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Articles 31 - 60 of 322

Full-Text Articles in Physics

A Super Fast Algorithm For Estimating Sample Entropy, Weifeng Liu, Ying Jiang, Yuesheng Xu Apr 2022

A Super Fast Algorithm For Estimating Sample Entropy, Weifeng Liu, Ying Jiang, Yuesheng Xu

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

: Sample entropy, an approximation of the Kolmogorov entropy, was proposed to characterize complexity of a time series, which is essentially defined as − log(B/A), where B denotes the number of matched template pairs with length m and A denotes the number of matched template pairs with m + 1, for a predetermined positive integer m. It has been widely used to analyze physiological signals. As computing sample entropy is time consuming, the box-assisted, bucket-assisted, x-sort, assisted sliding box, and kd-tree-based algorithms were proposed to accelerate its computation. These algorithms require O(N2) or …

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Why Ideas First Appear In Informal Form? Why It Is Very Difficult To Know Yourself? Fuzzy-Based Explanation, Miroslav Svitek, Vladik Kreinovich Feb 2022

Why Ideas First Appear In Informal Form? Why It Is Very Difficult To Know Yourself? Fuzzy-Based Explanation, Miroslav Svitek, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

To a lay person reading about history of physics, it may sound as if the progress of physics comes from geniuses whose inspiration leads them to precise equations that -- almost magically -- explain all the data: this is what Newton did with mechanics, this is what Schroedinger did with quantum physics, this is what Einstein did with gravitation. However, a deeper study of history of physics shows that in all these cases, these geniuses did not start from scratch -- they formalized ideas that first appeared in imprecise ("fuzzy") form. In this paper, we explain -- on the qualitative …

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A New Geometric Structure On Tangent Bundles, Nikos Georgiou, Brendan Guilfoyle Feb 2022

A New Geometric Structure On Tangent Bundles, Nikos Georgiou, Brendan Guilfoyle

Publications

For a Riemannian manifold (N, g), we construct a scalar flat neutral metric G on the tangent bundle TN. The metric is locally conformally flat if and only if either N is a 2- dimensional manifold or (N, g) is a real space form. It is also shown that G is locally symmetric if and only if g is locally symmetric. We then study submanifolds in TN and, in particular, find the conditions for a curve to be geodesic. The conditions for a Lagrangian graph in the tangent bundle TN to have parallel mean curvature …

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Can Physics Attain Its Goals: Extending D'Agostino's Analysis To 21st Century And Beyond, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich Jan 2022

Can Physics Attain Its Goals: Extending D'Agostino's Analysis To 21st Century And Beyond, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

In his 2000 seminal book, Silvo D'Agostino provided the detailed overview of the history of ideas underlying 19th and 20th century physics. Now that we are two decades into the 21st century, a natural question is: how can we extend his analysis to the 21st century physics -- and, if possible, beyond, to try to predict how physics will change? To perform this analysis, we go beyond an analysis of what happened and focus more on why para-digm changes happened in the history of physics. To better understand these paradigm changes, we analyze now only what were the main ideas …

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Collected Papers (On Physics, Artificial Intelligence, Health Issues, Decision Making, Economics, Statistics), Volume Xi, Florentin Smarandache Jan 2022

Collected Papers (On Physics, Artificial Intelligence, Health Issues, Decision Making, Economics, Statistics), Volume Xi, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

This eleventh volume of Collected Papers includes 90 papers comprising 988 pages on Physics, Artificial Intelligence, Health Issues, Decision Making, Economics, Statistics, written between 2001-2022 by the author alone or in collaboration with 84 co-authors from 19 countries.

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Rock Paintings: Solutions For Fermi Questions, September 2022, John Adam Jan 2022

Rock Paintings: Solutions For Fermi Questions, September 2022, John Adam

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Extractable Entanglement From A Euclidean Hourglass, Takanori Anegawa, Norihiro Iizuka, Daniel Kabat Jan 2022

Extractable Entanglement From A Euclidean Hourglass, Takanori Anegawa, Norihiro Iizuka, Daniel Kabat

Publications and Research

We previously proposed that entanglement across a planar surface can be obtained from the partition function on a Euclidean hourglass geometry. Here we extend the prescription to spherical entangling surfaces in conformal field theory. We use the prescription to evaluate log terms in the entropy of a conformal field theory in two dimensions, a conformally coupled scalar in four dimensions, and a Maxwell field in four dimensions. For Maxwell we reproduce the extractable entropy obtained by Soni and Trivedi. We take this as evidence that the hourglass prescription provides a Euclidean technique for evaluating extractable entropy in quantum field theory.

