Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

The Interactions Of Relationships, Interest, And Self-Efficacy In Undergraduate Physics, Remy Dou

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This collected papers dissertation explores students’ academic interactions in an active learning, introductory physics settings as they relate to the development of physics self-efficacy and interest. The motivation for this work extends from the national call to increase participation of students in the pursuit of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) careers. Self-efficacy and interest are factors that play prominent roles in popular, evidence-based, career theories, including the Social cognitive career theory (SCCT) and the identity framework. Understanding how these constructs develop in light of the most pervasive characteristic of the active learning introductory physics classroom (i.e., peer-to-peer interactions) has …

Laboratory Model Of Magnetic Frictionless Flywheel And Hoverboard, Angel J. Gutarra-Leon, Vincent Cordrey, Walerian Majewski

Exigence

We constructed a ring Halbach array of strong NdBeB grade 52 arc-segment magnets, with magnetizations chosen to create a one-sided magnet with the field magnified on the flat side. We investigated a repulsive axial levitating forces and associated circumferential drag forces acting on an assembly of inductors suspended above the rotating array. After measuring induced currents, voltages and magnetic fields in the individual inductors (in the form of short solenoids) of our induction wheels, we investigated the dependence of lift/drag forces on the speed of relative rotation of magnets and inductors. The ratio of lift to drag increases uniformly with …

Radiation Reaction: Or How I Learned To Stop Worrying And Love E&M, Alexander R. Kaufman

Summer Research

Here we present some approaches to understanding the Abraham-Lotentz-Dirac equation and their features. And a behavior found in numerical solutions to the 1-dimensional ALD in a co-moving reference frame for a single charged particle in a Coulombic field.

Grasping The Void: Immersion Tactics Using Gesture Controlled Physics Interaction Systems In Virtual Reality, Avery Rapson

Senior Independent Study Theses

This thesis uses the HTC Vive in Unity to compare two different types of object interaction systems in order to determine the effectiveness of physics based interaction systems in a virtual environment. The research problem that motivates this project is the fact that there is no standardized method for defining successful object interaction techniques in VR. There are numerous interaction techniques in VR that fall short of simulating realistic object interaction. This project explores a physics based interaction system and examines how effective it is by comparing it to a non-physics based system. A model house with various interactable objects …

Holographic Scaling In Newtonian Gravity, Emma Machado

Honors Theses

Many high school and college students are required to take physics, but few actually learn to discover the mysteries of the field, because they are too busy trying to memorize equations and solve "plug and chug" style problems. Looking into the calculations and equations of physics, a holography can be seen within the subject. This holography can be discovered and made accessible to general physics students, by studying the duality that exists between Electricity and Gravity. Furthermore, the concept of mass in physics (M_ADM) can be calculated, within this holography, for various black holes along with the …

The Philosophy And Physics Of Time Travel: The Possibility Of Time Travel, Ramitha Rupasinghe

Honors Capstone Projects

Time travel to the past is an alluring subject for many science fiction writers but is it really science fiction or is there a way to make it happen, possibly in the distant future? In the world of physics, time travel to the future has already been accomplished but time travel to the past seems to be a subject of controversy. Similarly, both philosophers and physicists cannot completely agree on one fundamental question about time: what is it? In this interdisciplinary project, I will explore the fundamental nature of time as a building block to help me understand time travel. …

Search For Single Production Of Vector-Like Quarks Decaying Into A B Quark And A W Boson In Proton–Proton Collisions At √S=13 Tev, M M. Baarmand, Vallary Bhopatkar, Stefano Colafranceschi, Marcus Hohlmann, D Noonan, Tuhin S. Roy, Francisco X. Yumiceva, Cms Collaboration

Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications

A search is presented for a heavy vector-like quark, decaying into a b quark and a W boson, which is produced singly in association with a light flavor quark and a b quark. The analysis is performed using a data sample of proton–proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of s=13TeV collected at the LHC in 2015. The data set used in the analysis corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 2.3fb−1. The search is carried out using events containing one electron or muon, at least one b-tagged jet with large transverse momentum, at least one jet in the forward region of …

