Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Keyword
-
- Caves (13)
- Paleontology (10)
- Animals (8)
- Fossils (8)
- Quaternary Palaeontology (8)
-
- Jamaica (5)
- Animal droppings (4)
- Caviomorpha (4)
- Island animals (4)
- Rodents (4)
- Bats (3)
- Geology (3)
- Puerto Rico (3)
- Vertebrates (3)
- Arizona (2)
- Evolution (2)
- Extinct mammals (2)
- Bones (1)
- Breathing apparatus-Design and construction (1)
- Carcharodon megalodon (1)
- Clidomys (1)
- Conservation (1)
- Cueva del Agua (1)
- Curaçao (1)
- Dominican Republic (1)
- Geomorphology Research (1)
- Great Britain (1)
- Historical geology (1)
- John Crow Mountains (1)
- Life Support Engineering Ltd. (1)
Articles 1 - 20 of 20
Full-Text Articles in Paleontology
A New Megalonychid Sloth From The Late Wisconsinan Of The Dominican Republic, Elizabeth Rega, Donald A. Mcfarlane, Joyce Lundberg, Keith Christenson
A New Megalonychid Sloth From The Late Wisconsinan Of The Dominican Republic, Elizabeth Rega, Donald A. Mcfarlane, Joyce Lundberg, Keith Christenson
WM Keck Science Faculty Papers
An unusually well preserved skull, mandible, and indisputably associated post-cranial elements of new sloth, Acratocnus (Miocnus), were recovered from a cave in Jaragua National Park, Dominican Republic. The animal died lying in a rimstone pool and was rapidly coated with a thin calcite patina. We have documented a late Wisconsinan age for this specimen by inorganic 14C radiometric dating of the patina, with supporting data on the carbon systematics of the speleothems in this cave. This sloth is described as a new species on the basis of the distinctive morphology and relative size of cranial and mandibular features. We consider …
A Middle Pleistocene Age And Biogeography For The Extinct Rodent Megalomys Curazensis From Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles, Donald A. Mcfarlane, Joyce Lundberg
A Middle Pleistocene Age And Biogeography For The Extinct Rodent Megalomys Curazensis From Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles, Donald A. Mcfarlane, Joyce Lundberg
WM Keck Science Faculty Papers
The extinct oryzomyine rodent Megalomys curazensis has been known from abundant but fragmentary remains on the island of Curaçao since 1959. Here we demonstrate an age of 130 000 to 400 000 years before present based on geomorphological context, and propose a biogeographical model for the genus.
Puerto Rican Karst - A Vital Resource, Ariel E. Lugo, Leopoldo Miranda Castro, Abel Vale, Tania Del Mar López, Enrique Hernández Prieto, Andrés García Martinó, Alberto R. Puente Rolón, Adrianne G. Tossas, Donald A. Mcfarlane, Tom Miller, Armando Rodríguez, Joyce Lundberg, John Thomlinson, José Colón, Johannes H. Schellekens, Olga Ramos, Eileen Helmer
Puerto Rican Karst - A Vital Resource, Ariel E. Lugo, Leopoldo Miranda Castro, Abel Vale, Tania Del Mar López, Enrique Hernández Prieto, Andrés García Martinó, Alberto R. Puente Rolón, Adrianne G. Tossas, Donald A. Mcfarlane, Tom Miller, Armando Rodríguez, Joyce Lundberg, John Thomlinson, José Colón, Johannes H. Schellekens, Olga Ramos, Eileen Helmer
WM Keck Science Faculty Papers
The limestone region of Puerto Rico covers about 27.5 percent of the island's surface and is subdivided into the northern, southern, and dispersed limestone areas. All limestone areas have karst features. The karst belt is that part of the northern limestone with the most spectacular surficial karst landforms. It covers 142,544 ha or 65 percent of the northern limestone. The karst belt is the focus of this publication, although reference is made to all limestone regions. The northern limestone contains Puerto Rico's most extensive freshwater aquifer, largest continuous expanse of mature forest, and largest coastal wetland, estuary, and underground cave …
A New Species Of Extinct Oryzomyine Rodent From The Quaternary Of Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles, Donald A. Mcfarlane, Adolphe O. Debrot
A New Species Of Extinct Oryzomyine Rodent From The Quaternary Of Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles, Donald A. Mcfarlane, Adolphe O. Debrot
WM Keck Science Faculty Papers
An extinct new species of Oryzomyine rodent, known since 1936 from the cave of Grot van Hato on the island of Curaçao, is described from abundant new specimens collected from owl-pellet deposits at three localities on the island.
