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Magnetospheric Shortcomings In Ionospheric-Magnetospheric Coupling: An Ionospheric Perspective, Jan Josef Sojka

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The ionosphere, on a global scale, is reasonably well understood from a climatology perspective. However, the storm dynamics of the ionosphere are not fully understood. This partly arises from the complex response function of the Thermosphere-Ionosphere(T-I) system but also from the uncertainty in the space and time dynamics of the magnetospheric inputs to the ionosphere. In the context of M-I coupling, the ionosphere responds to magnetospheric electrodynamic forcing by altering the conductivity in the ionosphere and by plasma transport. Phenomenologically,we understand how to let the ionospheric conductivity evolve in response to local precipitation and how to transport plasma in the …