Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Fresnel And Fraunhofer Diffraction: Development Of An Advanced Laboratory Experiment, Jeff Adams

Senior Theses and Projects

The purpose of this lab is to help the student become more familiar with, or get a better feel for what is actually occurring, when observing the effects of double slit diffraction patterns. In most sophomore labs dealing with double slit diffraction, the student simply determines the diffraction angle, and slit spacing, from marking the positions of the maxima on the screen. No attempt is made to measure the relative intensity of the interference pattern, and see how the experimental data compare with the theory of interference and diffraction. In an attempt to further clarify this phenomena, we will attempt …

Extension Of The Metal Light Pipe Infrared Spectroscopy Technique: Applications To Surface Adsorption And High Tc Superconductors, Torsten Will

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The development of an infrared instrument for the study of surface adsorption and high T_c superconductors is presented and its applicability is discussed. The use of and theoretical background for the metal light pipe multiple-reflection technique are discussed in comparison to other infrared devices. Measurements are carried out to determine its limitations with powdered substrates as well as its sensitivity limitation for thin films. The results of the two test measurements, adsorption of CO on MgO and investigation of the energy gap of high T_c superconductors, are presented. Comparisons of the spectra with the experimental and theoretical literature …

A Loading Device For Fracture Testing Of Compact Tension Specimens In The Scanning Electron Microscope, Jügen Rödel, James F. Kelly, Mark R. Stoudt, Stephen J. Bennison

Scanning Microscopy

A loading device for performing fracture experiments on compact tension specimens in the SEM has been designed. Its key elements are a piezoelectric translator for applying controlled displacements to the loading points on the specimen and a load cell to measure applied loads. The effective transmission of displacement from the piezoelectric driver to the specimen was found to be the major mechanical design problem. The peripheral equipment includes a function generator and a high voltage amplifier that drives the piezoelectric translator as well as a video overlay and standard video equipment to record the image continuously during the course of …

Superfund Record Of Decision: Monticello Mill Tailings (Doe), Ut First Remedial Action, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office Of Emergency And Remedial Response

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

The 300-acre Monticello Mill Tailings site is comprised of a 7S-acre inactive uranium and vanadium milling operation and affected peripheral properties in Monticello, San Juan County, Utah. Surrounding land use is rural residential and agricultural. The site overlies a shallow alluvial aquifer, and part of the site lies within the floodplain of Montezuma Creek. Approximately IS-acres of wetlands adjacent to Montezuma Creek also have been contaminated by tailings. In 1940, the site was operated as a vanadium ore-buying station. Milling of ore began in 1942, and a vanadium/uranium sludge product was produced onsite from 1943 to 1944. Onsite uranium milling …

Chemical And Reconstruction Induced Surface Core-Level Shifts: H On Low-Index W Surfaces, D. Mark Riffe, G. K. Wertheim, P. H. Citrin

All Physics Faculty Publications

The H-induced shift of the surface-atom core-level binding energy in W(110) is shown to arise from two distinct effects, one chemical in nature and the other structural. The structural shift supports a recently proposed (1p×1) reconstruction that turns on at ∼0.5 monolayer coverage. These new findings are used to provide a self-consistent interpretation of previously reported shifts from H-covered W(111) and W(100) surfaces.

Research Project Summaries (July 1989-December 1990), Utah Water Research Laboratory

Reports

From every side we hear of new threats to our water supply. Carcinogens, droughts, dam failures, global warming, hazardous wastes, deforestation, overpopulation, liability, and an aging infrastructure become household fears; this list grows longer and more foreboding to the average citizen. Some of these threats are real, while others are imaginary. Some we know how to overcome and others we can find ways to overcome, yet, for some, we are still helpless. The strength of a university lies in its success in stimulating inquisitive minds in critical examination of the problems of the world. People sense hope as experts find …

The Daytime Wind In Valleys Adjacent To The Great Salt Lake, G. L. Stone, D. Hoard