The Age Of The Woolly Rhino From Dream Cave, Derbyshire, Uk, Donald A. Mcfarlane, Joyce Lundberg, Derek C. Ford
The Age Of The Woolly Rhino From Dream Cave, Derbyshire, Uk, Donald A. Mcfarlane, Joyce Lundberg, Derek C. Ford
WM Keck Science Faculty Papers
The Dream Cave woolly rhinoceros, Coelodonta antiquitatis, is a "classic" specimen of a "cold-stage" fossil fauna from central England. The find was illustrated and described by Dean William Buckland in his seminal tome Reliquiae Diluvianae (1823) during the first half of the 19th century, and made a significant contribution to the development of Buckland's views on the origin of extinct and extirpated fossil vertebrates. The report presents the first, albeit indirect, radiometric dates on the specimen, and argues that the animal fell into the cave just before 37,000 years BP, during the middle of Marine Isotope Stage 3 Interstadial (41 …
New Specimens Of Late Quaternary Extinct Mammals From Caves In Sanchez Ramirez Province, Dominican Republic, Donald A. Mcfarlane, Abel Vale, Keith Christenson, Joyce Lundberg, Gabriel Atilles, Stein Erik Lauritzen
New Specimens Of Late Quaternary Extinct Mammals From Caves In Sanchez Ramirez Province, Dominican Republic, Donald A. Mcfarlane, Abel Vale, Keith Christenson, Joyce Lundberg, Gabriel Atilles, Stein Erik Lauritzen
WM Keck Science Faculty Papers
During the late Quaternary, the island of Hispaniola supported one of the most diverse mammalian faunas in the West Indies. Much of this diversity was lost to extinction in the past 100,000 years, but the timing of these events is poorly known. Here we report the paleontological findings of a multidisciplinary investigation of caves in the central Dominican Republic. These findings include new 'last occurrence' dates for the rodents Isolobodon portoricensis and Brotomys cf. voratus that take these genera to the dawn of the historic era; a first record of a last-interglacial sloth, and the first report of the upper …
Late Quaternary Fossil Mammals And Last Occurrence Dates From Caves At Barahona, Puerto Rico, Donald A. Mcfarlane
Late Quaternary Fossil Mammals And Last Occurrence Dates From Caves At Barahona, Puerto Rico, Donald A. Mcfarlane
WM Keck Science Faculty Papers
Puerto Rico supported at least five genera of endemic terrestrial mammals in the late Quaternary, all of which are extinct. Whether these animals died out in the late Pleistocene, the mid-Holocene, or in post-Columbian time has not been established. This paper is the first attempt at radiometrically dating the 'last occurrences' of these taxa, together with the first unambiguous descriptions of localities reported by previous workers. Last occurrence dates for Nesophontes, Elasmodontomys and Heteropsomys are shown to be mid-Holocene and overlap with Amerindian occupation of the island. Acratocnus is known only from the late Pleistocene. No Puerto Rican taxon has …
New Caribbean Locality For The Extinct Great White Shark Carcharodon, Clare Flemming, Donald A. Mcfarlane
New Caribbean Locality For The Extinct Great White Shark Carcharodon, Clare Flemming, Donald A. Mcfarlane
WM Keck Science Faculty Papers
Carcharodon is represented by a single upper tooth (Fig. 1) which we extracted from the eroding Pliocene limestone wall, some six meters above the floor at the northern end of Darby Sink. Much of the tooth is missing, but the remaining portion includes features diagnostic of this genus. The tooth conforms in size and morphology to Carcharodon megalodon (Agassiz, 1843), an extinct great white shark.
A Second Pre-Wisconsinan Locality For The Extinct Jamaican Rodent, Clidomys (Rodentia: Heptaxodontidae), Donald A. Mcfarlane, Joyce Lundberg, Clare Flemming, Ross D. E. Macphee, Stein-Erik Lauritzen
A Second Pre-Wisconsinan Locality For The Extinct Jamaican Rodent, Clidomys (Rodentia: Heptaxodontidae), Donald A. Mcfarlane, Joyce Lundberg, Clare Flemming, Ross D. E. Macphee, Stein-Erik Lauritzen
WM Keck Science Faculty Papers
Clidomys is the most distinctive but least well known member of the late Quaternary terrestrial mammal fauna of Jamaica. Here we report the second dated locality for this genus. The Illinoisan age we report further strengthens arguments we have made elsewhere, that Clidomys represents an early - probably pre-Wisconsinan - extinction that contrasts with the growing record of Holocene extinctions in the Antilles.
