Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons^™

Maritime Unions & U.S. Shipping Policy, Jon Lucas

Theses and Major Papers

This paper explores the role played by the U.S. maritime unions in influencing the formation of American shipping policy. The thesis of the paper is that maritime unions have exerted great influence on legislators, through lobbying efforts to foster special-interest legislation which benefits union members at the expense of the taxpayer. The research is based on standard works on shipping and maritime labor relations, Hearings of the House and Senate Merchant Marine committees, and newspaper and magazine articles which trace the progress of various pieces of maritime legislation. Only the activities of the seagoing unions are discussed, and the paper …

Science In The Sea-Can The Scientists Endure 200 Mile Jurisdiction?: A Case Study Of The R/V Trident 1973-1975, Barbara Ray

Theses and Major Papers

Before the 1958 Continental Shelf Convention scientists were free to do their research anywhere in the oceans except within a narrow band of territorial waters. Since that time national jurisdiction has closed off increasing amounts of the sea. Most coastal areas and continental shelf areas now require coastal state consent prior to commencing work. Possible reasons for this closure include 1) fear of natural resource exploitation, 2) fear of military exploitation, or 3) growing feelings of nationalism among the developing countries. This paper is divided into two parts. The first deals at length with the development of the issue of …

The Intergovernmental Balancing Act: State-Federal Interests In Coastal Zone Management, Timothy M. Alexander

Theses and Major Papers

The central notion of intergovernmental and inter-interest balancing suggested by the title of this paper reflects a distinctly American theme derived from our pluralistic, competing, compromissory and somewhat optimistic governmental values and experience. The Coastal Zone Management Act (hereafter CZMA or the Act) and the success of its implementation rests firmly on this balancing premise. The CZMA's assumptions, processes and implicit or stated objectives involve reliance on a governmental system that achieves effective and equitable intergovernmental balance.Yet, as I think this investigation will show, there are no ready-made answers as to how balance is to be achieved through the Act--let …

Final Report On The Recreation Plan For Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project, Maine : Prepared For The Corps Of Engineers, New England Division, Northern Maine Regional Planning Commission, Land Use Consultants, Inc

Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project

The purpose of this report is to evaluate and describe the existing recreational use and resources of the project area and the encompassing study area and to project the future use of those resources both with and without the Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project. This study develops and evaluates a concept plan for the recreation potential of the Dickey-Lincoln School project and assesses the recreational impact of this recommended concept plan.

The Future Of Excess Navy Lands: A Case Study Of The Quonset Point-Davisville, Rhode Island Coastal Fringe, Thomas E. Bigford

Theses and Major Papers

With spiraling costs in government, the American taxpayer and the Office of Management and Budget have encountered continuing problems in spending. One outcome of such economic hardships, emphasized in this period of peacetime, has been significant budgetary cutbacks in the Department of Defense. Translated through the political heirarchy, these cuts eventually resulted in the closing of many military bases. Regardless of the geographical location, each excessed base posed problems to the respective area and state. Problems arose concerning immediate socio-economic hardships in the region, changes in ownership of the land, and most obviously, future uses of the property.This subject is …

Legislative Note, Metallic Mining And Reclamation In Michigan: Environmental Management As A Gentler Approach, John Dernbach

John C. Dernbach

No abstract provided.

An Examination Of New England's Coastal Wetlands Legislation, Joseph M. D'Eugenio

Theses and Major Papers

This paper will examine the different legislative schemes that have been created in New England for the protection of coastal wetlands. It will assess how they have worked in practice, both with respect to their administration and the judicial response to them, and will outline the arguments for and against upholding restrictions on the use of wetlands under the legislation.

Transmission Planning Summary : Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project Transmission Studies, United States Department Of Interior

Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project

This report summarizes the results of system planning, environmental, and location studies for transmission facilities associated with the proposed Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project in northern Maine. The studies recommend the construction of two 345-kV transmission circuits from a substation near the project along a route through western Maine into northern New Hampshire and Vermont. The plan will integrate the power produced by the project into the New England Power Pool Transmission System. Five alternate integration plans were identified and studied. Of the five plans, the recommended plan, which calls for the lines to be suspended from a single row of …

[Letter From New England Regional Director To Division Engineer, New England Division, U.S. Army Corps Of Engineers], U.S. Fish And Wildlife Service

Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes Project

The results of appraisals conducted jointly by this Service, the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, and your agency concerning bald eagle, osprey, peregrine falcon, and great blue heron.

