Physics Commons^™

Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling Of Internal Wave Interactions On Conch Reef, Florida Keys, Megan Miller

All HCAS Student Capstones, Theses, and Dissertations

Internal waves breaking on continental shelves play a significant role in mixing and nutrient delivery to coral reef ecosystems. As internal solitary waves, or solitons, propagate shoreward onto continental slopes, they can become unstable and break into turbulent bores that bring cool, nutrient-rich sub-thermocline water shoreward onto coral reefs. The propagation of turbulent bores generated by internal waves interacting with a complex surface creates high-frequency variabilities in the thermal and nutrient environment of Conch Reef in the Florida Keys, which has been studied previously. Here, I have created a three-dimensional model using ANSYS Fluent Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software to …

Characterization Of Isomeric States In Neutron-Rich Nuclei Approaching N = 28, Timilehin Hezekiah Ogunbeku

Theses and Dissertations

The investigation of isomeric states in neutron-rich nuclei provides useful insights into the underlying nuclear configurations, and understanding their occurrence along an isotopic chain can inform about shell evolution. Recent studies on neutron-rich Si isotopes near the magic number N = 20 and approaching N = 28 have revealed the presence of low-lying states with intruder configurations, resulting from multiple-particle, multiple-hole excitations across closed shell gaps. The characterization of these states involves measuring their half-lives and transition probabilities.

In this study, a new low-energy (7/2⁻₁) isomer at 68 keV in ³⁷Si was accessed via beta decay …

Investigating The Effects Of A Southward Flow In The Southeastern Florida Shelf Using Robotic Instruments, Alfredo Quezada

All HCAS Student Capstones, Theses, and Dissertations

We deployed a Slocum G3 glider fitted with an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP), a Conductivity-Temperature-Depth sensor (CTD), optics sensor channels, and a propeller on the Southeastern Florida shelf. The ADCP and CTD provide continuous measurements of Northern and Eastern current velocity components, salinity, temperature, and density, throughout the water column in a high-current environment. The optics sensor channels are able to provide measurements of chlorophyll concentrations, colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and backscatter particle counts. Additionally, for one of the glider deployments, we deployed a Wirewalker wave-powered profiling platform system also fitted with an ADCP and a CTD in …

Thermocatalytic Plasma-Assisted Dry Reforming Of Methane Over Ni/Al2o3 Catalyst, Tyler Wong

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Plasma catalysis is an advantageous approach that combines the effects of plasma with the enhancements of a catalyst. By utilizing a nickel catalyst in the plasma discharge zone of a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD), it can give an enhancement to the electrical field, boost microdischarges, and increase conversion and selectivity rates of CH₄ and CO₂ in the dry reforming of methane (DRM) reaction.

Industrial application of nickel catalysts in DBD Plasma DRM process are limited by poor stability, which is caused by the sintering of active metal particles and coke deposition on the catalyst surface. In this work, …

High-Performance Computing In Covariant Loop Quantum Gravity, Pietropaolo Frisoni

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This Ph.D. thesis presents a compilation of the scientific papers I published over the last three years during my Ph.D. in loop quantum gravity (LQG). First, we comprehensively introduce spinfoam calculations with a practical pedagogical paper. We highlight LQG's unique features and mathematical formalism and emphasize the computational complexities associated with its calculations. The subsequent articles delve into specific aspects of employing high-performance computing (HPC) in LQG research. We discuss the results obtained by applying numerical methods to studying spinfoams' infrared divergences, or ``bubbles''. This research direction is crucial to define the continuum limit of LQG properly. We investigate the …

Fe Analysis Of Tsunami Generation During The Genesis Flood, Tim Lewis, John Baumgardner

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

Within the framework of catastrophic plate tectonics, large tsunamis are a plausible mechanism for producing fossil-bearing sediments of the Flood rock record. The focus of this research is to model the behavior of an overriding slab in response to a rapidly subducting plate with the aim of understanding in more detail the tsunami generation process. Key to this process is the locking and unlocking of the overriding and subducting slabs. The unlocking results in the rapid rise of the sea bottom and generation of a tsunami. Several key questions arise in this context that the model seeks to answer. What …

Modeling The Process Of Rapid Geomagnetic Reversal During The Genesis Flood, Eric T. Katzaman, John Baumgardner

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

Remnant magnetization in the Earth’s igneous rocks document that the Earth’s magnetic field reversed its polarity many times during the Genesis Flood. Previous creationist research has argued that strong convective buoyancy within the Earth’s liquid outer core during the Flood can cause the expulsion of magnetic flux outward from the core into the overlying mantle which produces rapid reversals of the Earth’s surface dipolar magnetic field. This poster reports the status of our efforts to model this dynamic process in 3D spherical geometry using a magnetohydrodynamic numerical solver.