Cross Section Measurement Of T-Channel Single Top Quark Production In Pp Collisions At √S=13 Tev, M M. Baarmand, Vallary Bhopatkar, Stefano Colafranceschi, Marcus Hohlmann, D Noonan, Tuhin S. Roy, Francisco X. Yumiceva, Cms Collaboration

Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications

The cross section for the production of single top quarks in the t channel is measured in proton–proton collisions at 13TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The analyzed data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 2.2fb−1. The event selection requires one muon and two jets where one of the jets is identified as originating from a bottom quark. Several kinematic variables are then combined into a multivariate discriminator to distinguish signal from background events. A fit to the distribution of the discriminating variable yields a total cross section of 238±13(stat)±29(syst) pb and a ratio of top quark and …

Search For Dijet Resonances In Proton–Proton Collisions At S=13tev And Constraints On Dark Matter And Other Models, A. M. Sirunyan, Marc M. Baarmand, Vallary Bhopatkar, Stefano Colafranceschi, Marcus Hohlmann, Daniel Noonan, Tuhin S. Roy, F. Yumiceva, The Cms Collaboration

Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications

A search is presented for narrow resonances decaying to dijet final states in proton–proton collisions at s=13TeV using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 12.9 fb−1. The dijet mass spectrum is well described by a smooth parameterization and no significant evidence for the production of new particles is observed. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are reported on the production cross section for narrow resonances with masses above 0.6 TeV. In the context of specific models, the limits exclude string resonances with masses below 7.4 TeV, scalar diquarks below 6.9 TeV, axigluons and colorons below 5.5 TeV, excited quarks …

Measurement Of The Wz Production Cross Section In Pp Collisions At S=13 Tev, M M. Baarmand, Vallary Bhopatkar, Stefano Colafranceschi, Marcus Hohlmann, D Noonan, Tuhin S. Roy, Francisco X. Yumiceva, Cms Collaboration

Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications

The WZ production cross section in proton–proton collisions at s=13 TeV is measured with the CMS experiment at the LHC using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 fb−1. The measurement is performed in the leptonic decay modes WZ→ℓνℓ′ℓ′, where ℓ,ℓ′=e,μ. The measured cross section for the range 60

Measurement Of The Cross Section For Electroweak Production Of Zγ In Association With Two Jets And Constraints On Anomalous Quartic Gauge Couplings In Proton–Proton Collisions At S=8 Tev, M M. Baarmand, Vallary Bhopatkar, Stefano Colafranceschi, Marcus Hohlmann, D Noonan, Tuhin S. Roy, Francisco X. Yumiceva, Cms Collaboration

Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications

A measurement is presented of the cross section for the electroweak production of a Z boson and a photon in association with two jets in proton–proton collisions at s=8 TeV. The Z bosons are identified through their decays to electron or muon pairs. The measurement is based on data collected with the CMS detector corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb−1. The electroweak contribution has a significance of 3.0 standard deviations, and the measured fiducial cross section is 1.86−0.75 +0.90(stat)−0.26 +0.34(syst)±0.05(lumi) fb, while the summed electroweak and quantum chromodynamic total cross section in the same region is observed to …

Coherent J/Ψ Photoproduction In Ultra-Peripheral Pbpb Collisions At Snn=2.76tev With The Cms Experiment, V. Khachatryan, Marc M. Baarnabd, Vallary Bhopatkar, Stefano Colafranceschi, Marcus Hohlmann, H. Kalakhety, Daniel Noonan, Tuhin S. Roy, F. Yumiceva, The Cms Collaboration

Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications

The cross section for coherent J/ψ photoproduction accompanied by at least one neutron on one side of the interaction point and no neutron activity on the other side, Xn0n, is measured with the CMS experiment in ultra-peripheral PbPb collisions at sNN=2.76TeV. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 159μb−1, collected during the 2011 PbPb run. The J/ψ mesons are reconstructed in the dimuon decay channel, while neutrons are detected using zero degree calorimeters. The measured cross section is dσXn0n coh/dy(J/ψ)=0.36±0.04(stat)±0.04(syst) mb in the rapidity interval 1.8<|y|<2.3. Using a model for the relative rate of coherent photoproduction processes, this Xn0n measurement gives a total coherent photoproduction cross section of dσcoh/dy(J/ψ)=1.82±0.22(stat)±0.20(syst)±0.19(theo) mb. The data strongly disfavor the impulse approximation model prediction, indicating that nuclear effects are needed to describe coherent J/ψ photoproduction in γ+Pb interactions. The data are found to be consistent with the leading twist approximation, which includes nuclear gluon shadowing.

