Databases and Information Systems Commons^™

Strategic Research On Information Technology Promoting National Governance Modernization—Review On The S70th Xiangshan Science Conferences, Chao Zhang, Weiyu Duan, Kaihua Chen, Xiaoguang Yang, Yuntao Long

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

This study systematically summarizes the reports and speeches of the S70th Xiangshan Science Conferences on the theme of “Strategic Research on Information Technology Promoting the National Governance Modernization” and summarizes the consensus of the conference in the following three aspects. (1) Important progress and achievements have been made in the four typical areas, i.e., smart justice, internet governance, data governance, and emergency management. (2) Using information technology to promote the modernization of national governance is confronted with unprecedented opportunities and challenges. And (3) it is necessary to take a series of effective measures to promote information technology to facilitate the …

Reducing Food Scarcity: The Benefits Of Urban Farming, S.A. Claudell, Emilio Mejia

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

Urban farming can enhance the lives of communities and help reduce food scarcity. This paper presents a conceptual prototype of an efficient urban farming community that can be scaled for a single apartment building or an entire community across all global geoeconomics regions, including densely populated cities and rural, developing towns and communities. When deployed in coordination with smart crop choices, local farm support, and efficient transportation then the result isn’t just sustainability, but also increasing fresh produce accessibility, optimizing nutritional value, eliminating the use of ‘forever chemicals’, reducing transportation costs, and fostering global environmental benefits.

Imagine Doris, who is …

On Digital Productivity Base Of Policies For Cross-Border Data Flows Between Rcep Parties And Its Influences—Taking Digital Integration Index As A Reference, Gui Huang, Ru Tao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

This study reviews the newest legislation and policies of Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) participating countries on cross-border data flow, and then categorized them according to the ban on data transfer, local storage of data, permission-based regulation, and standards-based regulation. By referring to the indexes in the ASEAN Digital Integration Index, the subject and object factors of digital productivity in RCEP parities are sorted out, as well as the status quo of digital economy. Through the introduction of data value chain theory, the decisive impact of digital productivity factors on the policy formulation of cross-border data flow is expounded; by …

Paradigm Review Of Data Localization In India And Its Implications For China, Ying Fan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Data localization is a focal point of global data governance and its impact on global data governance is no longer confined to a single country. Over the years, India has followed a unique policy framework in terms of cross-border data flows and data localization, and its insistence on data sovereignty reflects its position in the international arena. This study uses the Indian data localization paradigm as a research base to discuss the common phenomenon of disconnect between policy motivations and practical effects of data localization, and as an entry point to introduce the latest Indian research findings in this area. …

Research On Multi-Source Heterogeneous Big Data Fusion Based On Wsr, Aihua Li, Weijia Xu, Yong Shi

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In the era of multi-source heterogeneous big data, big data presents new features such as cross, diversity and variability. The applications of big data in a wider range of fields have new requirements for data fusion. Under this background, the connotation of data fusion is enriched and expanded. The generalized data fusion includes the fusion of data resources, the fusion of model methods, and the fusion of decision-makers' knowledge and experience. This study analyzes the characteristics of multi-source heterogeneous data fusion at three different fusion levels: data level, information level and decision level, and discusses challenges for data fusion in …

Development And Issues Of Biotech Seed Industry In China, Peijuan Chi, Hualing Xie, Ping Zhao, Fang Chen, Ning Wu, Zhixi Tian, Weicai Yang, Yanping Yang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Biotech seed industry is a strategic core industry. Biotechnology combined with digital technology has promoted the seed industry into an intelligent era, and the breeding paradigm has changed from “experimental selection” to “computational selection”. Biotech seed industry has become a research and development intensive industry, and the market is highly concentrated, which is controlled by large multinational enterprises. The scientific and technological output of China and the United States is in the first echelon, and the number of papers and authorized patents ranks among the top two in the world. From the perspective of core competitiveness, the United States is …