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

In 1986 Los Alamos National Laboratory was engaged by the US Army to study the meteorological aspects of emergency preparedness at several sites where toxic materials are stored and handled. The project included a series of tracer and meteorological field experiments in the vicinity of the Tooele Army Depot, 60 km southwest of Salt Lake City, Utah. These experiments generated a large data set for validating numerical simulations and for empiracal analyses of the local meteorology. This paper discusses the main characteristics of the daytime, up-valley flow at the Utah site, including frequency of occurrence, horizontal and vertical structure, and …

Mars And Beyond: The Solar System Beckons, Frank J. Redd

Faculty Honor Lectures

To space zealots, 1989 was the year the drought ended. The space shuttle was operational again; Voyager's grand reconnaissance of the Solar System climaxed with the glorious encounter with the planet Neptune and its startling moon, Triton; the launches of the Magellan spacecraft to Venus and the Gallileo to Jupiter broke a decade long hiatus in the launch of U.S. planetary missions; and, for the first time in over twenty years, a U.S. president announced a daring new initiative in human exploration with the goal of first returning humans to the Moon, then going on to Mars.

Laramide Deformation In Precambrian Granitic Rocks, Northeastern Wind River Range, Wyoming, Mark A. Dubois

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Fractures and faults in the Jakey's Fork area, northeastern Wind River Range, Wyoming, caused by brittle Laramide deformation in the Precambrian granitic basement have been studied in detail at airphoto, outcrop, and thin-section scales. The study area is bounded on the south by the approximately east-west and vertical Jakey's Fork Fault and on the east by the approximately northwest-southeast and vertical Ross Lakes Fault. Both were active during Laramide deformation. Four distinct structural domains, defined by fracture pat terns and proximity to the two major faults nave emerged in this study. The areas are: 1) Along Ross Lakes Fault granite …

Pair-Correlation Kinetics And The Reversible Diffusion-Controlled Reaction, David Peak, D C. Greenlaw, L A. Schick

All Physics Faculty Publications

It has long been known that the time course of a bimolecular reaction occurring in a condensed host depends on the behavior of the nonequilibrium pair-correlation function for reactant pairs. The classical analysis of such reactions has led to a kind of standard rule: The association rate constant for a diffusion-controlled reaction is 4πDR and this rate constant produces the fastest possible kinetics. This result is only (approximately) true for the case of an irreversible reaction, however. Here, we reexamine this old problem, looking closely at the reversible case. We report a result that challenges the standard wisdom: When the …

Rate Equation And Scaling For Fragmentation With Mass Loss, Boyd F. Edwards, M. Cai, H. Han

All Physics Faculty Publications

A linear rate equation describes fragmentation with continuous and discrete mass loss typified by consumption of porous reactive solids and two-phase heterogeneous solids. For a mass-dependent fragmentation rate x^α and a continuous-mass-loss rate εx^γ,σ=γ-α-1<0 yields a>‘‘recession regime’’ where small particles lose mass continuously without breaking, σ>0 yields a ‘‘fragmentation regime’’ where all particles break, and σ=0 yields scaling for α>0. Shattering for α<0 and>σ≥0 is runaway fragmentation producing an infinte number of particles in a finite time, Exact and asymptotic solutions, exponent relations, and connections with static percolation are found.

The Effects Of Disease, Prey Fluctuation, And Clear-Cutting On American Marten In Newfoundland, Canada, Richard J. Fredrickson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Individual variation in survival and behavior of American marten (Martes americana) was studied in relation to disease, prey fluctuation, and clear-cutting from 10 January 1986 through 20 August 1987 in Newfoundland, Canada. Thirty-seven of forty marten captured on the study area were telemetered and monitored for part or all of the study.