An Evaluation Of The National Sea Grant Program, Christopher B. Llana

Theses and Major Papers

This paper will discuss the philosophies and management of the Sea Grant program and their effectiveness in meeting the original goals of the program as they were perceived when the National Sea Grant College and Program Act of 1966 were formulated.

Public Access To Beaches In America, Michael Betty

Theses and Major Papers

In the United States today there exists a growing, mobile population who wish to make use of what is considered to be a diminishing natural resource, the shoreline beaches. The public is denied access to the sea and the enjoyment of shore by the littoral land owner who occupies the beach area to the exclusion of all others.

It appears that the rights of the public will have to be expanded to insure adequate space and facilities for recreation. This expansion will encroach on private rights as the population seeks access to beach areas that have assumed a public character. …

A Regime For Archipelagos, Ralph Fink Iii

Theses and Major Papers

An analysis of the development of international law in the case of island States. The rights of these States to establish special juridical arrangements for their adjacent waters, and the effects of these decisions on other nations form the central theme. Any attempt at combining all the issues at stake into a single principle by LOS III appears doomed to failure. Success will be achieved by agreement on the separate issues and as a result of other actions not directly related to the problem of archipelagic States.

Beach Access: Public Right Or Public Privilege, John E. Jessup

Theses and Major Papers

All the coastal states of the U.S., particularly the more populous, have been and are struggling with the problem of obtaining public access to the nation's coastal beaches. There s a large volume of litigation and legislation devoted wholly or in part to mitigating the problem. It is the intent of this paper to examine some of the landmark court cases on the subject throughout the U.S. and also Federal legislation which has been proposed or enacted. Because the issue joined is so basic, i.e., public rights to use the beach vs. private property rights in that same beach, emotions …

Public Access To The Beaches Of Connecticut, Don W. Oswalt

Theses and Major Papers

Elements of the public of Connecticut are engaged in direct conflict against private and municipal property rights over the issue of increased public access to beaches of the state. In Connecticut, as well as the nation, definite solutions to the problem are slow to materialize. The public's right to the whole beach is being clarified by only a few states, while public access under common law remains a clouded issue nationwide. The research study I am proposing would examine in detail the legal issues involved, the state and federal legislative actions, geographical considerations, etc. I feel that the resulting collation …

The European Economic Community: Example Of Regionalization Of The Sea?, B. Deniaux

Theses and Major Papers

The European Law and power has not such a world-wide application nowadays, and it is rather against the rules created by the old European order that the nations formed during the second part of this century have begun a rebellion process. One can address the following questions: what exactly is nowadays the action of the European Community at sea: is there a common policy of the common Market toward marine related problems? If there is one, what is the actual impact of this policy at the international level, and especially these days, in regards of the Law of the Sea …

The Two Hundred Mile Economic Zone And Scientific Research, Peter R. Latham

Theses and Major Papers

Knowledge of the deep ocean floor; continental shelves and margins is basic to many present and future uses of the sea. Such uses include mineral extraction, navigation of surface and subsurface vehicles, construction of structures on the sea bottom and along the margin, and exploitation of living resources of the shelf and of the water column. Uses of the ocean are directly impinged upon by technological changes resulting from research efforts. Applied science is nowhere more visible than in current development of offshore petroleum sources, development of new fisheries and speculation over possibilities for wealth awaiting mankind on the sea …

The Legal Aspects Of Containerization, C. Douglas Skinner

Theses and Major Papers

A not-so-quiet revolution has been sweeping the transportation industry with the advent of containerization, a practice wherein goods are loaded into a 20' by 40' x 8' box of metal, wood or fiberglass, sealed, and shipped as a unit or package via rail, truck, freighter, or even air. While the use of the container for point-to-point shipment is part of the larger aspect of intermodal transportation, or the process through which the container travels by way of the differing methods or modes of transportation, this paper will deal primarily in how the ocean shipping industry interacts legally with the other …

Offshore Oil Interests Of The United States: An Overview, Scott H. Marstan

Theses and Major Papers

The following discussion focuses on the current situation as regards U.S. oil interests worldwide offshore. It divides into three general areas: 1) a general view of the scope of the U.S. oil companies' investments offshore, foreign and domestic, 2) an analysis of the recent rise to power of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and the ensuing problems created for U.S. oil investments abroad, and 3) a brief history and a discussion of U.S. oil interests in the law of the sea as an expression of their concern for resolution to OPEC-like problems.