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Recent Analytic Development Of The Dynamic Q-Tensor Theory For Nematic Liquid Crystals, Xiang Xu Jan 2022

Recent Analytic Development Of The Dynamic Q-Tensor Theory For Nematic Liquid Crystals, Xiang Xu

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

Liquid crystals are a typical type of soft matter that are intermediate between conventional crystalline solids and isotropic fluids. The nematic phase is the simplest liquid crystal phase, and has been studied the most in the mathematical community. There are various continuum models to describe liquid crystals of nematic type, and Q-tensor theory is one among them. The aim of this paper is to give a brief review of recent PDE results regarding the Q-tensor theory in dynamic configurations.

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Reduced-Order Dynamic Modeling And Robust Nonlinear Control Of Fluid Flow Velocity Fields, Anu Kossery Jayaprakash, William Mackunis, Vladimir Golubev, Oksana Stalnov Dec 2021

Reduced-Order Dynamic Modeling And Robust Nonlinear Control Of Fluid Flow Velocity Fields, Anu Kossery Jayaprakash, William Mackunis, Vladimir Golubev, Oksana Stalnov

Publications

A robust nonlinear control method is developed for fluid flow velocity tracking, which formally addresses the inherent challenges in practical implementation of closed-loop active flow control systems. A key challenge being addressed here is flow control design to compensate for model parameter variations that can arise from actuator perturbations. The control design is based on a detailed reduced-order model of the actuated flow dynamics, which is rigorously derived to incorporate the inherent time-varying uncertainty in the both the model parameters and the actuator dynamics. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first robust nonlinear closed-loop active flow …

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Computer Program Simulation Of A Quantum Turing Machine With Circuit Model, Shixin Wu Dec 2021

Computer Program Simulation Of A Quantum Turing Machine With Circuit Model, Shixin Wu

Mathematical Sciences Technical Reports (MSTR)

Molina and Watrous present a variation of the method to simulate a quantum Turing machine employed in Yao’s 1995 publication “Quantum Circuit Complexity”. We use a computer program to implement their method with linear algebra and an additional unitary operator defined to complete the details. Their method is verified to be correct on a quantum Turing machine.

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Freedom Of Will, Physics, And Human Intelligence: An Idea, Miroslav Svitek, Vladik Kreinovich, Nguyen Hoang Phuong Sep 2021

Freedom Of Will, Physics, And Human Intelligence: An Idea, Miroslav Svitek, Vladik Kreinovich, Nguyen Hoang Phuong

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Among the main fundamental challenges related to physics and human intelligence are: How can we reconcile the free will with the deterministic character of physical equations? What is the physical meaning of extra spatial dimensions needed to make quantum physics consistent? and Why are we often smarter than brain-simulating neural networks? In this paper, we show that while each of these challenges is difficult to resolve on its own, it may be possible to resolve all three of them if we consider them together. The proposed possible solution is that human reasoning uses the extra spatial dimensions. This may sound …

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Awegnn: Auto-Parametrized Weighted Element-Specific Graph Neural Networks For Molecules., Timothy Szocinski, Duc Duy Nguyen, Guo-Wei Wei Jul 2021

Awegnn: Auto-Parametrized Weighted Element-Specific Graph Neural Networks For Molecules., Timothy Szocinski, Duc Duy Nguyen, Guo-Wei Wei

Mathematics Faculty Publications

While automated feature extraction has had tremendous success in many deep learning algorithms for image analysis and natural language processing, it does not work well for data involving complex internal structures, such as molecules. Data representations via advanced mathematics, including algebraic topology, differential geometry, and graph theory, have demonstrated superiority in a variety of biomolecular applications, however, their performance is often dependent on manual parametrization. This work introduces the auto-parametrized weighted element-specific graph neural network, dubbed AweGNN, to overcome the obstacle of this tedious parametrization process while also being a suitable technique for automated feature extraction on these internally complex …

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Estimating Turbulence Distribution Over A Heterogeneous Path Using Time‐Lapse Imagery From Dual Cameras, Benjamin Wilson, Santasri Bose-Pillai, Jack E. Mccrae, Kevin J. Keefer, Steven T. Fiorino Jul 2021

