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Articles 1 - 23 of 23
Full-Text Articles in Oceanography
Temporal Alternation Between Light- And Nutrient-Limitation Of Phytoplankton Production In A Coastal Plain Estuary., Jonathan Pennock, Jonathan H. Sharp
Temporal Alternation Between Light- And Nutrient-Limitation Of Phytoplankton Production In A Coastal Plain Estuary., Jonathan Pennock, Jonathan H. Sharp
School of Marine Science and Ocean Engineering
ABSTRACT: The potential for Light- and nutrient-limitation of phytoplankton production was examined in the Delaware Estuary, USA, by combining a hierarchy of expenmental approaches including smallscale bioassay experiments, ecosystem-level analysis of nutrient concentration and stoichiometric ratios, and light-limitation modeling. Light was found to be the predominate regulator of phytoplankton growth throughout the estuary during the winter period as a result of high turbidity and a wellmixed water column. However, during late spring, phosphorus (P) was found to limit growth. This observation was confirmed at each of the experimental levels, and was related to several factors, including elevated input ratios (230:l) …
Benthic Community Responses To Hypoxic Conditions In The Lower Rappahannock River, Virginia, Mary Elaine Smith
Benthic Community Responses To Hypoxic Conditions In The Lower Rappahannock River, Virginia, Mary Elaine Smith
Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations
The effects of seasonal low dissolved oxygen conditions upon benthic macroinvertebrate communities were studied in the lower Rappahannock River, a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay. Benthic communities were sampled during March, June, August, and September 1993 at five equidistant depths (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 m) extending upwards from the deepwater Virginia Benthic Biological Monitoring Station LE3.4 located in the deep basin just inside the mouth of the Rappahannock River. Infaunal species diversity, richness, biomass, and density were measured along with the vertical depth distribution of organisms within the sediment. Significant sediment differences were found between the shallowest, 5 …
Modeling Oyster Populations Ii. Adult Size And Reproductive Effort, E. E. Hofmann, J. M. Klinck, E. N. Powell, S. Boyles, M. Ellis
Modeling Oyster Populations Ii. Adult Size And Reproductive Effort, E. E. Hofmann, J. M. Klinck, E. N. Powell, S. Boyles, M. Ellis
CCPO Publications
A time-dependent model of energy flow in post-settlement oyster populations is used to examine the factors that influence adult size and reproductive effort in a particular habitat, Galveston Bay, Texas, and in habitats that extend from Laguna Madre, Texas to Chesapeake Bay. The simulated populations show that adult size and reproductive effort are determined by the allocation of net production to somatic or reproductive tissue development and the rate of food acquisition, both of which are temperature dependent. For similar food conditions, increased temperature reduces the allocation of net production to somatic tissue and increases the rate of food acquisition. …
Modeling Oyster Populations. Iv. Rates Of Mortality, Population Crashes, And Management, E. N. Powell, J. M. Klinck, E. E. Hofmann, S. M. Ray
Modeling Oyster Populations. Iv. Rates Of Mortality, Population Crashes, And Management, E. N. Powell, J. M. Klinck, E. E. Hofmann, S. M. Ray
CCPO Publications
A time-dependent energy-flow model was used to examine how mortality affects oyster populations over the latitudinal gradient from Galveston Bay, Texas, to Chesapeake Bay, Virginia. Simulations using different mortality rates showed that mortality is required for market-site oysters to be a component of the population's size-frequency distribution; otherwise a population of stunted individuals results. As mortality extends into the juvenile sizes, the population's size frequency shifts toward the larger sizes. In many cases adults increase despite a decrease in overall population abundance. Simulations, in which the timing of mortality varied, showed that oyster populations are more susceptible to population declines …
In Vitro And In Vivo Effects Of Chemotherapeutants On The Oyster Parasite, Perkinsus Marinus, Gustavo W. Calvo
In Vitro And In Vivo Effects Of Chemotherapeutants On The Oyster Parasite, Perkinsus Marinus, Gustavo W. Calvo
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