Search For Top Squark Pair Production In Compressed-Mass-Spectrum Scenarios In Proton-Proton Collisions At S=8 Tev Using The Αt Variable, M M. Baarmand, Vallary Bhopatkar, Stefano Colafranceschi, Marcus Hohlmann, H Kalakhety, D Noonan, Tuhin S. Roy, Francisco X. Yumiceva, Cms Collaboration

Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications

An inclusive search is performed for supersymmetry in final states containing jets and an apparent imbalance in transverse momentum, p→T miss, due to the production of unobserved weakly interacting particles in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The data, recorded with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC, correspond to an integrated luminosity of 18.5 fb−1. The dimensionless kinematic variable αT is used to discriminate between events with genuine p→T miss associated with unobserved particles and spurious values of p→T miss arising from jet energy mismeasurements. No excess of event yields above the expected standard model backgrounds …

Measurement Of The Differential Inclusive B+ Hadron Cross Sections In Pp Collisions At √S=13 Tev, Vardan Khachatryan, Marc M. Baarmand, Vallary Bhoptkar, S. Colafranceschi, Marcus Hohlmann, Daniel Noonan, Tuhin S. Roy, Francisco Yumiceva, The Cms Collaboration

Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications

The differential cross sections for inclusive production of B+ hadrons are measured as a function of the B+ transverse momentum pT B and rapidity yB in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, using data collected by the CMS experiment that correspond to an integrated luminosity of 48.1 pb−1. The measurement uses the exclusive decay channel B+→J/ψK+, with J/ψ mesons that decay to a pair of muons. The results show a reasonable agreement with theoretical calculations within the uncertainties.

Math And Physics Activities, Maureen Miller, Hope Bragg, Christy Keefer

Integrated Math & Social Studies Lessons

Mathematics is at the core of the Hidden Figures story. These women were united by their passion for the field of mathematics. Society often portrays that there are “bad” math students, those that struggle with calculations and applications. The structure of these activities, pairing of students, permits students to support each other in working through the problems. The video clip allows students to establish connections between mathematical calculations and scientific concepts. The physics problems that students complete are motion problems that beginning rocket engineers would have solved to determine how high their rocket flew.

On Marie Curie And Me, Sharon L. Stephenson

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

When people discover I am a nuclear physicist, they often say, "Oh, like Marie Curie!" And yes, I am like Marie in that I have woman parts, I study nuclei, I have two children and a physicist husband. But had I lived in her time, I would not have been that rare female admitted to the Sorbonne. I could not have quietly made the top scores on the math and physics examinations. I am impulsive and thin-skinned, my occasional cleverness passing for deeper talent. I would probably have been a cleaning girl, pregnant at 15, unable to speak any language …

The Mainstream Scientific Community Is Open To Incremental But Not Holistic Ideas, Maurice Goodman

Articles

NeuroQuantology

doi: 10.14704/nq.2017.15.2.1041

Isoscalar 𝜋𝜋 Scattering And The Σ Meson Resonance From Qcd, Raúl A. Briceño, Jozef J. Dudek, Robert G. Edwards, David J. Wilson

Physics Faculty Publications

We present for the first time a determination of the energy dependence of the isoscalar ππ elastic scattering phase shift within a first-principles numerical lattice approach to QCD. Hadronic correlation functions are computed including all required quark propagation diagrams, and from these the discrete spectrum of states in the finite volume defined by the lattice boundary is extracted. From the volume dependence of the spectrum, we obtain the S-wave phase shift up to the KK¯ threshold. Calculations are performed at two values of the u, d quark mass corresponding to m_π=236,391  MeV, and the resulting amplitudes …

Competing Theories Of Pitch Perception: Frequency And Time Domain Analysis, Nowell Thacher Stoddard

Senior Projects Spring 2017

Pitch perception is a phenomenon that has been the subject of much debate within the psychoacoustics community. It is at once a psychological, physiological and mathematical issue that has divided scientists for the last 200 years. My project aims to investigate the benefits and shortcomings of both the place theory and time theory approaches. This is done first by a model consistent with the long-standing focus on the frequency domain, and then by expanding to a more modern approach that functions in the time domain.