Trend Observation: Analysis On Development Trend Of Precision Medicine

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Big Data Technology Enabling Legal Supervision, Qingjie Liu, Shuo Liu, Yirong Wu, Yueqiang Weng, Yihao Wen, Ming Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Legal supervision plays an important role in the national governance system and capacity. In the era of digital revolution, the rapid development of digital procuratorial work with big data legal supervision as the core promotes to reshape the legal supervision and governance system. In this study, the inherent need of legal supervision for active prosecution in the new era, and the innovative role of new public interest litigation in comprehensive social governance, are firstly analyzed. Then, the core meaning and reshaping role of big-data-enabling-legalsupervision and supervision-promoting-national-governance of digital prosecution are discussed. After summarizing the practical experiences and challenges of big …

Promoting Infrastructure Construction In Advance To Support Sci-Tech Self-Reliance And Self-Strengthening At Higher Level, Yang Wang, Yuanchun Zhou, Yanguang Wang, Jianhui Li, Fazhi Qi, Honglin He, Fangyu Liao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The research infrastructure is the basic and strategic platform of scientific and technological innovation. In the last decade, China's research infrastructure has achieved leapfrog development in the level of observation, manufacturing, management, data acquisition, data sharing and utilization, which supports China's scientific and technological innovation activities at a higher level. Looking into the future, the scientific research paradigm is transforming. The network, data, and computing platform will not only support the development of major science and technology infrastructure and field stations in larger, more accurate, and more advanced approach, but also contribute to the transformation of scientific research paradigm. It …

Thoughts On Data-Driven Discursive Logic And Triangulation Of Think Tank, Jianjun Sun, Lei Pei, Yaxue Ma, Yang Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The rapid accumulation of data resources and the development of analysis technologies have expanded the scope of think tank research, and prompted think tanks to pay more attention to data intelligence. Meanwhile, higher requirements are put forward on the quality and innovation of the think tank. Facing the development needs of think tanks, i.e., modernization, innovation, and conscientization, this paper demonstrates the change of data-driven think tank researches from the perspective of the information chain. The paper analyzes the urgent need to reshape the discursive logic of the think tank, and discusses the construction scheme of triangulation for data-driven think …

Ready, Willing, And Able, Gerry Boyle

Colby Magazine

So what gives? How, after four years on Mayflower Hill, do these Colby alumni have an outsized impact in a fintech company that is focused on, for example, changing the way municipal bonds are traded? What makes them able to dive in and figure it out? “That’s part of the liberal arts education,” said Associate Professor of History John Turner, who taught Tagg Martin ’13, history major turned MarketAxess go-to analyst. “You’re always learning. … You are always going to be mastering something, as opposed to having mastered.”

Service Quality Monitoring In Confined Spaces Through Mining Twitter Data, Mohammad Masoud Rahimi, Elham Naghizade, Mark Stevenson, Stephan Winter

Journal of Spatial Information Science

Promoting public transport depends on adapting effective tools for concurrent monitoring of perceived service quality. Social media feeds, in general, provide an opportunity to ubiquitously look for service quality events, but when applied to confined geographic area such as a transport node, the sparsity of concurrent social media data leads to two major challenges. Both the limited number of social media messages--leading to biased machine-learning--and the capturing of bursty events in the study period considerably reduce the effectiveness of general event detection methods. In contrast to previous work and to face these challenges, this paper presents a hybrid solution based …

The Impact Of Urban Road Network Morphology On Pedestrian Wayfinding Behaviour, Debjit Bhowmick, Stephan Winter, Mark Stevenson, Peter Vortisch

Journal of Spatial Information Science

During wayfinding pedestrians do not always choose the shortest available route. Instead, route choices are guided by several well-known wayfinding strategies or heuristics. These heuristics minimize cognitive effort and usually lead to satisfactory route choices. Our previous study evaluated the costs of four well-known pedestrian wayfinding heuristics and their variation across nine network morphologies. It was observed that the variation in the cost of these wayfinding heuristics increased with an increase in the irregularity of the network, indicating that people may opt for more diverse heuristics while walking through relatively regular networks, and may prefer specific heuristics in the relatively …

How Does Socio-Economic And Demographic Dissimilarity Determine Physical And Virtual Segregation?, Michael Dorman, Tal Svoray, Itai Kloog

Journal of Spatial Information Science

It is established that socio-economic and demographic dissimilarities between populations are determinants of spatial segregation. However, the understanding of how such dissimilarities translate into actual segregation is limited. We propose a novel network-analysis approach to comprehensively study the determinants of communicative and mobility-related spatial segregation, using geo-tagged Twitter data. We constructed weighted spatial networks representing tie strength between geographical areas, then modeled tie formation as a function of socio-economic and demographic dissimilarity between areas. Physical and virtual tie formation were affected by income, age, and race differences, although these effects were smaller by an order of magnitude than the geographical …

Geocomputation 2019 Special Feature, Antoni Moore, Mark Gahegan

Journal of Spatial Information Science

No abstract provided.