The Age Of The Kirkdale Cave Palaeofauna, Donald A. Mcfarlane, Derek C. Ford
The Age Of The Kirkdale Cave Palaeofauna, Donald A. Mcfarlane, Derek C. Ford
WM Keck Science Faculty Papers
The Kirkdale Cave palaeofauna represents the original and classic 'warm', interglacial mammalian cave deposit in Britain. Although long considered to be 'Ipswichian' in age, no previous attempts to obtain radiometric dates have been recorded. Here we report a uranium-series disequilibrium date of 121,000 ± 4000 yr BP on a flowstone capping that overlay the original bone bed. The precision of the date exceeds that obtained at any other British Interglacial cave site, and permits tentative correlation with the high precision ice core records now available.
Jamaican Cave Vertebrates, Donald A. Mcfarlane
Jamaican Cave Vertebrates, Donald A. Mcfarlane
WM Keck Science Faculty Papers
Limestone caves in the tropics are typically associated with a more diverse assemblage of vertebrates than are caves in temperate regions. Chapman [87] for example, has reported 37 species from the caves of Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak, whereas Bailey [43] lists only 13 for the equally cavernicolous Guadeloupe Mountains National Park, New Mexico, USA. Twenty-eight vertebrate species have been recorded from Jamaican caves. The relative importance of the five Classes differ in these three areas as shown in Table 1 (overleaf).
Bones Of Puffinus Lherminieri Lesson (Aves: Procellaridae) And Two Other Vertebrates From Cueva Del Agua, Mona Isalnd, Puerto Rico (West Indies), Angel M. Nieves-Rivera, John M. Mylroie, Donald A. Mcfarlane
Bones Of Puffinus Lherminieri Lesson (Aves: Procellaridae) And Two Other Vertebrates From Cueva Del Agua, Mona Isalnd, Puerto Rico (West Indies), Angel M. Nieves-Rivera, John M. Mylroie, Donald A. Mcfarlane
WM Keck Science Faculty Papers
From a dive in Cueva del Agua, Mona Island, Puerto Rico, twelve un-mineralized bones of Puffinus Lherminieri Lesson, one of Cyclura stejnegeri Stejneger, and one of Moormops blainvilii Leach were collected. The subfossil evidence confirms that P. Lherminieri was a common species on Mona Island. Cyclura stejnegeri and M. blainvilii probably became trapped and died in the pool chamber.
Body Size In Amblyrhiza Inundata (Rodentia, Caviomorpha), An Extinct Megafaunal Rodent From The Anguilla Bank, West Indies: Estimates And Implications, Audrone R. Biknevicius, Donald A. Mcfarlane, Ross D. E. Macphee
Body Size In Amblyrhiza Inundata (Rodentia, Caviomorpha), An Extinct Megafaunal Rodent From The Anguilla Bank, West Indies: Estimates And Implications, Audrone R. Biknevicius, Donald A. Mcfarlane, Ross D. E. Macphee
WM Keck Science Faculty Papers
Rodent species typically evolve larger mean body sizes when isolated on islands, but the extinct caviomorph Amblyrhiza inundata, known only from Quaternary cave deposits on the islands of Anguilla and St. Martin (northern Lesser Antilles), provides an unusually dramatic example of insular gigantism. Here we report on a series of body mass estimates for Amblyrhiza using predictive equations based on anteroposterior diameters and cortical cross-sectional areas of humeral and femoral diaphyses. Analyses of 14 isolated specimens (5 femoral, 9 humeral), all representing adult or near adult animals, yield body mass estimates ranging from slightly less than 50 kg to more …
Amblyrhiza And The Vertebrate Paleontology Of Anguillean Caves, Donald A. Mcfarlane, Ross D. E. Macphee
Amblyrhiza And The Vertebrate Paleontology Of Anguillean Caves, Donald A. Mcfarlane, Ross D. E. Macphee
WM Keck Science Faculty Papers
Recorded interest in the caves of Anguilla dates back to the second half of the nineteenth century. The earliest explorations were concerned with the locating phosphatic cave earths, and resulted in the mining of several sites. Incidental to this work, the bones of the largest island rodent ever discovered were collected from Aguillan caves. Whereas the phosphate mining operations were short-lived, the remains of the giant rodent Amblyrhiza have catalyzed a continued interest in the caves of Anguilla. The most recent series of explorations have provided the first adequate documentation of Amhlyrhiza fossil sites, and have started to yield radiometric …
Carbon And Nitrogen Isotopic Signatures Of Bat Guanos As A Record Of Past Environments, Hiroshi Mizutani, Donald A. Mcfarlane, Yuko Kabaya
