Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Agroecology Of The Naso-Teribe: The Management And Conservation Of Traditional Agroecological Systems, Maisie Ganz

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The term “agroecology” is used to describe the sustainable design and management of agricultural systems by the application of ecological concepts and principles. The resulting agroecosystems, often practiced by indigenous or poor farmers in marginal environments without access to external technologies, are systems of food production that integrate cultivated crops into surrounding ecosystems. The Naso-Teribe, an indigenous community of approximately 3,800 individuals living in the forests of western Panama, practice a complex agroecological system. The Naso farmers’ agricultural practices contribute to, and are dependent on, the biodiversity of resources available. The ways in which Naso farmers manage, maintain, and preserve …

La Participación Potencial En La Producción De Café Orgánico Vía La Alianza De Agricultores Orgánicos (Aliagro), Emily Hannah Mcateer

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

La producción de café ha jugado un papel muy importante en la economía y cultura de Ecuador por casi dos siglos. La historia de café Ecuatoriano empiece con su introducción al país en la primera parte de los años 1800, y por la mayor parte del siglo XX, el café fue un principal fuente de exportación de Ecuador, que finalmente fue sustituido por el petróleo, el banano, el camarón (1). Desfortunademente, el renuncio del Acuerdo Internacional de Café, en 1989, afectó la producción de café en Ecuador profundamente. El país sufrió de sobre-producción del producto, mal administración, organizaciones débiles, una …

Melbourne’S Community Gardens: Harvesting More Than Just Vegetables, Dana E. Kennedy

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Research on community gardens is an increasingly important area of study. As the percentage of the global population living in cities continues to climb, community gardens have the ability to reach increasing numbers of people. Previous research has shown that these spaces allocated for the growing of vegetables, flowers, fruit and/or herbs, produce many outcomes reaching beyond their members and into the surrounding environment. Studies indicate that this localized method of food production is able to reduce food costs for those involved, serve as an educational tool and provide a platform for community building, socialization, neighborhood renewal, and environmental remediation. …

Women In Agriculture: Making The Critical Difference, Meg Klosterman Kester

Cornhusker Economics

In 2002 the Census of Agriculture reported the total number of farm operators was 70,668. Nearly 16,000 of those operators were women, representing 22.5 percent of all operators. Over 3,000 women were designated as principal operators, representing over 6 percent of Nebraska’s 49,355 farms. Because women play a significant role in farm operation in the state, the Women in Agriculture program has grown and flourished over the past 21 years.

Cull Cow Marketing, Dillon Feuz

Cornhusker Economics

Every year, about this time of year it seems that someone asks me to speak about cull cow marketing. The date they want me to speak is generally the week before Thanksgiving. The problem with that talk then, is I am always a couple of months late with my advice. So I am getting my advice out early, or perhaps I should say on time, this year. Cull cow sales likely account for 20-25 percent of gross revenue on most cow-calf ranches. It is therefore worth considering different cull cow marketing strategies.

Rural Depopulation: A Closer Look At Nebraska’S Counties And Communities, Randolph L. Cantrell

Rural Initiative Program: Publications and Reports

There is no question about it; rural population loss and Metropolitan concentration continue to be important factors in shaping social and economic conditions in much of America’s Great Plains region. Despite widespread population increases throughout much of nonmetropolitan America during the 1990s, the rural Great Plains has remained an area of persistent decline (Johnson and Beale, 1998 and 2001). Declining populations have characterized many Great Plains counties since the early 1900s, and the trend has continued with few exceptions through the most recent census in 2000. In fact, for some Great Plains counties, the rate of population decline has actually …

Farm Bill Forum, Husker Harvest Days, Grand Island, Nebraska, Mike Johanns

Department of Agricultural Economics: News, Announcements, and Information

Transcript of NEBRASKA FARM BILL FORUM WITH AGRICULTURE SECRETARY MIKE JOHANNS AND MODERATORS SUSAN LITTLEFIELD, KZEN FARM NET, KEN RAHJES OF KRVN AND EMERY KLEVEN OF KOYL AT THE HUSKER HARVEST DAYS IN GRAND ISLAND, NEBRASKA ON SEPTEMBER 15, 2005