Dynamic Recrystallization And Grain Size Effects On Catastrophic Motion Of The Earth’S Mantle During The Flood: Advancement Of Material Models, Heechen Cho, John Baumgardner, Maria Lee, Caleb Miller, Mark Horstemeyer

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

This presentation reports a numerical study to investigate the mechanical effects of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and the grain size on the speed of flow of rock inside the earth’s solid mantle during the Genesis Flood. The strength, or viscosity, of its constituent minerals is key to understanding and modeling the dynamics of the mantle correctly. A mineral’s strength is strongly influenced by the crystal size, its lattice defects (vacancies and dislocations), and other microscale and crystal-scale phenomena. Since the viscosity difference of the earth’s deep mantle between the present day and during the Flood cataclysm is approximately 10 orders of …

Formulation Of Causality-Preserving Quantum Time Of Arrival Theory, Denny Lane B. Sombillo, Neris I. Sombillo

Physics Faculty Publications

We revisit the quantum correction to the classical time of arrival to address the unphysical instantaneous arrival in the limit of zero initial momentum. In this study, we show that the vanishing of arrival time is due to the contamination of the causality-violating component of the initial wave packet. Motivated by this observation, we propose to update the temporal collapse mechanism in Galapon (2009) [18] to incorporate the removal of causality-violating spectra of the arrival time operator. We found that the quantum correction to the classical arrival time is still observed. Thus, our analysis validates that the correction is an …

Renormalized Stress-Energy Tensor For Scalar Fields In Hartle-Hawking, Boulware, And Unruh States In The Reissner-Nordström Spacetime, Julio Arrechea, Cormac Breen, Adrian Ottewill, Peter Taylor

Articles

In this paper, we consider a quantum scalar field propagating on the Reissner-Nordström black hole spacetime. We compute the renormalized stress-energy tensor for the field in the Hartle-Hawking, Boulware and Unruh states. When the field is in the Hartle-Hawking state, we renormalize using the recently developed “extended coordinate” prescription. This method, which relies on Euclidean techniques, is very fast and accurate. Once, we have renormalized in the Hartle-Hawking state, we compute the stress-energy tensor in the Boulware and Unruh states by leveraging the fact that the difference between stress-energy tensors in different quantum states is already finite. We consider a …

Relativistic Ultrafast Electron Diffraction At High Repetition Rates, K. M. Siddiqui, D. B. Durham, F. Cropp, F. Ji, S. Paiagua, C. Ophus, N. C. Andresen, L. Jin, J. Wu, S. Wang, X. Zhang, W. You, M. Murnane, Martin Centurion, X. Wang, D. S. Slaughter, R. A. Kaindl, P. Musumeci, A. M. Minor, D. Filippetto

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

The ability to resolve the dynamics of matter on its native temporal and spatial scales constitutes a key challenge and convergent theme across chemistry, biology, and materials science. The last couple of decades have witnessed ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) emerge as one of the forefront techniques with the sensitivity to resolve atomic motions. Increasingly sophisticated UED instruments are being developed that are aimed at increasing the beam brightness in order to observe structural signatures, but so far they have been limited to low average current beams. Here, we present the technical design and capabilities of the HiRES (High Repetition-rate Electron …

Gwtc-3: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed By Ligo And Virgo During The Second Part Of The Third Observing Run, R. Abbott, T. Abbott, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, N. Adhikari, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, Wenhui Wang, Francisco Llamas

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

The third Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC-3) describes signals detected with Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo up to the end of their third observing run. Updating the previous GWTC-2.1, we present candidate gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences during the second half of the third observing run (O3b) between 1 November 2019, 15 ∶ 00 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and 27 March 2020, 17 ∶ 00 UTC. There are 35 compact binary coalescence candidates identified by at least one of our search algorithms with a probability of astrophysical origin p astro > 0.5 . Of these, 18 were previously reported as low-latency …

A Review On Possible Physical Meaning Of Elastic-Electromagnetic Mathematical Equivalences, Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

It is known, despite special theory of relativity has been widely accepted, in our recent draft submitted to this journal it is shown that some experiments have been carried out suggesting superluminal wave propagation, which make Minkowski lightcone not valid anymore. Therefore, it seems worth to reconsider the connection between elastic wave and electromagnetic wave equations, as in their early development. In this paper we will start with Maxwell-Dirac isomorphism, then we will find its connection with elastic wave equations.

