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Articles 1 - 30 of 96
Full-Text Articles in Physics
Surface Treatments' Effects On The Capacitor's Dielectric Performance Under Electro-Thermal Stresses, Haider. M. Umran, Feipeng Wang
Surface Treatments' Effects On The Capacitor's Dielectric Performance Under Electro-Thermal Stresses, Haider. M. Umran, Feipeng Wang
Karbala International Journal of Modern Science
Biaxial-oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films are characterized by unfavorable aging behavior because of their poor susceptibility to high temperatures, humidity, and high electric fields. This makes them unqualified to withstand harsh operating conditions, such as in capacitor applications. This study investigates the impact of annealing BOPP samples at 100 °C for five hours after fluorination at different times (15, 30, and 60 minutes) on their electrical and mechanical performance under electro-thermal stresses. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images confirm that there is an increase in surface roughness and the formation of a dense layer of fluorine-containing groups monotonically with fluorination time. So, …
Optics Studies For Multipass Energy Recovery At Cebaf: Er@Cebaf, Isurumali Neththikumara
Optics Studies For Multipass Energy Recovery At Cebaf: Er@Cebaf, Isurumali Neththikumara
Physics Theses & Dissertations
Energy recovery linacs (ERLs), focus on recycling the kinetic energy of electron beam for the purpose of accelerating a newly injected beam within the same accelerating structure. The rising developments in the super conducting radio frequency technology, ERL technology has achieved several noteworthy milestones over the past few decades. In year 2003, Jefferson Lab has successfully demonstrated a single pass energy recovery at the CEBAF accelerator. Furthermore, they conducted successful experiments with IR-FEL demo and upgrades, as well as the UV FEL driver. This multi-pass, multi-GeV range energy recovery demonstration proposed to be carried out at CEBAF accelerator at Jefferson …
Nuclear Power Plant In Las Vegas, Ryan W. Murray
Nuclear Power Plant In Las Vegas, Ryan W. Murray
Undergraduate Research Symposium Posters
This research focuses on the impact of a “Nuclear Power Plant in Las Vegas” or ‘NPP in LV’ for short. Nuclear power is clean, has no greenhouse gas emissions, and has a moderate cost of kilowatt hours. Las Vegas, or more specifically Clark County uses Gas power plants to produce a majority of their electricity. My project will show what a nuclear plant could do if built in the city of Las Vegas. What is a Nuclear power plant? The EIA’s definition is “A nuclear power plant uses the heat that a nuclear reactor produces to turn water into steam, …
Developing Positive Thermal Coefficient (Ptc) Heaters For Solar Electric Cooking, Katarina Ivana Brekalo, Andrew Shepherd
Developing Positive Thermal Coefficient (Ptc) Heaters For Solar Electric Cooking, Katarina Ivana Brekalo, Andrew Shepherd
Physics
Positive Thermal Coefficients, PTCs, are materials that abruptly change in resistance in response to changes in temperature. The purpose of this experiment is to explore the viability of using the switching type ceramic PTC thermistor as a replacement for current resistive heaters. These types of PTCs have a nonlinear change in resistance with increases in temperature. This device will be used as a temperature-controlling heating element intended to power an Insulated Solar Electric Cooker (ISEC). The ISEC is designed to cook meals throughout the day for impacted communities as an alternative cooking method that doesn’t require biofuel as an energy …
Developing A Miniature Smart Boat For Marine Research, Michael Isaac Eirinberg
Developing A Miniature Smart Boat For Marine Research, Michael Isaac Eirinberg
Computer Engineering
This project examines the development of a smart boat which could serve as a possible marine research apparatus. The smart boat consists of a miniature vessel containing a low-cost microcontroller to live stream a camera feed, GPS telemetry, and compass data through its own WiFi access point. The smart boat also has the potential for autonomous navigation. My project captivated the interest of several members of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo’s (Cal Poly SLO) Marine Science Department faculty, who proposed a variety of fascinating and valuable smart boat applications.