Heat And Mass Transfer During Baking : Product Quality Aspects, H Hadiyanto Et Al

Hadiyanto

Most food product qualities are developed during heating processes. Therefore the internal heating and mass transfer of water are important aspects in food processing. Heating of food products is mostly induced by convection heating. However, the number applications of convective heating in combination with microwave heating are growing. Convection heating only promotes heating on the surface while microwave induce internal heating. This paper focuses on effect of convection heating sources to changes of quality properties in bakery products such as brownness and texture. Heat convection and conduction, and moisture migration due to diffusion and convection are the key to changes …

Retail Patterns Across Nebraska, A 10-Year Perspective, Aaron C. Raymond, Bruce B. Johnson

Cornhusker Economics

Retail activity is very dynamic and highly variable, across both time and space. We have been following total retail activity, using taxable retail sales from the Nebraska Department of Revenue as a proxy for many years. Over time, we have witnessed the continuing trend towards increasing concentration of retail activity in the larger trade centers and urban communities, and away from rural and small trade centers. While state sales tax data provides some clear perspectives on overall changes and trends, even down to town and county levels, details as to the specific type of retail activity is precluded.

Brazil And Its Role In Global Agriculture, H. Douglas Jose

Cornhusker Economics

The themes which have been applied to Brazilian agriculture include “a growing agricultural giant,” and “the future of modern agriculture.” I had the opportunity to visit Brazil and observe some of their agriculture first hand in August. There is always a danger of making general observations based on limited time in a country and a limited area covered. But this two-week visit left me with some observations to consider as we think about the structure of global agriculture in the future.

Martino Of Como And Stefania Barzini. The Art Of Cooking: The First Modern Cookery Book, Ken Albala

College of the Pacific Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

Green Revolutions And Miracle Economies: Agricultural Innovation, Trade And Growth, Brishti Guha

Research Collection School Of Economics

The purpose of this paper is to develop a simple model of an economy in which growth is driven by a combination of exogenous technical change in agriculture as well as by a rising world demand for labor-intensive manufactured exports. We explore the relative roles of agricultural innovation and rising export demand in a model with two traded industrial goods and a non-traded agricultural good, food. When the non-traded sector uses a specific factor, we show that technical change in agriculture may be the key to sustained factor accumulation in industry, in particular driving intersectoral labor migration. A key assumption …

Appeals Court Rules Cattle Marketing Agreements Are Not Anti-Competitive, J. David Aiken

Cornhusker Economics

Traditionally cattle have been purchased for cash prices on the open market, at livestock auctions or directly from cattle producers. Cattle buyers from meatpackers negotiate with feedlot operators to purchase pens of cattle, attempting to estimate the average quality that the cattle will yield on the spot. Feedlot operators consider bids from competing packers and then decide which offer to accept. Cattle are delivered seven days from the date of the purchase.

Labor Issues In Nebraska Feedyards, Rik R. Smith, Darrell R. Mark

Cornhusker Economics

Cattle feeders in Nebraska employ significant labor resources to care for and manage the two million cattle on feed in Nebraska. With an average of about one employee for every thousand head of cattle fed, that translates to around 2,000 jobs for rural economies in Nebraska.