Marten mortality was concentrated in two intervals, fall 1986 and late winter 1987. Mortality during fall 1986 was attributable to encephalitis, while marten deaths during late winter 1987 resulted from predation and starvation attributable to the prey decline. Nonsuppurative encephalitis was first detected 7 October 1986; …

A Descriptive Study Of Range Livestock Operations In The Somali Central Rangelands, Abdinasir M. Abdulle

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Information on livestock operations, particularly what kind of livestock operations are practiced in the Somali central rangelands, and how these operations differ for different herders in different vegetation types and farming systems, could serve as a major tool in making management decisions. This study provides a detailed description of range livestock operations in the Somali Central Rangelands. It also answers some important management questions.

Range livestock operations were inventoried through personal interviews with the owners and herders. Data are supplemented by previous nation-wide and regional survey statistics. Herd productivity data which include herd structures, age, age-related sales, slaughters, gifts, and …

The Effect Of Seasonal Cattle Grazing On California Bighorn Sheep Habitat Use, Melanie J. Steinkamp

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effect of seasonal cattle grazing on a newly reintroduced population of California bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis californiana) in Big Cottonwood Canyon, Idaho, was studied. The hypothesis that bighorn sheep avoid cattle was tested. The issue of avoidance between bighorn sheep and livestock is arguable. Some studies have found that bighorn sheep avoid cattle while others have found no response of bighorn sheep to cattle.

Evidence was found to document the avoidance of cattle by bighorn sheep. The size of the bighorn's home range and core area decreased with the movement of cattle into areas of high bighorn …

Lowand Mid-Latitude Ionospheric Electric Fields During The January 1984 Gismos Campaign, Bela G. Fejer, M. C. Kelley, C. Senior, O. De La Beaujardiere, J. A. Holt, C. A. Tepley, R. Burnside, M. A. Abdu, J. H.A. Sobral, R. F. Woodman, Y. Kamide, R. Lepping

Bela G. Fejer

This paper examines in detail the electrical coupling between the high-, middle-, and low-latitude ionospheres during January 17–19, 1984, using interplanetary and high-latitude magnetic field data together with F region plasma drift measurements from the EISCAT, Sondre Stromfjord, Millstone Hill, Saint-Santin, Arecibo, and Jicamarca incoherent scatter radars. We study the penetration of both the zonal and meridional electric field components of high-latitude origin into the low-latitude and the equatorial ionospheres. In the dusk sector, a large perturbation of the zonal equatorial electric field was observed in the absence of similar changes at low and middle latitudes in the same longitudinal …

Trophic Interactions Between Fish And Invertebrates In Bear Lake, Utah-Idaho, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, Charles P. Hawkins

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

An intensive study of the limnology, invertebrates and fishes of Bear Lake was conducted in 1987 in order to define the productivity and food web of the community. Limno10gica1 parameters and invertebrates were measured at approximately monthly intervals while fish distribution and feeding was analyzed in February, June, August, and October. Samples were collected at three to eight stations along a transect running from the shallow littoral area on the west side of the lake, to the deep profundal zone.

Survival Of Trout Strains As Affected By Limnological Parameters, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, Timothy Modde, Chris Luecke, Cheryl Courtney

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. (ca. 80 mm S.L.) stocked into mid-elevation reservoirs in Utah are vulnerable to predation from piscivorous fish and birds. I determined how effectively juvenile trout used cover to avoid these predators by using direct observations (snorkel transects) on habitat selection in two reservoirs. Observations of juvenile trout were conducted within five weeks of stocking in 1988 and 1989. During the day juvenile trout were abundant in complex inshore habitats. Juvenile trout actively fed during the day but the time of peak feeding was variable. Large Daphnia made of > 95% of the diet of juvenile trout. …

Hydrogen Adsorption On The Β N-Covered W(100) Surface: An Infrared Study Of The W–Hstretch, D. Mark Riffe, A. J. Sievers

