Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Nearshore And Surf-Zone Morphodynamics: A Global Environmental Model For Predicting Hazards And Changes. Appendix 6. Standing Waves On A Pronounced Bar Trough Beach, Nungjane C. Shi, L. D. Wright

Reports

The hypothesis that a pronounced bar-trough surf zone topography favors resonance of standing waves with antinodes located over the bar is examined. Numerical and field investigations of standing waves in a bar-trough surf zone suggest a selective trapping of wave energy at specific resonant frequencies in the subharmonic and the high frequency infragravity bands and a possible suppression of lower frequencies. The resonant frequencies predicted by the numerical model remain fairly constant throughtout the tidal cycle due to the small tidal range typically associated with a bar-trough beach. Cross-shore bar migration changes the resonant frequencies. Numerical simulations show that an …

Nearshore And Surf-Zone Morphodynamics : A Global Environmental Model For Predicting Hazards And Changes, L. D. Wright, N. C. Shi, John D. Boon

Reports

The long-term goal of the project has been to develop improved, accurate predictability of nearshore, surf zone, and beach hydrodynamic and morphologic assemblages, based on lucidation of the universal principles governing nearshore and surf zone morphodynamic behavior.

Hydrocarbon Levels In Tampa Bay Final Report, Larry J. Doyle, Edward S. Van Vleet, William M. Sackett, Norman J. Blake, Gregg R. Brooks

Reports

The primary purpose of this project was to establish and characterize, as far as possible, hydrocarbon base levels for the Tampa Bay Estuary. In addition, we were to characterize 1) hydrocarbon molecular compositions, 2) the isotopic composition of total and lipid sediment organic carbon, and 3) evaluate the potential for utilizing isotopic analyses to quantify and determine the extent of future oil spills.

Oyster Spatfall In Virginia Rivers: 1985 Annual Survey, James Whitcomb

Reports

The Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) conducts weekly surveys from June through early October to obtain oyster spatfall information. Spat counts are made on oyster shells strung qn wire and suspended from stakes on public and private beds. The number of spat on shells is counted each week of the spawning season to determine the potential of a particular area for receiving a strike and to predict the most likely period the strikes will occur.

Baltimore Harbor And Channels Aquatic Benthos Investigations : Final Technical Report, Robert J. Diaz, Linda C. Schaffner, Robert J. Byrne, Robert A. Gammisch

Reports

This report describes work performed by the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, School of Marine Science of the College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, to document the existing preoperational conditions at four locations in the Chesapeake Bay selected as possible dredged material disposal areas for the deepening of the Baltimore Channel. The work was sponsored by the Baltimore District Corps of Engineers.

The objectives of this work were at each of the four potential disposal sites:

1 -document the surface (0-15 em) sediment conditions spatially and temporally

2 - document macrobenthic communities spatially and temporally.

3 - empty …

First Annual Progress Report For The Period July 1 , 1984 - June 30, 1985, Chesapeake Bay Research And Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Initiatives, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Reports

No abstract provided.

Hillsborough Bay Macroalgae Study Final Report, Mangrove Systems, Inc.

Reports

Hillsborough Bay. the northeastern portion of the Tampa Bay estuarine system (Fig. 1) has long suffered from the problems caused by industry and urbanization (Simon 1974). The macroalgal community of this estuary has been identified as a source of nuisance odor problems for many years. A study by the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration (FWPCA 1969) indicated that these problems resulted from degraded water quality (primarily eutrophication) which led to large populations of one or two species of marine red algae (Gracilaria spp.). Seasonal freshwater input resulted in the death and decay of these quantities of algae, producing the odor …

Present And Historical Environmental Survey Of The Poquoson River, York County, Virginia And The Warwick River; Newport News, Virginia : With Special Reference To Biotic Communities And The Effects Of Alum Discharge, Robert J. Diaz, Morris H. Roberts Jr., Gene M. Silberhorn, Gary F. Anderson

Reports

The objectives of this study were:

1. to determine the areal extent of discharged materials within each of the rivers using the aluminum:silicon ratio as an indicator;

2. to evaluate the benthic invertebrate communities within each of the rivers;

3. to determine whether there are differences in the productivity of the benthic algal and planktonic communities which can be attributed to the discharge of alum sludge in each river;

4. to evaluate the condition of the marsh communities in each river near the filtration plant;

5. to review historical biological data for the Poquoson and Warwick Rivers and to relate …

Hydrodynamic And Water Quality Measurements In The Appomattox River : A Report To The City Of Petersburg, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Reports

No abstract provided.