The Land Market And 1031 Exchanges, Glenn A. Helmers

Cornhusker Economics

Nebraska agricultural land values have increased nearly 50 percent in the past decade. To many observers this increase is much greater than would be expected based on crop profitability. Increasingly it is mentioned that the Section 1031 Exchange provision of the Internal Revenue Code is an important element leading to increased land values. This provision provides for tax deferral of the capital gain tax if an exchange occurs with like-kind property. The 1031 provision was enacted in 1984 by limiting the scope of the Starker Court decision of 1979. In 1991 IRS issued regulations regarding procedures of 1031 Exchanges. Section …

New Domestic Production Deduction, Tina N. Barrett

Cornhusker Economics

At this time last year we didn’t think we would see a new piece of tax legislation in 2004 and October brought us two of the largest bills in recent history. The second of the two was the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004. The fuel behind this bill was largely related to the Extra-Territorial Income Exclusion Act (ETI) of 2000 that had been deemed “inconsistent with international trade agreements” by the World Trade Organization. This had been a tax preference for strictly exporters, which is why the WTO had a problem. While the new law called for a three …

What Price The Moral High Ground In A Competitive Economic Environment?, Gary D. Lynne

Cornhusker Economics

A recent book by Robert Frank (2004), a well-known researcher and writer on the nature of our economic nature, points to how the business world appears to be in the grip of “infectious greed” attributing this phrase to Alan Greenspan, the current U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman. Greenspan has also said it is “not that humans have become more greedy than in generations past,” but rather that “the avenues to express greed have grown so enormously (quoted by Frank, 2004, p. vii).” So, apparently in the minds of the business community, perhaps even in our own agribusiness and farming communities, many …

The Effect Of Wal-Mart On The Economic Growth Of Nebraska Counties, Gibson Nene

Rural Initiative Program: Publications and Reports

Wal-Mart is the largest corporation in the world operating 3600 stores in the US and 1150 stores in other countries. With its highly automated distribution system, Wal-Mart has dominated the retail industry in the US becoming the largest employer and realizing higher sales than any other retail corporation in recent years. There are claims that the store has created benefits for consumers in the form of low prices, a wide assortment of products under one roof and employment opportunities and that communities have also benefited from Wal-Mart in the form of its involvement in charity and infrastructure.

Despite its market …

Is All Open Space Created Equal? A Hedonic Application Within A Data-Rich Gis Environment, Bradley C, Neumann

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Economic evidence reveals that preserved open space fosters services that are valued by members of society. However, when making the municipal decision to preserve land, communities must decide what type of open space to preserve, and must also deal with entities purchasing land and affecting tax revenues. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) has made efforts in recent years to expand the National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) system. This research seeks to determine if residential property owners value NWRs, and if they value NWRs differently than other types of open space, including conservation land, agricultural land, sports parks, golf …

Basis Risk Reduction With Lrp Insurance, Rik R. Smith, Darrell R. Mark

Cornhusker Economics

Livestock Risk Protection Insurance (LRP) is a pilot program from the USDA-Risk Management Agency (RMA) that provides minimum price protection for fed cattle, feeder cattle and swine producers. The program works like a put option in that a minimum price is established, but if prices increase producers can benefit from the increase. Producers pay a premium in exchange for this price insurance, which is available from licensed crop insurance agents.

An Examination Of Additively Separable Willingness-To-Pay For Environmental Attributes: Evidence From A Pork Experiment, Sean P. Hurley, James B. Kliebenstein

Agribusiness

This paper examines what is the best method for pork producers to market pork products with environmental attributes. The objective is to examine evidence of whether it is beneficial for pork producers to incorporate multiple environmental attributes into a single product or sell multiple products with a single environmental attribute.

Determining The Impact Of Food Price And Income Changes On Obesity, Christiane Schroeter, Jayson Lusk, Wallace Tyner

Agribusiness

Despite the significant rise in obesity in the U.S., economic research on obesity is still in its infancy. This paper employs a microeconomic approach to investigate the effects of price and income changes on weight in an effort to determine how a high-calorie food tax, a low-calorie food subsidy, and/or income changes affect body weight. Although raising the price of high-calorie food will likely lead to decreased demand for such goods; it is not clear that such an outcome will actually reduce weight. The model developed in this paper identifies conditions under which price and income changes are mostly likely …

The Effect Of Cooperatives On Innovation, Konstantinos Giannakas

Cornhusker Economics

Innovation activity is a critical element of business conduct affecting the competitiveness of firms, the arrival rate of innovations in the economy, productivity growth and social welfare. The strategic interactions among firms and their effect on innovation have received considerable attention in the economic literature with the main focus being on innovation competition in a pure oligopoly – i.e., a market in which a small number of profit-maximizing, investorowned firms (IOFs) operate.

