well as prehistoric Aboriginals. Robert Layton's most recent book -his "new synthesis" of Australian rock art- is an ambitious and successful analysis of Aboriginal rock art from across the continent.

Problems And Strategies In The Decipherment Of Meroitic, Richard A. Lobban Jr.

Faculty Publications

This article offers a preliminary report on the evolution of the study of Meroitic language and on developing a strategy for expanding its translation from one or two dozen words to some greater number. The strategy is complicated by the essential absence of bilingual texts. Thus, this strategy seeks to synthesize a bilingual environment for the study of Meroitic inscriptions. The first part of this article will review the position of Meroitic in African language systems and discuss why so little progress has been made in the decipherment of Africa's oldest written language after Egyptian hieroglyphics.

W.P.A. Archaeological Excavations In Chatham County, Georgia: 1937-1942, Chester B. Depratter

Faculty & Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

The Archaeology Of The Longue Durée: Temporal And Spatial Scale In The Evolution Of Social Complexity On The Southern Northwest Coast, Kenneth M. Ames

Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations

The emphasis on temporal and geographic scale of the French Annales school of history (cf. Braudel 1980; Baker 1984; Lewthwaite 1988) is the inspiration for this paper. Braudel (1980) divides time into three durations: short term events (days, weeks, months, a few years), medium length conjunctures (years, decades, even major portions of centuries), and long term structures (which may last centuries, even millennia). This last duration is the longue durée. Basic to Annales' thought - and the longue durée - is the idea that to understand historical developments, to explain their causes and dynamics, one must know their temporal and …

Late Prehistoric And Early Historic Chiefdoms In The Southeastern United States, Chester B. Depratter

Faculty & Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Native Americans Versus Archaeologists: The Legal Issues, C. Dean Higginbotham

American Indian Law Review

No abstract provided.

The 1974-75 Archaeological Survey In The Wallace Reservoir, Greene, Hancock, Morgan, And Putnam Counties, Georgia, Chester B. Depratter

Faculty & Staff Publications

The Wallace Reservoir is a Georgia Power Company generating facility currently being constructed 12 miles northwest of Sparta, Georgia. When completed (late in 1978), the Wallace Reservoir will flood 18,000 acres along the Oconee and Apalachee Rivers and their tributaries. An additional 3,000 acres of shoreline will be adversely affected by the presence of the reservoir.

Prior to 1974, three archaeological surveys were conducted in the Wallace Reservoir and its environs. In 1971, the Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia, conducted a 10 week survey of the project area with funding from the Georgia Power Company. During the summer of …

An Archaeological Survey Of P.H. Lewis Property, Skidaway Island, Chatham County, Georgia, Chester B. Depratter

Faculty & Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Some Interactions In The Evolution Of Man And Tools, Gary W. Weston

All Master's Theses

This paper looks at some of the interactions between the development of tools and the evolution of man and his ancestors. It begins with a brief history of life up to the primates as a foundation. Next the use of tools by other animals is examined followed by the coverage of the period of time from Australopithecus to Modern Man showing the interweaving of physical and mental evolution of man and the development and refinement in his physical tools. Lastly, a look at possible future interactions in the physical and mental evolutionary developments in man as influenced by his tools …

Ancient Glass And Pottery, T. B. Walker

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.