Distribution Of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation In The Chesapeake Bay And Tributaries - 1984, Robert Orth, Jim Simons, Ruth Allaire, Virginia Carter, Larry Hindman, Kenneth Moore, Nancy Rybicki

Reports

No abstract provided.

Preliminary Identification, Analysis, And Classification Of Odor-Causing Mechanisms Influenced By Decreasing Salinity Of The Great Salt Lake, C. Earl Israelsen, Darwin L. Sorensen, Alberta J. Seierstad, Charlotte Brennard

Reports

Introduction: The rising level of the Great Salt Lake has received a great deal of attention because of the resulting physical damage to adjoining properties, threatened distruption of major transportation facilities, and environmental damage to feeding and resting areas for migratory waterfowl. Another problem of growing concern is that some zones of the lake are producing odors that are objectionable to nearby populated areas. These odors are most offensive during the warm summer months and appear to be increasing with the rising levels and decreasing salinity of the lake water. This report presents the approach taken and the findings of …

Evaluation Of Miramat Under High Velocity Flows, C. Earl Israelsen, Frank W. Haws

Reports

Introduction: Newly constructed earth channels and steep cut and fill slopes on construction projects need temporary protection from water erosion until a protective cover of vegetation can be grown. In some instances the temporary protective measures can be left in position to serve as part of the permanent system. Various kinds of vegetative and chemical mulches are available for use as temporary control measures, and other materials such as jute, fiberglass roving, and excelsior blanket are also in use. However, for large volumes of flow and for high velocities, more substantial materials are required. One class of such materials is …

Identification And Modeling The Impact Of Marine Shale Bedrock On Groundwater And Stream Salinity: Upper Colorado River Basin, Christopher J. Duffy, Jerome J. Jurinak, Sanjay Sangani, Ali Azimi

Reports

Recent studies have shown that groundwater is a major contributor to stream salinity in the Upper Colorado River Basin. The primary salt sources are the marine shales and shale residuum that underlie the soils of much of the basin. A field site in the Price River Basin, a tributary to the Green and Colorado Rivers, was selected to study the physical and chemical factors that control the interactions between groundwater and these shales. Preliminary data were available at the site as a result of a Bureau of Reclamation study conducted by CH2M Hill. On the basis of the CH2M Hill …

Water Education Grades K-6, Donald R. Daugs, C. Earl Israelsen

Reports

Preface: Water Activites for Elementary Children is based upon the assumption that children learn best by doing. In education, and especilly in science, talking is not necessarily teaching. The most desireable types of learning involve direct, first hand experience, not just a teacher's interpretation of these experiences. This set of learning experiences has been designed for teachers, teachers-in-training, and children, Each concept includes background information for the teacher and learning activities for the children. Lessons are designed so taht a teacher can successfully teach a unit or lession with a minimum of knowledge, preparation, and equipmnet. Most of the suggested …

Optimal Configuration Of Regional Water Supply Systems (Wasopt2) , Mohamed L. Al-Eryani, Trevor C. Hughes

Reports

Any water supply system can be conceptualized as consisting of three componenets--source development facilities (including treatment), transmission facilities, and a distribution network. The scope of this report is limited to the first two--the source related facilities upstream from the distribution network. In the mathematical modeling of regional rural systems, the number of variables, and hence the size of the model, increases rapidly as the number of system componenets and their alternative designs increase. Regardless of the method of solution, manual preparation of large models is cumbersome and is vulnerable to human error both in the computations of the matrix coefficients …

Delineation Of Landslide, Flash Flood, And Debris Flow Hazards In Utah, David S. Bowles