Tapping The Hourglass: Disequilibrium Relaxation Following Accelerated Nuclear Decay, Nathan Mogk

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

In 2005, the Radioisotopes and the Age of The Earth (RATE) research initiative published compelling evidence for at least one episode of past radioactive decay which was accelerated by orders of magnitude compared with the rates measured in recent years. Constancy of radioactive decay rates is a central assumption in radiometric dating. Accelerated nuclear decay (AND) causes systematic change in the results of radiometric dating beyond the in situ above normal accumulation of daughter products. This includes relaxation of magma reservoirs to equilibrium and excessive inheritance arising from disequilibrium excesses of daughter products of greater order than crystal-melt partition ratios. …

Language, Coded Instructions And The Interaction With Thermodynamics, Andy C. Mcintosh

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

The theme of the 9th ICC is Developing and Systematizing the Creation Model of Origins. Following this theme, the proposed paper seeks to establish a rigorous and systematic approach to the important area of information and its interface with the substrate on which the information is expressed. This must first involve the understanding of the laws of thermodynamics not only for isolated systems but for closed (where only energy is allowed to cross the boundary) and open systems (where both matter and energy are allowed to cross the boundary). This is particularly an issue with the second law of …

Cause Of Large Post-Flood Jump In Earth's Carbon 14, D Russell Humphreys

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

Accelerated fusion in the Sun during the flood caused large post-flood jump in Earth’s ¹⁴C

D. Russell Humphreys

Creationists studying carbon-14 dating are generally aware of the need to have a large increase in Earth’s ¹⁴C/C ratio during the post-flood Ice Age (Oard, 2021), from about 0.5% of today’s ratio in fossils (Baumgardner, 2005) to more than 95% of today’s ratio by the time of Moses, 1500 B.C. Today cosmic-ray-generated neutrons hitting ¹⁴N nuclei in the atmosphere produce most of the ¹⁴C. With today’s influx of cosmic rays, it would take about 14,000 years to build …

Genealogical Vs Phylogenetic Mutation Rates: Answering A Challenge, Robert Carter

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

There is a discrepancy between the mutation rate we can measure today and the rate at which evolution is supposed to have proceeded. The former is sometimes called the genealogical mutation rate, for it is obtained by comparing individuals whom we know to be related. The latter is sometimes called the phylogenetic mutation rate. It is calculated by counting the fixed differences between two species and dividing by the estimated time since their common ancestor. Genealogical mutation rates are generally several orders of magnitude faster than phylogenetic estimates. This causes problems for the evolutionary model. For example, using the genealogical …

A Rapid Ice Age And Transition To Ice Sheet Growth, Steven M. Gollmer

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

For the past half-century, creationists have explored different explanations for glacial erosion features across the Northern Hemisphere. The best explanation to date is a single post-flood ice age with multiple surges. The challenge with this model is the limited time available between the end of the Flood and the time of Abraham, which appears to be post ice age. Oard (1979) proposed a short post-flood ice age developing due to warm oceans, volcanic aerosols, and barren surfaces. Performing computer climate simulations, Spelman (1996), Vardiman (1998), Gollmer (2013), and Gollmer (2018) verified that enhance precipitation occurs at higher latitudes due to …

Human Brain Function Above All Other And The Creation Model, James D. Johansen

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

The human brain functions at a level beyond any other brain in all of creation. With mankind being made in the image of God, there must be signatures of this fact in its design. Modeling the human brain that develops an architectural framework offers the potential to unpack this reality. This premise offers a rich area to explore that expands the creation model to capture the engineering framework God used in creation. This paper will focus on brain neurons and neural networks using systems engineering modeling tools.

