Volcanology Commons^™

The Recent Volcanic History Of Axial Seamount: Geophysical Insights Into Past Eruption Dynamics With An Eye Toward Enhanced Observations Of Future Eruptions, William Wilcock, Robert Dziak, Maya Tolstoy, William Chadwick, Scott Nooner, Delwayne Bohnenstiel, Jacqueline Caplan-Auerbach, Felix Waldhauser, Adrien Amulf, Christian Ballard, Tai-Kwan Lau, Joseph Haxel, Yen Joe Tan, Charles Garcia, Samuel Levy, M. Everett Mann

Geology Faculty Publications

To understand the processes that form oceanic crust as well as the role of submarine volcanoes in exchanging heat and chemicals with the ocean and in supporting chemosynthetic biological communities, it is essential to study underwater eruptions. The world’s most advanced underwater volcano observatory—the Ocean Observatories Initiative Cabled Array at Axial Seamount—builds upon ~30 years of sustained geophysical monitoring at this site with autonomous and remote systems. In April 2015, only months after the Cabled Array’s installation, it recorded an eruption at Axial Seamount, adding to the records of two prior eruptions in 1998 and 2011. Between eruptions, magma recharge …

Explosive Processes During The 2015 Eruption Of Axial Seamount, As Recorded By Seafloor Hydrophones, Jacqueline Caplan-Auerbach, R. P. Dziak, J. Haxel, D. R. Bohnenstiehl, C. Garcia

Geology Faculty Publications

Following the installation of the Ocean Observatories Initiative cabled array, the 2015 eruption of Axial Seamount, Juan de Fuca ridge, became the first submarine eruption to be captured in real time by seafloor seismic and acoustic instruments. This eruption also marked the first instance where the entire eruption cycle of a submarine volcano, from the previous eruption in 2011 to the end of the month-long 2015 event, was monitored continuously using autonomous ocean bottom hydrophones. Impulsive sounds associated with explosive lava-water interactions are identified within hydrophone records during both eruptions. Explosions within the caldera are acoustically distinguishable from those occurring …

Expedition 350 Methods, Y. Tamura, C. J. Busby, P. Blum, G. Guèrin, G. D.M. Andrews, A. K. Barker, J. L. R. Berger, E. M. Bongiolo, M. Bordiga, Susan M. Debari, J. B. Gill, C. Hamelin, J. Jia, E. H. John, A. -S. Jonas, M. Jutzeler, M. A.C. Kars, Z. A. Kita, K. Konrad, S. H. Mahoney, M. Martini, T. Miyazaki, R. J. Musgrave, D. B. Nascimento, A. R.L. Nichols, J. M. Ribeiro, T. Sato, J. C. Schindlbeck, A. K. Schmitt, S. M. Straub, M. J. Vautravers, Y. Yang

Geology Faculty Publications

This chapter of the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 350 Proceedings volume documents the procedures and tools employed in the various shipboard laboratories of the R/V JOIDES Resolution during Expedition 350. This information applies only to shipboard work described in the Expedition Reports section of this volume. Methods for shore-based analyses of Expedition 350 samples and data will be described in the individual scientific contributions to be published in the open literature or in the Expedition Research Results section of this volume.

This section describes procedures and equipment used for drilling, coring, and hole completion; core handling; computation of …

Expedition 350 Summary, Y. Tamura, C. J. Busby, P. Blum, G. Guèrin, G. D.M. Andrews, A. K. Barker, J. L.R. Berger, E. M. Bongiolo, M. Bordiga, Susan M. Debari, J. B. Gill, C. Hamelin, J. Jia, E. H. John, A.-S. Jonas, J. Jutzeler, M A.C. Kars, Z. A. Kita, K. Konrad, S. H. Mahony, M. Martini, T. Myiazaki, R. J. Musgrave, D. B. Nascimento, A. R.L. Nichols, J. M. Ribeiro, T. Sato, J. C. Schindlbeck, A. K. Schmitt, S. M. Straub, M. J. Vautravers, Y. Yang

Geology Faculty Publications

International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Hole U1436A (proposed Site IBM-4GT) lies in the western part of the Izu fore-arc basin, ~60 km east of the arc-front volcano Aogashima, ~170 km west of the axis of the Izu-Bonin Trench, and 1.5 km west of Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 792, at 1776 meters below sea level (mbsl). It was drilled as a 150 m deep geotechnical test hole for potential future deep drilling (5500 meters below seafloor [mbsf]) at proposed Site IBM-4 using the D/V Chikyu. Core from Site U1436 yielded a rich record of Late Pleistocene explosive volcanism, including …

Long-Term Explosive Degassing, Debris Flows And Volatile Release At West Mata Submarine Volcano, R. P. Dziak, D. R. Bohnenstiehl, E. T. Baker, H. Matsumoto, Jacqueline Caplan-Auerbach, R. W. Embley, S. L. Walker, T. -K. Lau, W. W. Chadwick Jr.