Modelling Orebody Structures: Block Merging Algorithms And Block Model Spatial Restructuring Strategies Given Mesh Surfaces Of Geological Boundaries, Raymond Leung

Journal of Spatial Information Science

This paper describes a framework for capturing geological structures in a 3D block model and improving its spatial fidelity, including the correction of stratigraphic, mineralisation and other types of boundaries, given new mesh surfaces. Using surfaces that represent geological boundaries, the objectives are to identify areas where refinement is needed, increase spatial resolution to minimise surface approximation error, reduce redundancy to increase the compactness of the model and identify the geological domain on a block-by-block basis. These objectives are fulfilled by four system components which perform block-surface overlap detection, spatial structure decomposition, sub-blocks consolidation and block tagging, respectively. The main …

Big Issues For Big Data: Challenges For Critical Spatial Data Analytics, Chris Brunsdon, Alexis Comber

Journal of Spatial Information Science

In this paper we consider some of the issues of working with big data and big spatial data and highlight the need for an open and critical framework. We focus on a set of challenges underlying the collection and analysis of big data. In particular, we consider 1) inference when working with usually biased big data, challenging the assumed inferential superiority of data with observations, n, approaching N, the population n -> N. We also emphasise 2) the need for analyses that answer questions of practical significance or with greater emphasis on the size of the effect, rather than the …

Route Schematization With Landmarks, Marcelo De Lima Galvao, Jakub Krukar, Martin Noellenburg, Angela Schwering

Journal of Spatial Information Science

Predominant navigation applications make use of a turn-by-turn instructions approach and are mostly supported by small screen devices. This combination does little to improve users' orientation or spatial knowledge acquisition. Considering this limitation, we propose a route schematization method aimed for small screen devices to facilitate the readability of route information and survey knowledge acquisition. Current schematization methods focus on the route path and ignore context information, specially polygonal landmarks (such as lakes, parks, and regions), which is crucial for promoting orientation. Our schematization method, in addition to the route path, takes as input: adjacent streets, point-like landmarks, and polygonal …

Local Modelling: One Size Does Not Fit All, A. Stewart Fotheringham

Journal of Spatial Information Science

This editorial piece considers what happens when we abandon the concept that models of social processes have global application in favor of a local approach in which context or the influence of 'place' has an important role. A brief history of this local approach to statistical modelling is given, followed by a consideration of its ramifications for understanding societal issues. The piece concludes with futures challenges and prospects in this area.

Indigeneity And Spatial Information Science, Matt Duckham, Serene Ho

Journal of Spatial Information Science

Spatial information science has given rise to a set of concepts, tools, and techniques for understanding our geographic world. In turn, the technologies built on this body of knowledge embed certain ways of knowing." This vision paper traces the roots and impacts of those embeddings and explores how they can sometimes be inherently at odds with or completely subvert Indigenous Peoples' ways of knowing. However advancements in spatial information science offer opportunities for innovation whilst working towards reconciliation. We highlight as examples four active research topics in the field to support a call to action for greater inclusion of Indigenous …

Inferring Movement Patterns From Geometric Similarity, Maike Buchin, Carola Wenk

Journal of Spatial Information Science

Spatial movement data nowadays is becoming ubiquitously available, including data of animals, vehicles and people. This data allows us to analyze the underlying movement. In particular, it allows us to infer movement patterns, such as recurring places and routes. Many methods to do so rely on the notion of similarity of places or routes. Here we briefly survey how research on this has developed in the past 15 years and outline challenges for future work.