The systems modeling language (SysML) will be used to capture a model of …

Raman Spectroscopic Analysis Of Human Serum Samples Of Convalescing Covid-19 Positive Patients, Hugh Byrne, Naomi Jackson, Jaythoon Hassan

Articles

Rapid screening, detection and monitoring of viral infection is of critical importance, as exemplified by the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2, leading to the worldwide pandemic of COVID-19. This is equally the case for the stages of patient convalescence as for the initial stages of infection, to understand the medium and long terms effects, as well as the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Optical spectroscopic techniques potentially offer an alternative to currently employed techniques of screening for the presence, or the response to infection. In this study, the ability of Raman spectroscopy to distinguish between samples of the serum of convalescent COVID-19 …

Atomic-Level Mechanisms Of Fast Relaxation In Metallic Glasses, Leo W. Zella

Doctoral Dissertations

Glasses are ubiquitous in daily life and have unique properties which are a consequence of the underlying disordered structure. By understanding the fundamental processes that govern these properties, we can modify glasses for desired applications. Key to understanding the structure-dynamics relationship in glasses is the variety of relaxation processes that exist below the glass transition temperature. Though these relaxations are well characterized with macroscopic experimental techniques, the microscopic nature of these relaxations is difficult to elucidate with experimental tools due to the requirements of timescale and spatial resolution. There remain many questions regarding the microscopic nature of relaxation in glass …

A Measurement Of Neutron Polarization And Transmission For The Nedm@Sns Experiment, Kavish Imam

Doctoral Dissertations

The D.O.E Nuclear Science Advisory Committee Long Range Plan has called for experimental programs to explore fundamental symmetry violations and their implications in nuclear, particle and cosmological physics. The neutron electric dipole moment experiment at the Spallation Neutron Source (nEDM@SNS) aims to search for new physics in the Time-reversal (T) and Charge-Parity (CP) symmetry violating sector by setting a new limit on the nEDM down to a few x 10^-28 e·cm using a novel cryogenic technique, which combines the unique properties of polarized Ultracold Neutrons (UCN), polarized ³He, and superfluid ⁴He. The experiment will employ a cryogenic …

Effect Of Self-Interaction Correction On Molecular Polarizabilities And Core Ionization Energies, Sharmin Akter

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Density Functional Theory (DFT) is one of the most successful and popular computational Quantum Mechanical approaches to understanding materials. DFT allows the prediction of material properties from the electron density. Although in principle, density functional theory is exact, it, however, relies on approximate functional for exchange-correlation energy. Due to the approximate nature of the exchange-correlation functional, the self-Coulomb energy of the electrons is not exactly canceled out by the self-exchange, leading to the spurious self-interaction error (SIE). Due to this error, the potential shows incorrect behavior which leads to errors in calculated properties such as ionization energies, electron affinities, polarizabilities, …

Intercomparison Of Planetary Boundary Layer Over El Paso-Juarez Region Using Vaisala Ceilometers, Vianey Arvilla

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Vaisala ceilometers (models CL 31 and Cl 51) were used to monitor and study the planetary boundary layer (PBL). There were four ceilometer stations that we connected to create the Paso del Norte ceilometer network. These stations are located at: UTEP, Socorro, Ivanhoe, and Juarez. This network has been automatized and its hourly averaged mean boundary layer height data is being downloaded into a computer accessible to TCEQ (Texas Commission on Environmental Quality) and to the public. In this study, data from each ceilometer was used to produce scatter plots. These scatter plots were analyzed to obtain the PBL heights …

Co2-Dependent Nanoscale Organization In Bulk And Interfacial Carbon Dioxide Capture Liquids Elucidated Using X-Ray Scattering, Daniel Eduardo Moran

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The pressing need to control carbon dioxide emissions has propelled extensive research efforts employing a variety of approaches across the globe. In flue-gas recovery of CO2, the water-lean amine-based solvent N-(2-ethoxyethyl)-3-morpholinopropan-1-amine (2-EEMPA), has shown exceptional performance. Recent studies show that 2-EEMPA exhibits intermediate-range order (IRO), beyond the first nearest neighbor length scale, consisting of tetrameric clusters. In view of the need to find solutions for direct air capture (DAC) of CO2, this system may represent a critical linkage in a DAC strategy, yet structural insights on EEMPA's behavior at solid surfaces are still lacking. To this end, we applied the …