The Cotton And Sugar Subsidies Decisions: Wto’S Dispute Settlement System Rebalances The Agreement On Agriculture, Stephen J. Powell, Andrew Schmitz

Stephen Joseph Powell

Acting on a complaint by Brazil, a WTO dispute settlement panel ruled September 8, 2004, that a variety of support programs for upland cotton exceeded reduction commitments made by the United States when it signed the 1995 WTO Agriculture Agreement and were thus not immune from challenge under the WTO Subsidies Agreement, with which the Panel then found these programs inconsistent.

The Panel's conclusions, if upheld by the WTO's Appellate Body, will have significant impact on agricultural policies for specialty and program crops of the United States, Europe, and Japan. This paper analyzes the decision, notable as the first to …

Dry Beans As A Farm Program Commodity: Is This A Good Idea?, Paul Burgener

Cornhusker Economics

With the inclusion of soybeans in the direct payment program and chickpeas, dry peas and lentils in the marketing loan program under the 2002 Farm Act, the question of whether or not to push for inclusion of dry beans in the 2007 legislation has been posed. There are a number of factors that need to be considered before making a major lobbying effort to get dry beans included in the 2007 Farm Bill. The key points will be discussed here.

Water Marketing: The New Frontier In Nebraska Water Law, J. David Aiken

Cornhusker Economics

Water marketing refers to the buying and selling of water rights. Typically, in many western states cities purchase water rights from farmers, because no unappropriated water is available. The water right transfer must be approved by the State Engineer to make sure that other water right holders are not harmed by the sale. Typically, the buyer receives only the amount of water consumed in the original use (e.g. irrigation), not the entire quantity of water allowed under the original water right.

Estimating The Impacts Of Differing Price-Risk Management Strategies On The Net Income Of Salinas Valley Lettuce Producers: A Stochastic Simulation Approach, Roland Fumasi, Wayne H. Howard, Jay E. Noel

Agribusiness

While government safety-net programs are used to mitigate the price risk for commodity producers, limited programs exist for specialty crop producers. Specialty crop producers utilize forward contracts to reduce downside price risk. In order to estimate the method of price-risk management, if any, that is preferable to selling at market determined prices, a stochastic simulation model was constructed. The completed simulation model was used to estimate probability distributions for Salinas Valley net income under different pricing scenarios. Probabilities of reaching various net income thresholds were compared. Results indicate that Salinas Valley lettuce producers should maximize profitability by using forward contracts.

California’S Ocean Economy, Judith T. Kildow Dr, Charles S. Colgan

Publications

California’s Ocean Economy is the most expansive study of its kind in the nation and provides an update to the 1994 economic study conducted by the California Research Bureau and later released as part of the Resources Agency ocean strategy titled, California’s Ocean Resources: An Agenda for the Future. This report from the National Ocean Economics Program (NOEP) provides a more comprehensive understanding of the economic role of California’s ocean resources than has been available to date. It also provides California with strong evidence that its unique ocean and coastal resources are important to sustaining California’s economy. This information highlights …

Federal Farm Program Payments (1990-2001): An Analysis Of Changing Dependency And The Distribution Of Farm Payments In South Dakota, Larry Janssen, Yonas Hamda

Economics Staff Paper Series

The growing dependence of the state and local economy and the farm sector on Federal farm program payments is highlighted in this South Dakota case study. The concentration and distribution of farm program payments to recipients at the county, regional and state level from 1996 - 2001 is examined. Reasons for and implications of growing inequality of farm program payments are discussed.

Food Consumption Issues In The 21st Century, Andreas Drichoutis, Panagiotis Lazaridis

Andreas Drichoutis

No abstract provided.