Why Are Events Important And How To Compute Them In Geospatial Research?, May Yuan

Journal of Spatial Information Science

Geospatial research has long centered around objects. While attention to events is growing rapidly, events remain objectified in spatial databases. This paper aims to highlight the importance of events in scientific inquiries and overview general event-based approaches to data modeling and computing. As machine learning algorithms and big data become popular in geospatial research, many studies appear to be the products of convenience with readily adaptable data and codes rather than curiosity. By asking why events are important and how to compute events in geospatial research, the author intends to provoke thinking into the rationale and conceptual basis of event-based …

Integrated Science Of Movement, Urska Demsar, Jed A. Long, Katarzyna Sila-Nowicka

Journal of Spatial Information Science

Recent technological advances in movement data acquisition have enabled researchers in many disciplines to study movement at increasingly detailed spatial and temporal scales. Yet there is little overlap in the sharing of methods and models between disciplines, despite similar research objectives and data models. Attempts to bridge this gap are leading towards the establishment of an overarching interdisciplinary science, termed the Integrated Science of Movement. Here we present opportunities and challenges of this process and outline the crucial role that GIScience as a discipline with a focus on space, place, and time can play in the integrated science of movement.

From Spatial To Platial - The Role And Future Of Immersive Technologies In The Spatial Sciences, Alexander Klippel

Journal of Spatial Information Science

Immersive technologies such as virtual and augmented reality have been part of the technology mindset in computer and geospatial sciences early on. The promise of delivering realistic experiences to the human senses that are not bound by physical reality has inspired generations of scientists and entrepreneurs alike. However, the vision for immersive experiences has been in stark contrast to the ability to deliver at the technology end; the community has battled nuisances such as cybersickness, tethers, and the uncanny valley for the last decades. With the 'final wave' of immersive technologies, we are now able to fulfill a long-held promise …

Thinking Spatial, Mohamed F. Mokbel

Journal of Spatial Information Science

The systems community in both academia and industry has tremendous success in building widely used general purpose systems for various types of data and applications. Examples include database systems, big data systems, data streaming systems, and machine learning systems. The vast majority of these systems are ill equipped in terms of supporting spatial data. The main reason is that system builders mostly think of spatial data as just one more type of data. Any spatial support can be considered as an afterthought problem that can be supported via on-top functions or spatial cartridges that can be added to the already …

Cartographic Generalization, Monika Sester

Journal of Spatial Information Science

This short paper gives a subjective view on cartographic generalization, its achievements in the past, and the challenges it faces in the future.

Josis' 10th Anniversary Special Feature: Part Two, Benjamin Adams, Somayeh Dodge, Ross Purves

Journal of Spatial Information Science

No abstract provided.

Building And Using Digital Libraries For Etds, Edward A. Fox

The Journal of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Despite the high value of electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs), the global collection has seen limited use. To extend such use, a new approach to building digital libraries (DLs) is needed. Fortunately, recent decades have seen that a vast amount of “gray literature” has become available through a diverse set of institutional repositories as well as regional and national libraries and archives. Most of the works in those collections include ETDs and are often freely available in keeping with the open-access movement, but such access is limited by the services of supporting information systems. As explained through a set of …

An Analysis Of Technological Components In Relation To Privacy In A Smart City, Kayla Rutherford, Ben Lands, A. J. Stiles

James Madison Undergraduate Research Journal (JMURJ)

A smart city is an interconnection of technological components that store, process, and wirelessly transmit information to enhance the efficiency of applications and the individuals who use those applications. Over the course of the 21st century, it is expected that an overwhelming majority of the world’s population will live in urban areas and that the number of wireless devices will increase. The resulting increase in wireless data transmission means that the privacy of data will be increasingly at risk. This paper uses a holistic problem-solving approach to evaluate the security challenges posed by the technological components that make up a …

Mapping And Describing Geospatial Data To Generalize Complex Models: The Case Of Littosim-Gen, Ahmed Laatabi, Nicolas Becu, Nicolas Marilleau, Cécilia Pignon-Mussaud, Marion Amalric, Xavier Bertin, Brice Anselme, Elise Beck

International Journal of Geospatial and Environmental Research

For some scientific questions, empirical data are essential to develop reliable simulation models. These data usually come from different sources with diverse and heterogeneous formats. The design of complex data-driven models is often shaped by the structure of the data available in research projects. Hence, applying such models to other case studies requires either to get similar data or to transform new data to fit the model inputs. It is the case of agent-based models (ABMs) that use advanced data structures such as Geographic Information Systems data. We faced this problem in the LittoSIM-GEN project when generalizing our participatory flooding …