The Development And Constitutionality Of The 1971 Delaware Coastal Zone Act, Francis Cameron

Theses and Major Papers

In June 1971, the Delaware Legislature passed the Delaware Coastal Zone Act that barred heavy manufacturing industry from locating in an area one to six miles deep along the state's 115 mile coastline. The act created a State Coastal Zone Industrial Control Board to hear appeals from decisions of the State Planner. In addition, the act prohibited the construction in the bay of marine terminals for the transshipment of liquid and solid bulk materials of any substance, (specifically aimed at offshore oil and coal transfer) from vessels to onshore facilities. The law's immediate effect was to block several hundred million …

Underwater Search And Rescue For Non-Military Submersibles, Peter A. Joseph

Theses and Major Papers

A system of underwater search and rescue for non-military submersibles utilizing a helicopter delivered rescue submersible is proposed. In the last 10 years there has been a substantial increase in manned underwater endeavors. This expansion is expected to continue with increasingly greater emphasis in the recreational field. The necessity to overcome the relatively short iife support of the small recreation submersible dictates a rapid response. This system should be capable of providing the lift necessary to rescue the entrapped personnel by bringing the submersible to the surface. At the present time the Coast Guard must rely on other submersible operators …

The U.S. Merchant Fleet: Patterns For The Seventies (U), Glenn Edward Whisler Jr.

Theses and Major Papers

An analysis of recent U.S. maritime legislation in order to predict the possible effect it may have on our merchant fleet growth patterns for the seventies. Major attention is devoted to the Merchant Marine Act of 1970 which the Administration and Congress hopes will halt the continuing decline of the U.S. merchant fleet. The investigation is limited to the shipbuilding industry and is concerned primarily with government incentives, provided to both shipbuilders and shipowners, designed to stimulate new building programs. This study finds that the U.S. merchant fleet will experience a healthy growth during this decade as a result of …

Concept Of Adjacency, Kenneth L. Wright Jr.

Theses and Major Papers

Adjacency, as used in the Law of the Sea, implies a defined area beyond the territorial sea applying to the superadjacent waters, the seabedand the subsoil. It also implies a relationship to the land. This paper is an examination of adjacency as a concept with particular emphasis placed on the possibilities of establishing the outer limits of an adjacent area. The concept of adjacency is addressed from historical,oceanographic, biological, geological and legal perspectives. An investigation into the State practice of projecting limited jurisdiction from shore into the sea by Britain and America is made to determine a possible genesis concerning …

The United States Navy And An International Seabed Regime (U), Theodore E. Newark

Theses and Major Papers

The paper proposes to briefly outline the Navy's general role as one element of this nation's overall seapower. The expanding sources of conflicting interest in uses of the sea are examined along with the barely visible form which debates are presently giving toward the creation of an international regime for the peaceful exploration and exploitation of the natural resources of the seabed and its subsoil, located beyond the limits of national jurisdiction. Naval adjustment to the requirements expected to derive from new aspects of the evolving changes to present law of the sea are analyzed and recommendations are drawn in …

The Effects Of A Twelve Mile Limit For The Territorial Sea, Richard J. Brennan

Theses and Major Papers

A treaty setting the limit of territorial waters at twelve miles will probably be negotiated and accepted by most nations in the near future. In areas not involving straits, this limit will have both beneficial and harmful effects, but it appears to be the best solution that can be achieved. However, in order to ensure that confidence in the free use of the oceans is maintained, the United States should attempt to have included in the treaty a provision for a channel of high seas through international straits. Agreement to such a provision will be difficult to obtain and if …

Recommendations For A United States Position Regarding Delimitation Of The Outer Boundary Of The "Legal" Continental Shelves, Brian K. Hannula

Theses and Major Papers

The Convention on the Continental Shelf has come under attack because it does not establish a precise outer boundary for the "legal" continental shelf. It is the author's opinion that the United States should propose or support a revision of the Convention which would rectify this situation. A suitable delimitation proposal must have considerable domestic support and should represent the best compromise between opposing domestic views. A proposed revision of the Convention must, also, have strong international support if it is to be adopted. Each nation will determine a preferred delimitation which depends on the configuration of its own continental …

Usn Commander W.R. Anderson Writes On Uss Nautilus Stationary A Summary Of The Ship'd Journey Across The North Pole, 1958, William Robert Anderson

Broadus R. Littlejohn, Jr. Manuscript and Ephemera Collection

Anderson thanks addressee Mr. Sickel for his interesting letter (not included) and summarizes the journey of the USS Nautilus under the polar ice cap and across the North Pole on August 3, 1958. The letter is typed on USS Nautilus stationary.