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Articles 1 - 19 of 19
Full-Text Articles in Physics
Oil Particle Analysis Using Machine Learning And Holography Imaging, Daniel Cruz
Oil Particle Analysis Using Machine Learning And Holography Imaging, Daniel Cruz
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Holographic cameras show potential as a sensor to monitor oil spills. Holographic cameras record the light interference from particles in a volume of space, producing an image called a hologram. Processing these holograms is known as hologram reconstruction. It produces a representation of particles located in three-dimensional space. These cameras can record precise shapes and sizes of particles in a volume of water. However, it is very time-consuming and resource-intensive to process the images. Most algorithms that perform particle analysis require the hologram reconstruction step. The well-documented hybrid method is one such algorithm. Machine learning is one possible technique that …
Why Ideas First Appear In Informal Form? Why It Is Very Difficult To Know Yourself? Fuzzy-Based Explanation, Miroslav Svitek, Vladik Kreinovich
Why Ideas First Appear In Informal Form? Why It Is Very Difficult To Know Yourself? Fuzzy-Based Explanation, Miroslav Svitek, Vladik Kreinovich
Departmental Technical Reports (CS)
To a lay person reading about history of physics, it may sound as if the progress of physics comes from geniuses whose inspiration leads them to precise equations that -- almost magically -- explain all the data: this is what Newton did with mechanics, this is what Schroedinger did with quantum physics, this is what Einstein did with gravitation. However, a deeper study of history of physics shows that in all these cases, these geniuses did not start from scratch -- they formalized ideas that first appeared in imprecise ("fuzzy") form. In this paper, we explain -- on the qualitative …
Can Physics Attain Its Goals: Extending D'Agostino's Analysis To 21st Century And Beyond, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich
Can Physics Attain Its Goals: Extending D'Agostino's Analysis To 21st Century And Beyond, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich
Departmental Technical Reports (CS)
In his 2000 seminal book, Silvo D'Agostino provided the detailed overview of the history of ideas underlying 19th and 20th century physics. Now that we are two decades into the 21st century, a natural question is: how can we extend his analysis to the 21st century physics -- and, if possible, beyond, to try to predict how physics will change? To perform this analysis, we go beyond an analysis of what happened and focus more on why para-digm changes happened in the history of physics. To better understand these paradigm changes, we analyze now only what were the main ideas …
Freedom Of Will, Physics, And Human Intelligence: An Idea, Miroslav Svitek, Vladik Kreinovich, Nguyen Hoang Phuong
Freedom Of Will, Physics, And Human Intelligence: An Idea, Miroslav Svitek, Vladik Kreinovich, Nguyen Hoang Phuong
Departmental Technical Reports (CS)
Among the main fundamental challenges related to physics and human intelligence are: How can we reconcile the free will with the deterministic character of physical equations? What is the physical meaning of extra spatial dimensions needed to make quantum physics consistent? and Why are we often smarter than brain-simulating neural networks? In this paper, we show that while each of these challenges is difficult to resolve on its own, it may be possible to resolve all three of them if we consider them together. The proposed possible solution is that human reasoning uses the extra spatial dimensions. This may sound …
Fuzzy Techniques, Laplace Indeterminacy Principle, And Maximum Entropy Approach Explain Lindy Effect And Help Avoid Meaningless Infinities In Physics, Julio C. Urenda, Sean R. Aguilar, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich
Fuzzy Techniques, Laplace Indeterminacy Principle, And Maximum Entropy Approach Explain Lindy Effect And Help Avoid Meaningless Infinities In Physics, Julio C. Urenda, Sean R. Aguilar, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich
Departmental Technical Reports (CS)
In many real-life situations, the only information that we have about some quantity S is a lower bound T ≤ S. In such a situation, what is a reasonable estimate for S? For example, we know that a company has survived for T years, and based on this information, we want to predict for how long it will continue surviving. At first glance, this is a type of a problem to which we can apply the usual fuzzy methodology -- but unfortunately, a straightforward use of this methodology leads to a counter-intuitive infinite estimate for S. There is an empirical …
Is Our World Becoming Less Quantum?, Lidice Castro, Vladik Kreinovich
Is Our World Becoming Less Quantum?, Lidice Castro, Vladik Kreinovich
Departmental Technical Reports (CS)
According to the general idea of quantization, all physical dependencies are only approximately deterministic, and all physical "constants" are actually varying. A natural conclusion -- that some physicists made -- is that Planck's constant (that determines the magnitude of quantum effects) can also vary. In this paper, we use another general physics idea -- the second law of thermodynamics -- to conclude that with time, this constant can only decrease. Thus, with time (we are talking cosmological scales, of course), our world is becoming less quantum.