Grand Challenges In Low Temperature Plasmas, Xinpei Lu, Peter J. Bruggeman, Stephan Reuter, George Naidis, Annemie Bogaerts, Mounir Laroussi, Michael Keidar, Eric Robert, Jean-Michel Pouvesle, Dawei Liu, Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov
Grand Challenges In Low Temperature Plasmas, Xinpei Lu, Peter J. Bruggeman, Stephan Reuter, George Naidis, Annemie Bogaerts, Mounir Laroussi, Michael Keidar, Eric Robert, Jean-Michel Pouvesle, Dawei Liu, Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov
Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications
Low temperature plasmas (LTPs) enable to create a highly reactive environment at near ambient temperatures due to the energetic electrons with typical kinetic energies in the range of 1 to 10 eV (1 eV = 11600K), which are being used in applications ranging from plasma etching of electronic chips and additive manufacturing to plasma-assisted combustion. LTPs are at the core of many advanced technologies. Without LTPs, many of the conveniences of modern society would simply not exist. New applications of LTPs are continuously being proposed. Researchers are facing many grand challenges before these new applications can be translated to practice. …
Experimental And Computational Studies Of Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes For Use In Energy Storage Devices And Membranes, Emine S. Karaman
Experimental And Computational Studies Of Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes For Use In Energy Storage Devices And Membranes, Emine S. Karaman
Dissertations
Electrolytes with good interfacial stability are a crucial component of any electrochemical device. The development of novel gel polymer electrolytes (GEs) with good interface stability and better manufacturability is important for the development of the next generation electrochemical devices. Gel electrolytes are hybrid electrolyte materials, combining benefits of both liquid and solid systems. Compared with liquid and solid electrolytes, GEs open new design opportunities and do not require rigorous encapsulation methods. In this dissertation, studies on functionalized carbon nanotubes (fCNTs) and graphene oxide (GO) doped polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based gel electrolytes (GEs) are reported. The ionic conductivity and mechanical strength …
Memory Module Design For High-Temperature Applications In Sic Cmos Technology, Affan Abbasi
Memory Module Design For High-Temperature Applications In Sic Cmos Technology, Affan Abbasi
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The wide bandgap (WBG) characteristics of SiC play a significant and disruptive role in the power electronics industry. The same characteristics make this material a viable choice for high-temperature electronics systems. Leveraging the high-temperature capability of SiC is crucial to automotive, space exploration, aerospace, deep well drilling, and gas turbines. A significant issue with the high-temperature operation is the exponential increase in leakage current. The lower intrinsic carrier concentration of SiC (10-9 cm-3) compared to Si (1010 cm-3) leads to lower leakage over temperature. Several researchers have demonstrated analog and digital circuits designed in SiC. However, a memory module is …
Design Of Smart Trashcan, Haoran Song
Design Of Smart Trashcan, Haoran Song
Senior Theses
A smart trashcan has been designed which can bring convenience to people for throwing their garbage away during the COVID-19 pandemic. A prototype is made from cardboard to demonstrate its function. This trashcan can sense people who are coming and leaving, and it can open and close automatically. The trashcan is powered by solar energy. A solar panel is mounted on top of the trashcan supporter. This design is specifically for use in China.
Transient Behavior Of Drift And Ionization In Atmospheric Pressure Nitrogen Discharge, S. K. Dhali
Transient Behavior Of Drift And Ionization In Atmospheric Pressure Nitrogen Discharge, S. K. Dhali
Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications
The fluid models are frequently used to describe a non-thermal plasma such as a streamer discharge. The required electron transport data and rate coefficients for the fluid model are parametrized using the local field approximation (LFA) in first order models and the local-mean-energy approximation (LMEA) in second order models. We performed Monte Carlo simulations in Nitrogen gas with step changes in the E/N (reduced electric field) to study the behavior of the transport properties in the transient phase. During the transient phase of the simulation, we extract the instantaneous electron mean energy, which is different from the steady state mean …
High Voltage Design And Evaluation Of Wien Filters For The Cebaf 200 Kev Injector Upgrade, Gabriel Palacios-Serrano, Helmut Baumgart, C. Hernández-García, P. Adderley, J. Benesch, D. Bullard, J. Grames, A. Hofler, D. Machie, M. Poelker, M. Stutzman, R. Suleiman
High Voltage Design And Evaluation Of Wien Filters For The Cebaf 200 Kev Injector Upgrade, Gabriel Palacios-Serrano, Helmut Baumgart, C. Hernández-García, P. Adderley, J. Benesch, D. Bullard, J. Grames, A. Hofler, D. Machie, M. Poelker, M. Stutzman, R. Suleiman
Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications
High-energy nuclear physics experiments at the Jefferson Lab Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) require highly spin-polarization electron beams, produced from strained super-lattice GaAs photocathodes, activated to negative electron affinity in a photogun operating at 130 kV dc. A pair of Wien filter spin rotators in the injector defines the orientation of the electron beam polarization at the end station target. An upgrade of the CEBAF injector to better support the upcoming MOLLER experiment requires increasing the electron beam energy to 200 keV, to reduce unwanted helicity correlated intensity and position systematics and provide precise control of the polarization orientation. …
An Investigation Of Diode Failure, Nicholas James Adams
An Investigation Of Diode Failure, Nicholas James Adams
Physics
Solar electricity can be used to cheaply cook food and charge electronic devices. We investigate the viability of using diodes as heating elements for insulated solar electric cooking (ISEC). In addition, information on designing and constructing ISEC compatible phone chargers and rechargeable LED lighting systems is included.