To investigate the potential of chemotherapeutants to control the oyster pathogen Perkinsus marinus, anticoccidial and antifungal compounds were tested in vitro on infected hemolymph and cultured P. marinus cells and in vivo on infected oysters. In addition, acute toxicity to oysters was determined for six anticoccidials. In vitro experiments with infected hemolymph consisted of 24 h exposure of 0.2 mL hemolymph aliquots to concentrations ranging from 100 mg/L to 0.01 mg/L of amphotericin-B, amprolium, arprinocid, cycloheximide, lasalocid, malachite green, monensin, sulfadimethoxine, and a potentiated sulfadimethoxine, followed by incubation in fluid thioglycollate medium (FTM) to determine prezoosporangia abundance. Lasalocid, malachite green, …
Global Phylogeography Of Yellowfin Tuna, Thunnus Albacares, And Mackerels Of The Genus Scomber, Daniel R. Scoles
Global Phylogeography Of Yellowfin Tuna, Thunnus Albacares, And Mackerels Of The Genus Scomber, Daniel R. Scoles
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Intraspecific genetic relationships within yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares, and three mackerels of the genus Scomber were studied by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The comparison of these scombrids, with different larval distributions, adult distributions, and vagilities, served to investigate the hypothesis that population structure in marine fishes results from geographic and physical oceanographic processes that limit dispersal of early life history stages. Samples of 20 yellowfin tuna were examined from each of five Pacific locations and one Atlantic location. MtDNA analysis with 12 informative restriction endonucleases demonstrated considerable genetic variation, as evidenced by overall nucleon …
The Role Of Predation On Zostera Marina L (Eelgrass) Seed Abundance, James Fishman
The Role Of Predation On Zostera Marina L (Eelgrass) Seed Abundance, James Fishman
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Toxicity Resistance In Mummichog (Fundulus Heteroclitus) From A Chemically Contaminated Environment, Cynthia A. H. Williams
Toxicity Resistance In Mummichog (Fundulus Heteroclitus) From A Chemically Contaminated Environment, Cynthia A. H. Williams
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
A Gis Spatial Analysis Of The Potential Conflict Between Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Management And The Development Of Shellfish Aquaculture In The Lower Chesapeake Bay, Laura Ann Grignano
A Gis Spatial Analysis Of The Potential Conflict Between Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Management And The Development Of Shellfish Aquaculture In The Lower Chesapeake Bay, Laura Ann Grignano
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Contribution Of Zooplankton Lipids To The Flux Of Organic Matter In The Northern Adriatic Sea, Mirjana Najdek, Staša Puškarić, Alexander B. Bochdansky
Contribution Of Zooplankton Lipids To The Flux Of Organic Matter In The Northern Adriatic Sea, Mirjana Najdek, Staša Puškarić, Alexander B. Bochdansky
OES Faculty Publications
Analyses of particulate material collected by sediment traps moored at a location in the northern Adriatic Sea in 1991 revealed the presence of zooplankton fatty acids, even though zooplankton and other 'swimmers' killed by the trap's preservative were carefully removed. Laboratory experiments were conducted to (1) prove the existence of zooplankton lipids within fecal pellets, (2) exclude the possibility of incomplete separation of swimmers and other material as eventual contamination with polyunsaturated fatty acids in fecal pellets, (3) evaluate the importance of zooplankton lipids to mass flux and (4) reveal the mechanisms which lead to excretion of undigested organic matter, …
Mechanisms Of Larval Spot Transport And Recruitment To The Chesapeake Bay, Deborah A. Bodolus
Mechanisms Of Larval Spot Transport And Recruitment To The Chesapeake Bay, Deborah A. Bodolus
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
The spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) is an important commercial and recreational species in Virginia. Recruitment of juveniles to the Bay is characterized by large interannual fluctuations, that can be explained by the sequence and direction of wind during various phases of the early life history. An environmentally-modified Ricker stock-recruitment curve was developed incorporating the southeasterly winds in November-December, the southerly winds in January-March, and the westerly winds in April-May. This model explained 81% of the variation and closely paralleled the VIMS Juvenile Spot Index. Spot from the Chesapeake Bay migrate south in fall to spawn near or south of Cape Hatteras. …
The Effects Of Contaminated Sediment On The Epidermal Goblet Cells Of The Mummichog, Fundulus Heteroclitus, Laurent C. Mézin
The Effects Of Contaminated Sediment On The Epidermal Goblet Cells Of The Mummichog, Fundulus Heteroclitus, Laurent C. Mézin