Need For Simplicity And Everything Is A Matter Of Degree: How Zadeh's Philosophy Is Related To Kolmogorov Complexity, Quantum Physics, And Deep Learning, Vladik Kreinovich, Olga Kosheleva, Andres Ortiz-Muñoz
Need For Simplicity And Everything Is A Matter Of Degree: How Zadeh's Philosophy Is Related To Kolmogorov Complexity, Quantum Physics, And Deep Learning, Vladik Kreinovich, Olga Kosheleva, Andres Ortiz-Muñoz
Departmental Technical Reports (CS)
Many people remember Lofti Zadeh's mantra -- that everything is a matter of degree. This was one of the main principles behind fuzzy logic. What is somewhat less remembered is that Zadeh also used another important principle -- that there is a need for simplicity. In this paper, we show that together, these two principles can generate the main ideas behind such various subjects as Kolmogorov complexity, quantum physics, and deep learning. We also show that these principles can help provide a better understanding of an important notion of space-time causality.
Logarithms Are Not Infinity: A Rational Physics-Related Explanation Of The Mysterious Statement By Lev Landau, Francisco Zapata, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich
Logarithms Are Not Infinity: A Rational Physics-Related Explanation Of The Mysterious Statement By Lev Landau, Francisco Zapata, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich
Departmental Technical Reports (CS)
Nobel-prize winning physicist Lev Landau liked to emphasize that logarithms are not infinity -- meaning that from the physical viewpoint, logarithms of infinite values are not really infinite. Of course, from a literally mathematical viewpoint, this statement does not make sense: one can easily prove that logarithm of infinity is infinite. However, when a Nobel-prizing physicist makes a statement, you do not want to dismiss it, you want to interpret it. In this paper, we propose a possible physical explanation of this statement. Namely, in physics, nothing is really infinite: according to modern physics, even the Universe is finite in …
Physics's Need For Interval Uncertainty And How It Explains Why Physical Space Is (At Least) 3-Dimensional, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich
Physics's Need For Interval Uncertainty And How It Explains Why Physical Space Is (At Least) 3-Dimensional, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich
Departmental Technical Reports (CS)
One of the fundamental problems of modern physics is the problem of divergence: e.g., when we try to compute the overall energy of the electric field generated by a charged elementary particle, we get a physically meaningless infinite value. In this paper, we show that one way to avoid these infinities is to take into account that measurements are always imprecise -- and thus, we never get the exact values of the physical quantities, only intervals of possible values. We also show that 3-dimensional space is the simplest one in which such interval uncertainty is inevitable. This may explain why …
Can Mass Be Negative?, Vladik Kreinovich, Sergei Soloviev
Can Mass Be Negative?, Vladik Kreinovich, Sergei Soloviev
Departmental Technical Reports (CS)
Overcoming the force of gravity is an important part of space travel and a significant obstacle preventing many seemingly reasonable space travel schemes to become practical. Science fiction writers like to imagine materials that may help to make space travel easier. Negative mass -- supposedly causing anti-gravity -- is one of the popular ideas in this regard. But can mass be negative? In this paper, we show that negative masses are not possible -- their existence would enable us to create energy out of nothing, which contradicts to the energy conservation law.
Why 3-D Space? Why 10-D Space? A Possible Simple Geometric Explanation, Vladik Kreinovich
Why 3-D Space? Why 10-D Space? A Possible Simple Geometric Explanation, Vladik Kreinovich
Departmental Technical Reports (CS)
In physics, the number of observed spatial dimensions (three) is usually taken as an empirical fact, without a deep theoretical explanation. In this paper, we provide a possible simple geometric explanation for the 3-D character of the proper space. We also provide a simple geometric explanation for the number of additional spatial dimensions that some physical theories use. Specifically, it is known that for some physical quantities, the 3-D space model with point-wise particles leads to meaningless infinities. To avoid these infinities, physicists have proposed that particles are more adequately described not as 0-D points, but rather as 1-D strings …
Scalability Improvements To Nrlmol For Dft Calculations Of Large Molecules, Carlos Manuel Diaz
Scalability Improvements To Nrlmol For Dft Calculations Of Large Molecules, Carlos Manuel Diaz
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Advances in high performance computing (HPC) have provided a way to treat large, computationally demanding tasks using thousands of processors. With the development of more powerful HPC architectures, the need to create efficient and scalable code has grown more important. Electronic structure calculations are valuable in understanding experimental observations and are routinely used for new materials predictions. For the electronic structure calculations, the memory and computation time are proportional to the number of atoms. Memory requirements for these calculations scale as N2, where N is the number of atoms. While the recent advances in HPC offer platforms with large numbers …
Analysis Of Random Metric Spaces Explains Emergence Phenomenon And Suggests Discreteness Of Physical Space, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich
Analysis Of Random Metric Spaces Explains Emergence Phenomenon And Suggests Discreteness Of Physical Space, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich
Departmental Technical Reports (CS)
In many practical situations, systems follow the pattern set by the second law of thermodynamics: they evolve from an organized inhomogeneous state into a homogeneous structure-free state. In many other practical situations, however, we observe the opposite emergence phenomenon: in an originally homogeneous structure-free state, an inhomogeneous structure spontaneously appears. In this paper, we show that the analysis of random metric spaces provides a possible explanation for this phenomenon. We also show that a similar analysis supports space-time models in which proper space is discrete.