Optimizing Llrf Parameters In The Electron-Ion Collider, William M. Bjorndahl
Optimizing Llrf Parameters In The Electron-Ion Collider, William M. Bjorndahl
Physics
To improve particle interaction in the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), we investigated different feedback implementations to control the accelerating voltage and examined the power and beam phase for each instance. Using MATLAB, we studied three feedback mechanisms: Direct, One Turn, and Feedforward. Enacting feedforward yielded the best performance. To minimize the klystron power consumption, we analyzed different Low-Level Radio Frequency (LLRF) parameters such as detuning. Combining theory and simulated results, we found the optimal detuning value that minimizes klystron power consumption.
Dual-Axis Solar Tracker, Bryan Kennedy
Dual-Axis Solar Tracker, Bryan Kennedy
All Undergraduate Projects
Renewable energies, and fuels that are not fossil fuel-based, are one of the prolific topics of debate in modern society. With climate change now becoming a primary focus for scientists and innovators of today, one of the areas for the largest amount of potential and growth is that of the capturing and utilization of Solar Energy. This method involves using a mechanical system to track the progression of the sun as it traverses the sky throughout the day. A dual-axis solar tracker such as the one designed and built for this project, can follow the sun both azimuthally and in …
Function And Dissipation In Finite State Automata - From Computing To Intelligence And Back, Natesh Ganesh
Function And Dissipation In Finite State Automata - From Computing To Intelligence And Back, Natesh Ganesh
Doctoral Dissertations
Society has benefited from the technological revolution and the tremendous growth in computing powered by Moore's law. However, we are fast approaching the ultimate physical limits in terms of both device sizes and the associated energy dissipation. It is important to characterize these limits in a physically grounded and implementation-agnostic manner, in order to capture the fundamental energy dissipation costs associated with performing computing operations with classical information in nano-scale quantum systems. It is also necessary to identify and understand the effect of quantum in-distinguishability, noise, and device variability on these dissipation limits. Identifying these parameters is crucial to designing …
Symmetry And Dopant Diffusion In Inverted Nanopyramid Arrays For Thin Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells, Seok Jun Han
Symmetry And Dopant Diffusion In Inverted Nanopyramid Arrays For Thin Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells, Seok Jun Han
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
In this dissertation, we enhance the efficiency of thin flexible monocrystalline silicon solar cells by breaking symmetry in light trapping nanostructures and improving homogeneity in dopant concentration profile. These thin cells are potentially less expensive than conventional thick silicon cells by using less silicon material and making the cells more convenient to be handled when supported on polymer films. Moreover, these cells are widely applicable due to their flexibility and lightweight. However, for high efficiencies, these cells require effective light trapping and charge collection. We achieve these in cells based on 14-mm-thick free-standing silicon films with light-trapping arrays of nanopyramidal …
Exploring The Electrical Properties Of Twisted Bilayer Graphene, William Shannon
Exploring The Electrical Properties Of Twisted Bilayer Graphene, William Shannon
Senior Theses
Two-dimensional materials exhibit properties unlike anything else seen in conventional substances. Electrons in these materials are confined to move only in the plane. In order to explore the effects of these materials, we have built apparatus and refined procedures with which to create two-dimensional structures. Two-dimensional devices have been made using exfoliated graphene and placed on gold contacts. Their topography has been observed using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) confirming samples with monolayer, bilayer, and twisted bilayer structure. Relative work functions of each have been measured using Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) showing that twisted bilayer graphene has a surface potential …
Manufacturing And Testing The Permanent Magnet Linear Motor, Renjie Kang
Manufacturing And Testing The Permanent Magnet Linear Motor, Renjie Kang
Senior Theses
Controlled mechanical motion is vital in many useful applications in technology. Among them, linear motors have advantages over traditional rotating motors. In this work, we built a permanent magnet linear motor to test and measure its energy efficiency. A maximum 29% total energy efficiency, and 67% energy transfer rate, were detected. In addition, a C-shape support structure was added to the moving part in order to increase the moving accuracy. The tests show that, with the support structure, the fluctuation in the vertical direction decreases significantly, but the friction of the system slightly increases.