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Secretion of mucus by epidermal goblet cells is an important first line of defense for teleosts. It protects them against many of the biological, physical and chemical insults they encounter in their environment. This project monitored changes in hemoglobin concentration in epidermal mucus and in the density, diameter and mucus quality of epidermal goblet cells in the mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus, following exposure to creosote-contaminated sediment. Male fish (200) were exposed for 13 days in flowthough aquaria to either an uncontaminated reference sediment or contaminated sediment containing 30% Elizabeth River sediment. Fish were sampled on Days 0, 3, 7 and 13. …
Measurement Of In Situ Eelgrass Community Metabolism In Standing And Flowing Waters: Methods And Models, William James Seufzer
Measurement Of In Situ Eelgrass Community Metabolism In Standing And Flowing Waters: Methods And Models, William James Seufzer
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Modeling Daily Production Of Aquatic Macrophytes From Irradiance Measurements: A Comparative Analysis, Richard C. Zimmerman, Alejandro C. Pasini, Randall S. Alberte
Modeling Daily Production Of Aquatic Macrophytes From Irradiance Measurements: A Comparative Analysis, Richard C. Zimmerman, Alejandro C. Pasini, Randall S. Alberte
OES Faculty Publications
The importance of submerged aquatic macrophytes to coastal ecosystems has generated a need for knowledge of minimum light levels that will support the maintenance and restoration of healthy populations. Our goals were (1) to evaluate the sensitivity to natural, non-sinusoidal fluctuations in irradiance I of analytical integration techniques for calculating daily carbon gain, (2) to evaluate the Hsat (the daily period of I-saturated photosynthesis) model of daily production relative to models based on instantaneous photosynthesis vs irradiance (P vs I) and (3) to provide some guidance for the temporal density of irradiance data required for accurate estimation of …
Assessment Of Genetic Diversity Of Seagrass Populations Using Dna Fingerprinting: Implications For Population Stability And Management, Randall S. Alberte, Gregory K. Suba, Gabriele Procaccini, Richard C. Zimmerman, Steven R. Fain
Assessment Of Genetic Diversity Of Seagrass Populations Using Dna Fingerprinting: Implications For Population Stability And Management, Randall S. Alberte, Gregory K. Suba, Gabriele Procaccini, Richard C. Zimmerman, Steven R. Fain
OES Faculty Publications
Populations of the temperate seagrass, Zostera marina L. (eelgrass), often exist as discontinuous beds in estuaries, harbors, and bays where they can reproduce sexually or vegetatively through clonal propagation. We examined the genetic structure of three geographically and morphologically distinct populations from central California (Elkhorn Slough, Tomales Bay, and Del Monte Beach), using multilocus restriction fragment length polymorphisms (DNA fingerprints). Within-population genetic similarity (Sw) values for the three eelgrass populations ranged from 0.44 to 0.68. The Tomales Bay population located in an undisturbed, littoral site possessed a within-population genetic similarity (Sw = 0.44) that was significantly lower …
A Comparison Of A Validated Otolith Method To Age Weakfish, Cynoscion Regalis, With The Traditional Scale Method, Susan K. Lowerre-Barbieri, Mark E. Chittenden Jr., Cynthia M. Jones
A Comparison Of A Validated Otolith Method To Age Weakfish, Cynoscion Regalis, With The Traditional Scale Method, Susan K. Lowerre-Barbieri, Mark E. Chittenden Jr., Cynthia M. Jones
OES Faculty Publications
Otoliths, scales, dorsal spines, and pectoral-fin rays were compared to ascertain the best hardpart for determining the age of weakfish, Cynoscion regalis. Each showed concentric marks, which could be interpreted as annuli. Sectioned otoliths, however, consistently showed the clearest marks, had 100% agreement between and within readers, and were validated by the marginal increment method for ages 1-5. This validated method of ageing weakfish was then compared with the traditionally used scale method. The scale method was less precise, as demonstrated by lower percent agreement, and generally assigned younger ages for fish older than age 6 (as determined by …
Biogeochemical Control Of Phosphorus Cycling And Primary Production In Lake Michigan, R. S. Walsh, Gregory A. Cutter, W. M. Dunstan, J. Radford-Knoery, J. T. Elder
Biogeochemical Control Of Phosphorus Cycling And Primary Production In Lake Michigan, R. S. Walsh, Gregory A. Cutter, W. M. Dunstan, J. Radford-Knoery, J. T. Elder
OES Faculty Publications