Estimating Turbulence Distribution Over A Heterogeneous Path Using Time‐Lapse Imagery From Dual Cameras, Benjamin Wilson, Santasri Bose-Pillai, Jack E. Mccrae, Kevin J. Keefer, Steven T. Fiorino

Faculty Publications

Knowledge of turbulence distribution along an experimental path can help in effective turbulence compensation and mitigation. Although scintillometers are traditionally used to measure the strength of turbulence, they provide a path-integrated measurement and have limited operational ranges. A technique to profile turbulence using time-lapse imagery of a distant target from spatially separated cameras is presented here. The method uses the turbulence induced differential motion between pairs of point features on a target, sensed at a single camera and between cameras to extract turbulence distribution along the path. The method is successfully demonstrated on a 511 m almost horizontal path going …

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Knot Theory In Virtual Reality, Donald Lee Price Jul 2021

Knot Theory In Virtual Reality, Donald Lee Price

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Throughout the study of Knot Theory, there have been several programmatic solutions to common problems or questions. These solutions have included software to draw knots, software to identify knots, or online databases to look up pre-computed data about knots. We introduce a novel prototype of software used to study knots and links by using Virtual Reality. This software can allow researchers to draw links in 3D, run physics simulations on them, and identify them. This technique has not yet been rigorously explored and we believe it will be of great interest to Knot Theory researchers. The computer code is written …

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A New Method To Generate Superoscillating Functions And Supershifts, Yakir Aharonov, Fabrizio Colombo, Irene Sabadini, Tomer Shushi, Daniele C. Struppa, Jeff Tollaksen May 2021

A New Method To Generate Superoscillating Functions And Supershifts, Yakir Aharonov, Fabrizio Colombo, Irene Sabadini, Tomer Shushi, Daniele C. Struppa, Jeff Tollaksen

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Superoscillations are band-limited functions that can oscillate faster than their fastest Fourier component. These functions (or sequences) appear in weak values in quantum mechanics and in many fields of science and technology such as optics, signal processing and antenna theory. In this paper, we introduce a new method to generate superoscillatory functions that allows us to construct explicitly a very large class of superoscillatory functions.

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Fuzzy Techniques, Laplace Indeterminacy Principle, And Maximum Entropy Approach Explain Lindy Effect And Help Avoid Meaningless Infinities In Physics, Julio C. Urenda, Sean R. Aguilar, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich May 2021

Fuzzy Techniques, Laplace Indeterminacy Principle, And Maximum Entropy Approach Explain Lindy Effect And Help Avoid Meaningless Infinities In Physics, Julio C. Urenda, Sean R. Aguilar, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

In many real-life situations, the only information that we have about some quantity S is a lower bound T ≤ S. In such a situation, what is a reasonable estimate for S? For example, we know that a company has survived for T years, and based on this information, we want to predict for how long it will continue surviving. At first glance, this is a type of a problem to which we can apply the usual fuzzy methodology -- but unfortunately, a straightforward use of this methodology leads to a counter-intuitive infinite estimate for S. There is an empirical …

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Is Our World Becoming Less Quantum?, Lidice Castro, Vladik Kreinovich May 2021

Is Our World Becoming Less Quantum?, Lidice Castro, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

According to the general idea of quantization, all physical dependencies are only approximately deterministic, and all physical "constants" are actually varying. A natural conclusion -- that some physicists made -- is that Planck's constant (that determines the magnitude of quantum effects) can also vary. In this paper, we use another general physics idea -- the second law of thermodynamics -- to conclude that with time, this constant can only decrease. Thus, with time (we are talking cosmological scales, of course), our world is becoming less quantum.

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Semiclassical Backreaction On Asymptotically Anti–De Sitter Black Holes, Peter Taylor, Cormac Breen Jan 2021

Semiclassical Backreaction On Asymptotically Anti–De Sitter Black Holes, Peter Taylor, Cormac Breen

Articles

We consider a quantum scalar field on the classical background of an asymptotically anti–de Sitter black hole and the backreaction the field’s stress-energy tensor induces on the black hole geometry. The backreaction is computed by solving the reduced-order semiclassical Einstein field equations sourced by simple analytical approximations for the renormalized expectation value of the scalar field stress-energy tensor. When the field is massless and conformally coupled, we adopt Page’s approximation to the renormalized stress-energy tensor, while for massive fields we adopt a modified version of the DeWitt-Schwinger approximation. The latter approximation must be modified so that it possesses the correct …