Reports

During 1982, 1983, and 1984, abnormally wet conditions in Utah triggered flash floods, landslides, and debris flows. Pore pressures built in hillside soils below melting snows and during prolonged periods of rainfall until the mass suddenly gave way, sometimes as a landslide and other times as a non-Newtonian debris flow that moved rapidly long distances down mountain slopes until finally stiffened by moisture loss or velocity loss because of flatter gradients. Also, runoff from heavy rainfall bursts picked up weathered and other loose material that accumulated on land surfaces over long dry periods . The sediment laden waters flowed out …

A Study Of Trihalomethane Precursors In Deer Creek Reservoir, Megan J. White, V. Dean Adams

Reports

Deer Creek Reservoir and tributaries were monitored from May to December 1983 in a study of the occurrence of trihalomethane (THM) precursors in the reservoir and nutrient dynamics of the reservoir system. Microcosms were used to study the effect of the following parameters on THM precursor production in the reservoir system: phosphorus loading, sediment, algal growth, and application of algicide. Additionally, THM precursor concentrations of interstitial water were analyzed in reservoir and microcosm sediment samples. Microcosms treated with ahigh phosphorus loading (70 ug/1) had THM precursor concentrations significantly higher than those measured in microcosms treated with a low phosphorus loading …

Development Of Design Criteria For Sensitizer Photooxidation Treatment Systems, Richard J. Watts, V. Dean Adams, E. Joe Middlebrooks

Reports

Sensitized photooxidation is a physicochemical process that can degrade many toxic and refractory organic pollutants. A trace quantity of sensitizer added to the waste absorbs visible light; electronically excited intermediates then transfer the energy to decompose the waste. Engeineering design criteria were developed for industrial waste treatment lagoons that would use sensitized photooxidation. Design criteria were developed regarding optimum lagoon pH, optimum sensitizer concentration, depth and sizing of lagoons, dissolved oxygen requirements, and effect of temperature on photooxidation rate. Treatment of the refractory pesticides bromacil, terbacil, and fluometuron was investigated using methylene blue and riboflavin as sensitizers. Methylene blue-sensitized photooxidation …

Assessment Of Control Alternatives For The Great Salt Lake, L. Douglas James, David S. Bowles

Reports

Introduction: Over the last few years, the rising level of the Great Salt Lake has changed Utah. It has inundated vast waterfowl feeding areas, crippled the salt industry, required raising transcontinental freeways and railroads, threatened metropolitan waste treatment plants, caused a major electrical outage, and damaged many properties. If nothing is done, approximately $3.6 billion of damages in 1985 dollars can be expected by 2050 (James et al, 1985, p.4). This threat led the State Legislature to set aside $100 million (an amount approximating the damages that had then occurred) in January 1985 to identify, select, and implement remedial measures. …

Methodology Report: Updating The Estimation Of Water Surface Elevation Probabilities And Associated Damages For Great Salt Lake , David S. Bowles, L. Douglas James, D. George Chadwick, Ronald V. Canfield, Norman Stauffer

Reports

No abstract provided.

A Methodology For Estimating Instream Flow Values For Recreation, Parvaneh Amirfathi, Rangesan Narayanan, A. Bruce Bishop, Dean Larson

Reports

Water flowing in streams has value for various types of recreationists and is essential for fish and wildlife. Since water demdns for offstream uses in the arid west have been steadily increasing, increasing instream flows to enhance the recreational experience might be in conflict with established withdrawals for uses such as agriculture, industries, and households. Since market prices are not observable for instream flows, the estimation of economic value of instream flow would present well known difficulties. The household production function theory was used to build the theoretical model to measure economic value of instream flow. A representative sample of …

Problems Of Small Privately Operated Water Companies In Utah, Jay M. Bagley, Frank W. Haws

Reports

Although one in seven domestic water supply systems in Utah are privately owned and operated, they are characteristically small with 94 percent serving populations of less than 1,000. Per capita costs of service vary greatly but become relatively high for locations that are remote, where terrain and climate are extreme, where scale economies are absent, and where materials and skills for system repair and replacement are not locally available. Statistics indicate that the incidence of water quality violations relate strongly to system size. Yet corrections are often more difficult to achieve because well trained and full time operators cannot be …

Water Education ... With Emphasis On Deer Creek Reservoir - Provo River Drainage Area (Grades 5-8), Donald R. Daugs, C. Earl Israelsen, Mardell C. Parrish

Reports

Introduction: The major goals of this publication are to: * promote an awareness of the importance of water resources associated with the target watershed; * provide teachers with learning resources which are easily used in the classroom or in the field; and * provide teachers with teaching materials which help satisfy State Core Standards.