A 3-yr study in Lake Michigan has shown a 27 mmol P m-2 increase in the mass of total P (TP) in the water during spring when the lake is mixed from surface to sediment. This value is an order of magnitude greater than the annual P input from external sources. TP changed in concert with increases in chlorophyll a and organic N and decreases in nitrate and soluble Si. The concentration of soluble reactive PO4-3 (SRP) remained relatively constant throughout the study. We hypothesize that the SRP concentration is maintained by a chemical equilibrium with calcium-phosphate …
Mitochondrial Dna Variation In Natural And Cultured Populations Of The Bay Scallop, Argopecten Irradians (Lamarck) And The Calico Scallop, Argopecten Gibbus (Dall), Sandra Grace Blake
Mitochondrial Dna Variation In Natural And Cultured Populations Of The Bay Scallop, Argopecten Irradians (Lamarck) And The Calico Scallop, Argopecten Gibbus (Dall), Sandra Grace Blake
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Food, Feeding, And Length-Weight Relationships Of Young-Of-The-Year Striped Bass, Morone Saxatilis And Young-Of-The-Year White Perch, Morone Americana, Paul J. Rudershausen
Food, Feeding, And Length-Weight Relationships Of Young-Of-The-Year Striped Bass, Morone Saxatilis And Young-Of-The-Year White Perch, Morone Americana, Paul J. Rudershausen
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Predation On Juvenile Blue Crabs, Callinectes Sapidus Rathbun, In Lower Chesapeake Bay: Patterns, Predators, And Potential Impacts, Kirt E. Moody
Predation On Juvenile Blue Crabs, Callinectes Sapidus Rathbun, In Lower Chesapeake Bay: Patterns, Predators, And Potential Impacts, Kirt E. Moody
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Various investigations of the population dynamics of blue crabs in Chesapeake Bay indicate that predator-induced mortality in the juvenile phase may determine year-class strength. In a tethering study, which spanned three seasons in shallow-water habitats of the lower York River, daily mortality rates of juvenile crabs were measured across three variables: crab size (30-70 mm carapace width), habitat type (seagrass, mud, and sand), and month (May-November). Vulnerability to predation was consistently lower for larger crabs, approaching a size refuge from predation at approximately 90 mm carapace width. Predation was most intense in unvegetated sand habitats, and significantly lower in seagrass …
Size-Specific Fecundity Of The Sea Scallop, Placopecten Magellanicus, During One Spawning Period In The Mid-Atlantic Resource Area, Ryan B. Carnegie
Size-Specific Fecundity Of The Sea Scallop, Placopecten Magellanicus, During One Spawning Period In The Mid-Atlantic Resource Area, Ryan B. Carnegie
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Investigations Into Cataract Formation In Sciaenid Fish Species From The Elizabeth River, Chesapeake Bay, Virginia, Christopher D. Williams
Investigations Into Cataract Formation In Sciaenid Fish Species From The Elizabeth River, Chesapeake Bay, Virginia, Christopher D. Williams
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Cataract formation in the Elizabeth River (ER) has been reported since 1986. Previous studies have concentrated on describing cataract as a function of exposure to polluted sediments, especially polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). These studies, however, have not examined what processes might be involved in fish cataractogenesis. The overall objective of this research was to identify important processes associated with the early development of cataract in feral fish populations. Field studies were used to systematically examine cataract development. Cataract in sciaenids was not associated with previously described cataractogenic factors, but could be linked to contaminated sediments of the ER. Cataract was …
Population-Dynamics Of Juvenile Caribbean Spiny Lobster, Panulirus-Argus, In Florida Bay, Florida, David Forcucci, Mark J. Butler Iv, John H. Hunt
Population-Dynamics Of Juvenile Caribbean Spiny Lobster, Panulirus-Argus, In Florida Bay, Florida, David Forcucci, Mark J. Butler Iv, John H. Hunt
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Despite a wealth of information on the growth and population dynamics of sub-adult and adult Caribbean spiny lobsters (Panulirus argus), there is far less information about younger juveniles under natural conditions. Here we describe growth and population dynamics of juvenile spiny lobsters (12-68 mm carapace length, CL) that we have studied for 14 months (October 1988-December 1989) using mark-recapture techniques in a hardbottom community in Florida Bay, Florida. We also monitored the supply of postlarvae into the region in 1988 and 1989 using Witham-type surface collectors in an effort to link peak periods of settlement of postlarvae with subsequent cohorts …