Application Of Silicon Nanohair Textured P-N Junctions In A Photovoltaic Device, Michael Small
Application Of Silicon Nanohair Textured P-N Junctions In A Photovoltaic Device, Michael Small
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The goal of this project is to design and develop a fabrication process for a silicon photovoltaic device which incorporates a nanohair textured p-n junction. The silicon nanowires are etched into a silicon wafer, comprising an epitaxial p-layer on n-substrate, via metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE). The resulting nanowires contain p-n junctions that lie along the length of the vertical nanowires. This construct has the potential to increase the optical bandwidth of a silicon photovoltaic device by allowing a greater amount of short wavelength light to reach the junction. In addition, the MACE method of nanofabrication has the potential for decreasing …
Interface Model Of Pem Fuel Cell Membrane Steady-Dtate Behavior, Russell L. Edwards, Ayodeji Demuren
Interface Model Of Pem Fuel Cell Membrane Steady-Dtate Behavior, Russell L. Edwards, Ayodeji Demuren
Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications
Modeling works which simulate the proton-exchange membrane fuel cell with the computational fluid dynamics approach involve the simultaneous solution of multiple, interconnected physics equations for fluid flows, heat transport, electrochemical reactions, and both protonic and electronic conduction. Modeling efforts vary by how they treat the physics within and adjacent to the membrane-electrode assembly (MEA). Certain approaches treat the MEA not as part of the computational domain, but rather an interface connecting the anode and cathode computational domains. These approaches may lack the ability to consistently model catalyst layer losses and MEA ohmic resistance. This work presents an upgraded interface formulation …
Investigation Of The Skin Effect In Alternating Currents, Matthew Liang
Investigation Of The Skin Effect In Alternating Currents, Matthew Liang
The International Student Science Fair 2018
My research is on the investigation of the skin effect in alternating currents. The skin effect is when an alternating current tends to flow on the surface of the conductor, such that the current density is highest near the surface, and decreases with greater depths in the conductor. This is due to the alternating current inducing changing magnetic fields, which in turn induces currents that oppose the original flow of current, resisting the current flowing through the centre the most. This reduces the effective cross-sectional area of the conductor and increases the resistance, causing increased power losses. This effect becomes …
Investigation Of The Skin Effect In Alternating Currents, Matthew Liang
Investigation Of The Skin Effect In Alternating Currents, Matthew Liang
The International Student Science Fair 2018
My research is on the investigation of the skin effect in alternating currents. My project is broken down into 4 sub-aims. The first aim would be, to be able to mathematically model the distribution of current in the radius of the wire, which consists of the applications of the Maxwell equation and solving zeroth order differential Bessel equations of the first kind. The next aim would be to computationally plot out the desired current readings as the depth of the wire increases from the surface, using the Matlab software. The third aim that I have would be conducting an experiment, …
Energy Conversion System For Travelers (Ecost), Thipok Bovornratanaraks
Energy Conversion System For Travelers (Ecost), Thipok Bovornratanaraks
The International Student Science Fair 2018
We have innovated “The Energy Conversion System for Travelers” or the ECoST. With the fact that most travelers have wheeled cabin-bags, whilst walking, the wheels will rotate so why don’t we harvest electricity from this kinetic energy? We thus install our innovation, the ECoST, to the bag to generate electricity from the spinning wheels. The electricity is then kept in the storage unit and ready to charge your empty battery devices in an emergency case via a USB port. To make life easy, our ECoST was designed to replicate the power bank charging method; therefore, we can charge …
A Human Powered Micro-Generator For Charging Electronic Devices, John Adam
A Human Powered Micro-Generator For Charging Electronic Devices, John Adam
Senior Theses
A hand-pulled generator has been designed and tested. A preliminary result has been obtained and discussed. This device was created to provide outlet-free charging. Electronic devices are useful when going out into the wilderness. A portable power supply is necessary to keep an electronic device alive. This project created a device that converts human energy into electricity to charge electronic devices. This thesis overviews the device’s design, build, and tests. Two different tests were run to determine that the device is capable of charging the storage battery. The device presented can provide 14 minutes of charging time with one hour …
Increasing The Longevity Of Tungsten Filaments In A Zone Refiner, Byron D. Greenlee