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Evolutionary Dynamics Of Bertrand Duopoly, Julian Killingback, Timothy Killingback Jan 2021

Evolutionary Dynamics Of Bertrand Duopoly, Julian Killingback, Timothy Killingback

Computer Science Department Faculty Publication Series

Duopolies are one of the simplest economic situations where interactions between firms determine market behavior. The standard model of a price-setting duopoly is the Bertrand model, which has the unique solution that both firms set their prices equal to their costs-a paradoxical result where both firms obtain zero profit, which is generally not observed in real market duopolies. Here we propose a new game theory model for a price-setting duopoly, which we show resolves the paradoxical behavior of the Bertrand model and provides a consistent general model for duopolies.

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Five-Wave Resonances In Deep Water Gravity Waves: Integrability, Numerical Simulations And Experiments, Dan Lucas, Marc Perlin, Dian-Yong Liu, Shane Walsh, Rossen Ivanov, Miguel D. Bustamante Jan 2021

Five-Wave Resonances In Deep Water Gravity Waves: Integrability, Numerical Simulations And Experiments, Dan Lucas, Marc Perlin, Dian-Yong Liu, Shane Walsh, Rossen Ivanov, Miguel D. Bustamante

Articles

In this work we consider the problem of finding the simplest arrangement of resonant deep water gravity waves in one-dimensional propagation, from three perspectives: Theoretical, numerical and experimental. Theoretically this requires using a normal-form Hamiltonian that focuses on 5-wave resonances. The simplest arrangement is based on a triad of wave vectors K1 + K2 = K3 (satisfying specific ratios) along with their negatives, corresponding to a scenario of encountering wave packets, amenable to experiments and numerical simulations. The normal-form equations for these encountering waves in resonance are shown to be non-integrable, but they admit an integrable reduction …

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Numerical Simulations Of Capsule Deformation Using A Dual Time-Stepping Lattice Boltzmann Method, Charles Armstrong, Yan Peng Jan 2021

Numerical Simulations Of Capsule Deformation Using A Dual Time-Stepping Lattice Boltzmann Method, Charles Armstrong, Yan Peng

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

In this work a quasisteady, dual time-stepping lattice Boltzmann method is proposed for simulation of capsule deformation. At each time step the steady-state lattice Boltzmann equation is solved using the full approximation storage multigrid scheme for nonlinear equations. The capsule membrane is modeled as an infinitely thin shell suspended in an ambient fluid domain with the fluid structure interaction computed using the immersed boundary method. A finite element method is used to compute the elastic forces exerted by the capsule membrane. Results for a wide range of parameters and initial configurations are presented. The proposed method is found to reduce …

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Eureka Moment As Divine Spark In The Light Of Direct Experience With The Spirit And Nature, Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache Dec 2020

Eureka Moment As Divine Spark In The Light Of Direct Experience With The Spirit And Nature, Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In the ancient world, the Greeks believed that all great insights came from one of nine muses, divine sisters who brought inspiration to mere mortals. In the modern world, few people still believe in the muses, but we all still love to hear stories of sudden inspiration. Like Newton and the apple, or Archimedes and the bathtub (both another type of myth), we’re eager to hear and to share stories about flashes of insight. But what does it take to be actually creative? How to have such a flash insight? Turns out, there is real science behind "aha moments." We …

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Need For Shift-Invariant Fractional Differentiation Explains The Appearance Of Complex Numbers In Physics, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich Dec 2020

Need For Shift-Invariant Fractional Differentiation Explains The Appearance Of Complex Numbers In Physics, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Complex numbers are ubiquitous in physics, they lead to a natural description of different physical processes and to efficient algorithms for solving the corresponding problems. But why this seemingly counterintuitive mathematical construction is so natural here? In this paper, we provide a possible explanation of this phenomenon: namely, we show that complex numbers appear if take into account that some physical system are described by derivatives of fractional order and that a physically meaningful analysis of such derivatives naturally leads to complex numbers.

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Making Artificial Cips Data With A Generative Adversarial Neural Network, Austin Hedges Nov 2020

Making Artificial Cips Data With A Generative Adversarial Neural Network, Austin Hedges

Fall Showcase for Research and Creative Inquiry

Polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) have been studied for thirteen years by NASA's Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM) satellite. The Cloud Imaging and Particle Size (CIPS) instrument onboard AIM has taken many images of PMCs over this time. Such a large number of images makes CIPS data ideal for training neural networks which require large datasets. CIPS images were used to train a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) to train towards being able to generate purely artificial CIPS-like images.