Strongly Coupled Quark Matter: Chiral Symmetry Breaking In A Magnetic Field, And Eos In The Bec-Bec Crossover, Israel Portillo Vazquez
Strongly Coupled Quark Matter: Chiral Symmetry Breaking In A Magnetic Field, And Eos In The Bec-Bec Crossover, Israel Portillo Vazquez
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
We explore chiral symmetry breaking in a magnetic field within a Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model of interacting massless quarks including tensor channels. The new interaction channels are opened up through Fierz identities due to the breaking of the rotational symmetry by the magnetic field. We demonstrate that the magnetic catalysis of chiral symmetry breaking leads to the generation of two independent condensates, the conventional chiral condensate and a spin-one condensate. While the chiral condensate generates a dynamical fermion mass, the spin-one condensate gives rise to a dynamical anomalous magnetic moment for the fermions. We also investigate the possibility of a crossover from …
Full Superposition Principle Is Inconsistent With Non-Deterministic Versions Of Quantum Physics, Andres Ortiz, Vladik Kreinovich
Full Superposition Principle Is Inconsistent With Non-Deterministic Versions Of Quantum Physics, Andres Ortiz, Vladik Kreinovich
Departmental Technical Reports (CS)
Many practical systems are non-deterministic, in the sense that available information about the initial states and control values does not uniquely determine the future states. For some such systems, it is important to take quantum effects into account. For that, we need to develop non-deterministic versions of quantum physics. In this paper, we show that for non-deterministic versions of quantum physics, we cannot require superposition principle -- one of the main fundamental principles of modern quantum mechanics. Specifically, while we can consider superpositions of states corresponding to the same version of the future dynamics, it is not consistently possible to …
Brans-Dicke Scalar-Tensor Theory Of Gravitation May Explain Time Asymmetry Of Physical Processes, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich
Brans-Dicke Scalar-Tensor Theory Of Gravitation May Explain Time Asymmetry Of Physical Processes, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich
Departmental Technical Reports (CS)
Most fundamental physical equations remain valid if we reverse the time order. Thus, if we start with a physical process (which satisfies these equations) and reverse time order, the resulting process also satisfies all the equations and thus, should also be physically reasonable. In practice, however, many physical processes are not reversible: e.g., a cup can break into pieces, but the pieces cannot magically get together and become a whole cup. In this paper, we show that the Brans-Dicke Scalar-Tensor Theory of Gravitation, one of the most widely used generalizations of Einstein's General relativity, is, in effect, time-asymmetric. This time-asymmetry …
Upgrades To Nrlmol Code, Luis Basurto
Upgrades To Nrlmol Code, Luis Basurto
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
This project consists of performing upgrades to the massively parallel NRLMOL electronic structure code in order to enhance its performance by increasing its flexibility by: a) Utilizing dynamically allocated arrays, b) Executing in a parallel environment sections of the program that were previously executed in a serial mode, c) Exploring simultaneous concurrent executions of the program through the use of an already existing MPI environment; thus enabling the simulation of larger systems than it is currently capable of performing. Also developed was a graphical user interface that will allow less experienced users to start performing electronic structure calculations by aiding …
Upgrades To Nrlmol Code, Luis Basurto
Upgrades To Nrlmol Code, Luis Basurto
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
This project consists of performing upgrades to the NRLMOL code in order to enhance its performance by increasing its flexibility by utilizing dynamically allocated arrays and enable the simulating of larger systems than it's currently capable of executing, as well as exploring simultaneous concurrent executions of the program through the use of an already existing MPI environment.
Pressure Induced Phase Transformation Of Sno2: An Ab Initio Constant Pressure Study, Daniel Tesfai Yehdego
Pressure Induced Phase Transformation Of Sno2: An Ab Initio Constant Pressure Study, Daniel Tesfai Yehdego
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The behavior of SnO2 under rapid hydrostatic pressures is studied using constant-pressure ab initio simulations. The rutile-type SnO2 gradually transforms into the CaCl2-type structure at 15 GPa. At a pressure of about 20 GPa, a phase transformation into a cubic fluorite-type structure is observed. The orthorhombic Pnma cotunnite-structured phase is observed above 150 GPa. The mechanisms of these phase transformations at the atomistic level are discussed.