M Dwarf Planet Habitability, Ben Koenigs

Gateway Prize for Excellent Writing

The habitability of M dwarf planets has been debated greatly, as their parent stars possess both beneficial and detrimental qualities for the development of life. Initially, the astrobiological community questioned their habitability (Dole 1964), but as research and modeling techniques have improved, astrobiologists have become more accepting of the idea of life on M dwarf planets (Shields et al. 2016). The question of these planets’ habitability has great significance, because their long lifespans and commonality in the universe make them legitimate candidates for a plethora of extrasolar spacecraft missions, and potentially for the first discovery of life in other systems.

Search For Anomalous Couplings In Boosted Ww/Wz→ℓνqq‾ Production In Proton–Proton Collisions At √S=8tev, M M. Baarmand, Vallary Bhopatkar, Stefano Colafranceschi, Marcus Hohlmann, D Noonan, Tuhin S. Roy, Francisco X. Yumiceva, Cms Collaboration

Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications

This Letter presents a search for new physics manifested as anomalous triple gauge boson couplings in WW and WZ diboson production in proton–proton collisions. The search is performed using events containing a W boson that decays leptonically and a W or Z boson whose decay products are merged into a single reconstructed jet. The data, collected at s=8 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC, correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19 fb−1. No evidence for anomalous triple gauge couplings is found and the following 95% confidence level limits are set on their values: λ ([−0.011,0.011]), Δκγ ([−0.044,0.063]), and …

Search For Supersymmetry In Events With Photons And Missing Transverse Energy In Pp Collisions At 13tev, M M. Baarmand, Vallary Bhopatkar, Stefano Colafranceschi, Marcus Hohlmann, D Noonan, Tuhin S. Roy, Francisco X. Yumiceva, Cms Collaboration

Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications

The results of a search for new physics in final states with photons and missing transverse energy are reported. The study is based on a sample of proton–proton collisions collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the CMS detector in 2015, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 fb−1. Final states with two photons and significant missing transverse energy are used to search for supersymmetric particles in models of supersymmetry (SUSY) with general gauge-mediated (GGM) supersymmetry breaking. No excess is observed with respect to the standard model expectation, and the results are used to set limits on gluino …

Search For Heavy Resonances Decaying Into A Vector Boson And A Higgs Boson In Final States With Charged Leptons, Neutrinos, And B Quarks, M M. Baarmand, Vallary Bhopatkar, Stefano Colafranceschi, Marcus Hohlmann, D Noonan, Tuhin S. Roy, Francisco X. Yumiceva, Cms Collaboration

Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications

A search for heavy resonances decaying to a Higgs boson and a vector boson is presented. The analysis is performed using data samples collected in 2015 by the CMS experiment at the LHC in proton–proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 2.2–2.5 fb−1. The search is performed in channels in which the vector boson decays into leptonic final states (Z→νν, W→ℓν, and Z→ℓℓ, with ℓ=e,μ), while the Higgs boson decays to collimated b quark pairs detected as a single massive jet. The discriminating power of a jet mass requirement and a b jet …

Multiplicity And Rapidity Dependence Of Strange Hadron Production In Pp, Ppb, And Pbpb Collisions At The Lhc, M M. Baarmand, Vallary Bhopatkar, Stefano Colafranceschi, Marcus Hohlmann, H Kalakhety, D Noonan, Tuhin S. Roy, Francisco X. Yumiceva, Cms Collaboration

Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications

Measurements of strange hadron (KS 0, Λ+Λ‾, and Ξ−+Ξ‾+) transverse momentum spectra in pp, pPb, and PbPb collisions are presented over a wide range of rapidity and event charged-particle multiplicity. The data were collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in pp collisions at s=7TeV, pPb collisions at sNN=5.02TeV, and PbPb collisions at sNN=2.76TeV. The average transverse kinetic energy is found to increase with multiplicity, at a faster rate for heavier strange particle species in all systems. At similar multiplicities, the difference in average transverse kinetic energy between different particle species is observed to be larger for pp …