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Effective Number Theory: Counting The Identities Of A Quantum State, Ivan Horváth, Robert Mendris Nov 2020

Effective Number Theory: Counting The Identities Of A Quantum State, Ivan Horváth, Robert Mendris

Anesthesiology Faculty Publications

Quantum physics frequently involves a need to count the states, subspaces, measurement outcomes, and other elements of quantum dynamics. However, with quantum mechanics assigning probabilities to such objects, it is often desirable to work with the notion of a “total” that takes into account their varied relevance. For example, such an effective count of position states available to a lattice electron could characterize its localization properties. Similarly, the effective total of outcomes in the measurement step of a quantum computation relates to the efficiency of the quantum algorithm. Despite a broad need for effective counting, a well-founded prescription has not …

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An Expanded Model Of Unmatter From Neutrosophic Logic Perspective: Towards Matter-Spirit Unity View, Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto, Robert Neil Boyd Aug 2020

An Expanded Model Of Unmatter From Neutrosophic Logic Perspective: Towards Matter-Spirit Unity View, Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto, Robert Neil Boyd

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In Neutrosophic Logic, a basic assertion is that there are variations of about everything that we can measure; the variations surround three parameters called T, I, F (truth, indeterminacy, falsehood) which can take a range of values. A previous paper in IJNS, 2020 shortly reviews the links among aether and matter creation from the perspective of Neutrosophic Logic. In any case, matter creation process in nature stays a major puzzle for physicists, scientists and other science analysts. To this issue neutrosophic logic offers an answer: "unmatter." This paper examines an extended model of unmatter, to incorporate issue soul solidarity. So, …

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Spacetime Groups, Ian M. Anderson, Charles G. Torre Jul 2020

Spacetime Groups, Ian M. Anderson, Charles G. Torre

All Physics Faculty Publications

A spacetime group is a connected 4-dimensional Lie group G endowed with a left invariant Lorentz metric h and such that the connected component of the isometry group of h is G itself. The Newman-Penrose formalism is used to give an algebraic classification of spacetime groups, that is, we determine a complete list of inequivalent spacetime Lie algebras, which are pairs, (g, n), with g being a 4-dimensional Lie algebra and n being a Lorentzian inner product on g. A full analysis of the equivalence problem for spacetime Lie algebras is given which leads to a completely …

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Towards Realism Interpretation Of Wave Mechanics Based On Maxwell Equations In Quaternion Space And Some Implications, Including Smarandache’S Hypothesis, Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto, Yunita Umniyati Jun 2020

Towards Realism Interpretation Of Wave Mechanics Based On Maxwell Equations In Quaternion Space And Some Implications, Including Smarandache’S Hypothesis, Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto, Yunita Umniyati

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

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Acoustic Versus Electromagnetic Field Theory: Scalar, Vector, Spinor Representations And The Emergence Of Acoustic Spin, Lucas Burns, Konstantin Y. Bliokh, Franco Nori, Justin Dressel May 2020

Acoustic Versus Electromagnetic Field Theory: Scalar, Vector, Spinor Representations And The Emergence Of Acoustic Spin, Lucas Burns, Konstantin Y. Bliokh, Franco Nori, Justin Dressel

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

We construct a novel Lagrangian representation of acoustic field theory that describes the local vector properties of longitudinal (curl-free) acoustic fields. In particular, this approach accounts for the recently-discovered nonzero spin angular momentum density in inhomogeneous sound fields in fluids or gases. The traditional acoustic Lagrangian representation with a scalar potential is unable to describe such vector properties of acoustic fields adequately, which are however observable via local radiation forces and torques on small probe particles. By introducing a displacement vector potential analogous to the electromagnetic vector potential, we derive the appropriate canonical momentum and spin densities as conserved Noether …

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A Note On The Fine Structure Constant, Bilal Khan, Irshadullah Khan Apr 2020

A Note On The Fine Structure Constant, Bilal Khan, Irshadullah Khan

CSE Technical Reports

We derive the numerical value of the fine structure constant in purely number-theoretic terms, under the assumption that in a system of charges between two parallel conducting plates, the Casimir energy and the mutual Coulomb interaction energy agree.

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