Water Well Pump Efficiency Monitor Units, Calvin G. Clyde, Duard S. Woffinden, Graeme Duncan

Reports

Indroduction: As the costs for pumping municipal, industrial and irrigation water rise, owners and the public area giving increased attention to energy conservation. One way to conserve energy is to operate water pumps at or near peak efficiency. The measurement of pump efficiency usually requires a special test equipment, a skilled operator and time to perform the test. Owners may find it more economical to waste power than to monitor for inefficiencies. One way to help change this situation is to develop inexpensive equipment for unskilled people to use to obtain rapid measurements of pump efficiency under typical operating conditions. …

Monogeneans From The Southern Pacific Ocean: Polyopisthocotyleids From The Australian Fishes, The Subfamily Microcotylinae, W. A. Dillon, William J. Hargis Jr., Antonio E. Harrises

Reports

This seventh in a series of monogenetic trematodes from the Southern Pacific Ocean discusses nine species of Monogenea from Australian waters. Redescriptions are given for Microcotyle arripis Sandars, 1945, M. bassensis Murray, 1931, M. helotes Sandars, 1944, M. nemadactylus Dillon and Hargis, 1965, M. neozealanicus Dillon and Hargis, 1965, M. odacis Sandars, 1945, M. pentapodi Sandars, 1944, and M. temnodontis Sandars, 1945. New locality records are reported for all of the above. New host records are established for Microcotyle bassensis Murray, 1931 and M. neozealanicus Dillon and Hargis, 1965. Microtyle sp. from the gills of Acanthopagrus australis (Gunther) is reported.

Oyster Spatfall In Virginia Rivers: 1984 Annual Summary, James Whitcomb

Reports

The Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) conducts weekly surveys from June through early October to obtain oyster spatfall information. Spat counts are made on oyster shells strung on wire and suspended from stakes on public and private beds. The number of spat on shells is counted each week of the spawning season to determine the potential of a particular area for receiving a strike and to predict the most likely period the strikes will occur.

Achievements Of Soviet Scientists In Investigations Of The Helminthofauna Of Marine Animals Of The World Ocean, S. L. Delamure, A. S. Skriabin

Reports

During the last 40 yr (1940 to 1980), Soviet helminthologists have examined about 9,680 specimens of marine mammals In the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, using uniform or standard methods In most cases. As a result, 20 new species of trematodes [digeneids], 19 cestodes, 9 acanthocephalans, and 23 nematodes have been described. Also several new supraspecific taxa have been established. Systematic revisions of Campuidae, Tetrabothriidae, Pseudallidae, and Anisakidae have been undertaken. The morphology, adaptation of helminths to their environments and to the host's mode of life, Infection rates and characteristics, and the seasonal and age dynamics of the helmlnthofauna have been …

Operation Manual For The Vims Combined Hydrodynamic-Ecosystem Model (Hem), Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Reports

Since about 1970, VIMS has been developing water quality simulation models for the Virginia State Water Control Board under the Cooperative State Agencies (CSA) agreement. Under this agreement, VIMS has conducted field programs and developed and validated a number of water quality models. In order to make this accumulated experience available to the State Water Control Board and others, VIMS has prepared a users' manual and sample cases for the combined hydrodynamic-ecosystem model (HEM).

Monthly Reports On The State Of Rivers 1985, Albert Kuo

Reports

Chiefly graphs showing monthly salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen distributions at slackwater for the James, York, Pamunkey, and Rappahannock Rivers.

1985: April-July; September - November

Effect Of Temperature And Dissolved Oxygen On Sediment-Water Nutrient Flux, C. F. Cerco

Reports

A series of experiments was conducted in order to determine the influence of water-column temperature and dissolved oxygen on sediment-water nutrient flux. Three nutrients were considered: ammoniurn nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and ortho phosphorus. Results of the experiments indicated that nutrient concentration in the overlying water had to be considered, as well as temperature and dissolved oxygen, as an independent variable which affected sediment-water nutrient flux.