Observation Of The Decay B+ → Ψ(2s)Φ(1020)K+ In Pp Collisions At S=8tev, M M. Baarmand, Vallary Bhopatkar, Stefano Colafranceschi, Marcus Hohlmann, D Noonan, Tuhin S. Roy, Francisco X. Yumiceva, Cms Collaboration

Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications

The decay B+→ψ(2S)ϕ(1020)K+ is observed for the first time using data collected from pp collisions at s=8TeV by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.6fb−1. The branching fraction of this decay is measured, using the mode B+→ψ(2S)K+ as normalization, to be (4.0±0.4(stat)±0.6(syst)±0.2(B))×10−6, where the third uncertainty is from the measured branching fraction of the normalization channel.

Measurements Of Tt¯ Cross Sections In Association With B Jets And Inclusive Jets And Their Ratio Using Dilepton Final States In Pp Collisions At S=13tev, A. M. Sirunyan, M. M. Baarmand, Vallary Bhopatkar, Stefano Colafranceschi, M. Hohlmann, D. Noonan, T. Roy, F. Yumiceva, The Cms Collaboration

Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications

The cross sections for the production of tt¯bb¯ and tt¯jj events and their ratio σtt¯bb¯/σtt¯jj are measured using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 fb−1collected in pp collisions at s=13 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. Events with two leptons (e or μ) and at least four reconstructed jets, including at least two identified as b quark jets, in the final state are selected. In the full phase space, the measured ratio is 0.022±0.003(stat)±0.006(syst), the cross section σtt¯bb¯ is 4.0±0.6(stat)±1.3(syst) pb and σtt¯jj is 184±6(stat)±33(syst) pb. The measurements are compared with the standard model expectations obtained …

Multiscale Modeling Of Carbon Nanotube Synthesis In A Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition Reactor, Jonathan Troville

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

The bottom-up analysis of Carbon Nanotube synthesis is not well understood. Specifically, the question as to how carbon adsorbs to a substrate inclusive of a supported catalyst may lead to the energetically favorable structure of a hexagonal close- packed structure along the wall, or walls, of the tube. A first time simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics has been generated in order to capture the gas-phase mech- anism which leads to carbon production. It is thought that the carbon adsorbs and the walls are formed from the bottom up and the inside out for multi-wall CNTs. The studies involved accurately setting up …

Role Of The Euclidean Signature In Lattice Calculations Of Quasidistributions And Other Nonlocal Matrix Elements, Raúl A. Briceño, Maxwell T. Hansen, Christopher J. Monahan

Physics Faculty Publications

Lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) provides the only known systematic, nonperturbative method for first-principles calculations of nucleon structure. However, for quantities such as light-front parton distribution functions (PDFs) and generalized parton distributions (GPDs), the restriction to Euclidean time prevents direct calculation of the desired observable. Recently, progress has been made in relating these quantities to matrix elements of spatially nonlocal, zero-time operators, referred to as quasidistributions. Still, even for these time-independent matrix elements, potential subtleties have been identified in the role of the Euclidean signature. In this work, we investigate the analytic behavior of spatially nonlocal correlation functions and demonstrate that …

Relating The Finite-Volume Spectrum And The Two And Three-Particle S Matrix For Relativistic Systems Of Identical Scalar Particles, Raúl Briceño, Maxwell T. Hansen, Stephen R. Sharpe

Physics Faculty Publications

Working in relativistic quantum field theory, we derive the quantization condition satisfied by coupled two- and three-particle systems of identical scalar particles confined to a cubic spatial volume with periodicity L. This gives the relation between the finite-volume spectrum and the infinite-volume 2 → 2, 2 → 3, and 3 → 3 scattering amplitudes for such theories. The result holds for relativistic systems composed of scalar particles with nonzero mass m, whose center of mass energy lies below the four-particle threshold, and for which the two-particle K matrix has no singularities below the three-particle threshold. The quantization condition is exact …