Carbon And Nitrogen Isotopic Signatures Of Bat Guanos As A Record Of Past Environments, Hiroshi Mizutani, Donald A. Mcfarlane, Yuko Kabaya
WM Keck Science Faculty Papers
Carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios were measured for various ecogeochemical samples relevant to bat guano ecosystems. In particular, ca. 800-year-old subfossil guano from Jackson's Bay Cave Compex, Jamaica, yielded ratios similar to the modern guano from other Jamaican bat caves but quite different from modern guano of the same area. Diagenetic change and differences in bat food habits were unlikely explanations for the observation. Instead, insects that feed on C4 and CAM plants were the main prey for the bats in present Jackson's Bay area, while the ultimate source of organic matter for bats in other Jamaican caves and for …
Nitrogen And Carbon Isotope Studies Of A Bat Guano Core From Eagle Creek Cave, Arizona, Usa, Hiroshi Mizutani, Donald A. Mcfarlane, Yuko Kabaya
Nitrogen And Carbon Isotope Studies Of A Bat Guano Core From Eagle Creek Cave, Arizona, Usa, Hiroshi Mizutani, Donald A. Mcfarlane, Yuko Kabaya
WM Keck Science Faculty Papers
Nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios were studied in a stratified deposit of guano of Mexican Free-tailed bats in Eagle Creek Cave, Arizona, U.S.A. Little diagenetic change was observed over the 25-year time span of the guano deposit. High aridity and reduced circulation of air in the cave are hypothesized to have slowed the normally rapid decomposition of the excreta and the subsequent escape of resultant ammonia. The results suggest the high dependency of the speed of diagenetic change on specific physical and other conditions of the caves and indicate that great care need be exercised in the interpretation of the …
The Prey Of Common Barn Owls (Tyto Alba) In Dry Limestone Scrub Forest Of Southern Jamaica, Donald A. Mcfarlane, Kimball L. Garrett
The Prey Of Common Barn Owls (Tyto Alba) In Dry Limestone Scrub Forest Of Southern Jamaica, Donald A. Mcfarlane, Kimball L. Garrett
WM Keck Science Faculty Papers
A collection of common barn-owl (Tyto alba Scopoli) pellets from caves on the Portland Ridge of Jamaica reveals that whereas introduced rodents constitute approximately 90% of the total prey, bats and birds are also frequent prey items. Of the bats, frugivorous species predominate with Ariteus flavescens Gray and Artibeus jamaicensis Leach accounting for the largest portion of the bat prey. Insectivorous bats are markedly under-represented with respect to the known diversity of insectivorous species in the habitat.
The Quaternary Bone Caves And Associated Sites At Wallingford, Jamaica, Donald A. Mcfarlane, R. E. Gledhill
The Quaternary Bone Caves And Associated Sites At Wallingford, Jamaica, Donald A. Mcfarlane, R. E. Gledhill
WM Keck Science Faculty Papers
A group of caves associated with the sink of the One Eye River in St. Elizabeth Parish, Jamaica, have been the subject of numerous important palaeontological investigations beginning 1919. Unfortunately, considerable confusion has arisen in the literature through inadequate documentation of different sites. The caves of the immediate area are described and located, and their palaeontological significance is summarised in the light of recent taxonomic review and relevant geochronological evidence.
The Design Of Oxygen Rebreather Equipment For Use In Foul-Air Speleology, Donald A. Mcfarlane
The Design Of Oxygen Rebreather Equipment For Use In Foul-Air Speleology, Donald A. Mcfarlane
WM Keck Science Faculty Papers
The design of a lightweight oxygen rebreather set suitable for short duration explorations in foul-air caves is described, together with a discussion of its performance, limitations, and possible improvement.
Liverpool University Expedition To Jamaica, Donald A. Mcfarlane
Liverpool University Expedition To Jamaica, Donald A. Mcfarlane
WM Keck Science Faculty Papers
During summer 1977, five members of the Liverpool University Potholing Club spent six weeks working and exploring in the caves of Jamaica. The team consisted of Don McFarlane, John Dye, Malcolm Macduff, Mike Roger and Barry Williams, all of whom contributed to this report. The expedition base was at Troy, where the villagers are owed a debt of gratitude for their hospitality. This placed the expedition in the heart of the cave region, and a number of new caves and shafts were discovered and explored. The main discovery was the Still Waters Cave, located near Accompong, where 11,800 feet of …