Increasing The Longevity Of Tungsten Filaments In A Zone Refiner, Byron D. Greenlee
Senior Theses
Zone refining is used for its ability to purify material and grow single crystals. To produce these single crystals, a suspended molten zone, generated by electron bombardment, passes along the polycrystalline stock. During a zone refining run, the filaments that produce the electron bombardment can fail. In this project, the longevity of tungsten filaments in a zone refiner was investigated. A new bombardment geometry was constructed to attempt to increase the longevity of the filaments. The new geometry had a shield machined into it to prevent line-of-sight impurities originating in the molten zone from striking the filaments. It was found …
Measuring The Double Layer Capacitance Of Electrolytes With Varied Concentrations, Geoffrey Rath
Measuring The Double Layer Capacitance Of Electrolytes With Varied Concentrations, Geoffrey Rath
Senior Theses
When electric potentials are applied from an electrolytic fluid to a metal, a double layer capacitor, Cdl, develops at the interface. The layer directly at the interface is called the Stern layer and has a thickness equal to roughly the size of the ions in the fluid. The next layer, the diffuse layer, arises from the gathering of like charges in the Stern layer. This layer is the distance needed for ionic charges to return to equilibrium. This distance, called the Debye length, λ, depends on the square root of the electrolyte concentration. To study the properties of …
Measuring The Double Layer Capacitance Of Electrolyte Solutions Using A Graphene Field Effect Transistor, Agatha Ulibarri
Measuring The Double Layer Capacitance Of Electrolyte Solutions Using A Graphene Field Effect Transistor, Agatha Ulibarri
Senior Theses
When operating graphene field effect transistors (GFETs) in fluid, a double layer capacitance (Cdl) is formed at the surface. In the literature, the Cdl is estimated using values obtained using metal electrode experiments. Due to the distinctive electronic and surface properties of graphene, there is reason to believe these estimates are inadequate. This work seeks to directly characterize the double layer capacitance of a GFET. A unique method for determining the Cdl has been implemented, and data has been obtained for three electrolytes and one ionic fluid. The results yield dramatically lower Cdl values than …
The 3d Stress-Tensor Bootstrap, Anatoly Dymarsky, Filip Kos, Petr Kravchuk, David Poland, David Simmons-Duffin
The 3d Stress-Tensor Bootstrap, Anatoly Dymarsky, Filip Kos, Petr Kravchuk, David Poland, David Simmons-Duffin
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications
We study the conformal bootstrap for 4-point functions of stress tensors in parity-preserving 3d CFTs. To set up the bootstrap equations, we analyze the constraints of conformal symmetry, permutation symmetry, and conservation on the stress-tensor 4-point function and identify a non-redundant set of crossing equations. Studying these equations numerically using semidefinite optimization, we compute bounds on the central charge as a function of the independent coefficient in the stress-tensor 3-point function. With no additional assumptions, these bounds numerically reproduce the conformal collider bounds and give a general lower bound on the central charge. We also study the effect of gaps …
Three Dimensional View Of Arbitrary Q Syk Models, Sumit R. Das, Aminik Ghosh, Antal Jevicki, Kenta Suzuki
Three Dimensional View Of Arbitrary Q Syk Models, Sumit R. Das, Aminik Ghosh, Antal Jevicki, Kenta Suzuki
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications
In [15] it was shown that the spectrum and bilocal propagator of SYK model with four fermion interactions can be realized as a three dimensional model in AdS2 ×S1/Z2 with nontrivial boundary conditions in the additional dimension. In this paper we show that a similar picture holds for generalizations of the SYK model with q-fermion interactions. The 3D realization is now given on a space whose metric is conformal to AdS2 × S1/Z2 and is subject to a non-trivial potential in addition to a delta function at the center of …
Universality Of Fast Quenches From The Conformal Perturbation Theory, Anatoly Dymarsky, Michael Smolkin
Universality Of Fast Quenches From The Conformal Perturbation Theory, Anatoly Dymarsky, Michael Smolkin
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications
We consider global quantum quenches, a protocol when a continuous field theoretic system in the ground state is driven by a homogeneous time-dependent external interaction. When the typical inverse time scale of the interaction is much larger than all relevant scales except for the UV-cutoff the system’s response exhibits universal scaling behavior. We provide both qualitative and quantitative explanations of this universality and argue that physics of the response during and shortly after the quench is governed by the conformal perturbation theory around the UV fixed point. We proceed to calculate the response of one and two-point correlation functions confirming …