Geology Faculty Publications

West Mata is a 1200 m deep submarine volcano where explosive boninite eruptions were observed in 2009. The acoustic signatures from the volcano’s summit eruptive vents Hades and Prometheus were recorded with an in situ (~25m range) hydrophone during ROV dives in May 2009 and with local (~5km range) moored hydrophones between December 2009 and August 2011. The sensors recorded low frequency (1–40 Hz), short duration explosions consistent with magma bubble bursts from Hades,and broadband, 1–5 min duration signals associated with episodes of fragmentation degassing from Prometheus. Long-term eruptive degassing signals, recorded through May 2010, preceded a several …

Hydroacoustic Investigations Of Submarine Landslides At West Mata Volcano, Lau Basin, Jacqueline Caplan-Auerbach, R. P. Dziak, D. R. Bohnenstiehl, W. W. Chadwick, T. -K. Lau

Geology Faculty Publications

Submarine landslides are an important process in volcano growth yet are rarely observed and poorly understood. We show that landslides occur frequently in association with the eruption of West Mata volcano in the NE Lau Basin. These events are identifiable in hydroacoustic data recorded between ~5 and 20 km from the volcano and may be recognized in spectrograms by the weak and strong powers at specific frequencies generated by multipathing of sound waves. The summation of direct and surface-reflected arrivals causes interference patterns in the spectrum that change with time as the landslide propagates. Observed frequencies are consistent with propagation …

Izu-Bonin-Mariana Rear Arc: The Missing Half Of The Subduction Factory, Yoshihiko Tamura, Abigail K. Barker, Cathy J. Busby, Julien L.R. Berger, Peter Blum, Everton M. Bongiolo, Gilles Guèrin, Manuela Bordiga, Graham D.M. Andrews, Susan M. Debari, James B. Gill, Cedric Hamelin, Jihui Jia, Eleanor H. John, Ann-Sophie Jonas, Martin Jutzeler, Myriam A.C. Kars, Zachary A. Kita, Kevin Konrad, Susan H. Mahony, Michelangelo Martini, Takashi Miyazaki, Robert J. Musgrave, Debora B. Nascimento, Alexander R.L. Nichols, Julia M. Ribeiro, Tomoki Sato, Julie C. Schindlbeck, Axel K. Schmitt, Susanne M. Straub, Maryline J. Vautravers, Yang Yang

Geology Faculty Publications

4GT) lies in the western part of the Izu fore-arc basin, ~60 km east of the arc-front volcano Aogashima, ~170 km west of the axis of the Izu-Bonin Trench, 1.5 km west of Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 792, and at 1776 meters below sea level (mbsl). It was drilled as a 150 m deep geotechnical test hole for potential future deep drilling (5500 meters below seafloor [mbsf]) at proposed Site IBM-4 using the D/V Chikyu. Core from Site U1436 yielded a rich record of Late Pleistocene explosive volcanism, including distinctive black glassy mafic ash layers that may record large-volume …

The 2007 Nazko, British Columbia, Earthquake Sequence: Injection Of Magma Deep In The Crust Beneath The Anahim Volcanic Belt, J. F. Cassidy, N. Balfour, C. Hickson, H. Kao, R. White, Jacqueline Caplan-Auerbach, S. Mazzotti, G. C. Rogers, I. Al-Khoubbi, A. L. Bird, L. Esteban, M. Kelman, J. Hutchinson, D. Mccormack

Geology Faculty Publications

On 9 October 2007, an unusual sequence of earthquakes began in central British Columbia about 20 km west of the Nazko cone, the most recent (circa 7200 yr) volcanic center in the Anahim volcanic belt. Within 25 hr, eight earthquakes of magnitude 2.3–2.9 occurred in a region where no earthquakes had previously been recorded. During the next three weeks, more than 800 microearthquakes were located (and many more detected), most at a depth of 25–31 km and within a radius of about 5 km. After about two months, almost all activity ceased. The clear P- and S-wave arrivals …

Earthquake Triggering At Alaskan Volcanoes Following The 3 November 2002 Denali Fault Earthquake, Seth C. Moran, John A. Power, Scott D. Stihler, John J. Sa´Nchez, Jacqueline Caplan-Auerbach

Geology Faculty Publications

The 3 November 2002 M_W 7.9 Denali fault earthquake provided an excellent opportunity to investigate triggered earthquakes at Alaskan volcanoes. The Alaska Volcano Observatory operates short-period seismic networks on 24 historically active volcanoes in Alaska, 247–2159 km distant from the mainshock epicenter. We searched for evidence of triggered seismicity by examining the unfiltered waveforms for all stations in each volcano network for ~1 hr after the M_W 7.9 arrival time at each network and for significant increases in located earthquakes in the hours after the mainshock. We found compelling evidence for triggering only at the Katmai volcanic cluster …

Hugo:The Hawaii Undersea Geo-Observatory, Fred K. Duennebier, David Harris, James Jolly, Jacqueline Caplan-Auerbach, Robert Jordan, Kurt Stiffel, Jeff Bosel

Geology Faculty Publications

The Hawaii Undersea Geo-Observatory, HUGO, was installed with the intent of supplying infrastructure for researchers interested in studies of undersea volcanism and associated phenomena at Loihi, the newest volcano of the Hawaiian chain. Much like an astronomical observatory, HUGO is a facility where scientists can perform experiments while sharing resources with others. The main components of HUGO are the shore station, supplying power to the observatory and recording data; the main cable-an electro-optical cable connecting the shore station to the summit of Loihi; the Junction box-the power distribution and data collection center on Loihi; multiplexing (mux) nodes-secondary distribution points; and …