Biomolecular Function From Structural Snapshots, Roshanak Etemadpour

Theses and Dissertations

Biological molecules can assume a continuous range of conformations during function. Near equilibrium, the Boltzmann relation connects a particular conformation's free energy to the conformation's occupation probability, thus giving rise to one or more energy landscapes. Biomolecular function proceeds along minimum-energy pathways on such landscapes. Consequently, a comprehensive understanding of biomolecular function often involves the determination of the free-energy landscapes and the identification of functionally relevant minimum-energy conformational paths on these landscapes. Specific techniques are necessary to determine continuous conformational spectra and identify functionally relevant conformational trajectories from a collection of raw single-particle snapshots from, e.g. cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) …

Wavelet Compression As An Observational Operator In Data Assimilation Systems For Sea Surface Temperature, Bradley J. Sciacca

University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations

The ocean remains severely under-observed, in part due to its sheer size. Containing nearly billion of water with most of the subsurface being invisible because water is extremely difficult to penetrate using electromagnetic radiation, as is typically used by satellite measuring instruments. For this reason, most observations of the ocean have very low spatial-temporal coverage to get a broad capture of the ocean’s features. However, recent “dense but patchy” data have increased the availability of high-resolution – low spatial coverage observations. These novel data sets have motivated research into multi-scale data assimilation methods. Here, we demonstrate a new assimilation approach …

Neutrino Self-Interactions: A White Paper, Jeffrey M. Berryman, Nikita Blinov, Vedran Brdar, Thejs Brinckmann, Mauricio Bustamante, Francis-Yan Cyr-Racine, Anirban Das, André De Gouvêa, Peter B. Denton, P.S. Bhupal Dev, Bhaskar Dutta, Ivan Esteban, Damiano Fiorillo, Martina Gerbino, Subhajit Ghosh, Tathagata Ghosh, Evan Grohs, Tao Han, Steen Hannestad, Matheus Hostert, Patrick Huber, Jeffrey Hyde, Kevin J. Kelly, Felix Kling, Zhen Liu, Massimiliano Lattanzi, Marilena Loverde, Sujata Pandey, Ninetta Saviano, Manibrata Sen, Ian M. Shoemaker, Walter Tangarife, Yongchao Zhang, Yue Zhang

Physics: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Neutrinos are the Standard Model (SM) particles which we understand the least, often due to how weakly they interact with the other SM particles. Beyond this, very little is known about interactions among the neutrinos, i.e., their self-interactions. The SM predicts neutrino self-interactions at a level beyond any current experimental capabilities, leaving open the possibility for beyond-the-SM interactions across many energy scales. In this white paper, we review the current knowledge of neutrino self-interactions from a vast array of probes, from cosmology, to astrophysics, to the laboratory. We also discuss theoretical motivations for such self-interactions, including neutrino masses and possible …

Short Range Correlation Measurements In The Quasielastic Region With An 11 Gev Beam, Casey Morean

Doctoral Dissertations

Electron scattering is a significant means of studying internal high momentum
nucleon and quark distributions in nuclei. Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator
Facility (JLab) with its 11GeV beam is capable of studying high momentum nucleons
with unmatched precision. The role of short range nucleon configurations and
quark distributions is significant for understanding the dynamics of nuclei and their
underlying components. Scattering cross section measurements in the kinematic
regime x > 1, where the free nucleon is forbidden, are sensitive to high momentum
nucleons, which are believed to come from short range correlations (SRCs). SRCs are
strongly interacting, high momentum nucleons with a …

Radiation Exposure Calibration Of The Al2o3:C With Radium-226 And Cesium-137 Using The Osl Method, Selma Tepeli Aydin

All Theses

Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimetry was utilized to calibrate Al₂O₃:C powder dosimeters, available commercially as the nanoDot® from Landauer Inc., and compare the dosimeter response to radium-226 (²²⁶Ra) and cesium-137 (¹³⁷Cs). The signal from the OSL was quantified using a microSTARii^® OSL reader also produced by Landauer Inc. Dose-response curves were developed for ²²⁶Ra and ¹³⁷Cs experiments (5 dosimeters each) at thirteen absorbed doses. Individual dosimeter response was tracked by serial number. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine if there were significant differences between the intercepts of the …