All Physics Faculty Publications

The adsorption of hydrogen on the c(2×2) β-N-covered W(100) surface has been studied with infrared and thermal-desorption spectroscopies. A new dipole-active vibrational absorption due to chemisorbed hydrogen has been discovered. Its center frequency (1738 cm^-1 for minimal H₂ adsorption), isotopic dependence (1252 cm^-1 for D₂ adsorption and the existence of both lines for HD adsorption), absorption strength versus β-N coverage, and effective dynamic charge e^*/ε_∞≥0.12e lead to the assignment of the W-H stretch associated with a top-bonded H species. The vibration has been studied in detail on the highly ordered surface characterized …

Corrugation In The Nitrogen-Graphite Potential Probed By Inelastic Neutron Scattering, F. Y. Hansen, L. W. Bruch, H. Taub, V. L. Frank, H. J. Lauter, John R. Dennison

All Physics Faculty Publications

Inelastic neutron spectra of the commensurate √3 ×3 herringbone monolayer phase of nitrogen physisorbed on the graphite (002) surface at low temperature have been compared with lattice dynamics calculations of the polycrystalline-averaged one-phonon coherent neutron cross section. The observed zone-center energy gap of ∼0.4 THz in the acoustic-phonon branches is a factor of 2 larger than calculated from central atom-atom potentials. We conclude that current models of the corrugation in the adatom substrate potential greatly underestimate the lateral restoring forces in this relatively simple molecular film.

Alkali Metal Adsorbates On W(110): Ionic, Covalent, Or Metallic?, D. Mark Riffe, G. K. Wertheim, P. H. Citrin

All Physics Faculty Publications

The photoemission signal from the first atomic layer of W(110) is used to assess the nature of the interaction between the surface atoms of the metal substrate and the adsorbates Na, K, and Cs for coverages up to 1 atomic layer. Our results indicate that there is little or no charge transfer from the alkali metal to the W surface, even in the limit of low coverage. The satellite structure of the photoemission lines of the outermost p shell of the alkali metals confirms this conclusion. While contrary to the conventional picture of alkali-metal-charge donation, these findings fully support recent …

Quantum Measurement And Geometry, James Thomas Wheeler

All Physics Faculty Publications

A model for the interpretation of spacetime as a Weyl geometry is proposed, based on the hypothesis that a system moves on any given path with a probability which is inversely proportional to the resulting change in length of the system. The results of physical measurements are calculated as the product of Weyl-conjugate gauge-dependent probabilities for the detection of conjugate objects. Each probability, expressed as a Wiener integral, is the Green's function for a diffusion equation. If the line integral of the Weyl field equals the action functional divided by ℏ this equation provides the stochastic equivalent of the Schrödinger …

Cody Record Of Decision And Approved Resource Management Plan, United States Department Of The Interior, Bureau Of Land Management

Record of Decisions (WY)

This document records the decision made by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) for managing approximately 891,600 acres of public land surface and 1,508,200 acres of federal mineral estate administered by the Bureau of Land Management in the Cody Resource Area.

Great Divide Resource Area Record Of Decision And Approved Resource Management Plan, United States Department Of The Interior, Bureau Of Land Management

Record of Decisions (WY)

This document records the decision made by the Bureau of Land Management for managing approximately 4 million acres of public land surface and 5 million acres of federal mineral estate administered by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in the Great Divide Resource Area.

Mineral Resources Of The Marble Canyon Wilderness Study Area, White Pine County, Nevada, And Millard County, Utah, United States Geological Survey

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

The 19,150-acre Marble Canyon Wilderness Study Area (NV-040-086) was evaluated for mineral resources (known) and mineral resource potential (undiscovered), and field work was conducted in 1987. The acreage includes 6,435 acres that is now designated as part of the Mount Moriah Wilderness under the Nevada Wilderness Protection Act of 1989 (S. 974), most but not all of which is included in 8,300 acres for which the U.S. Bureau of Land Management requested a mineral survey. In this report, the "wilderness study area," or simply "the study area" refers to the entire 19,150-acre tract.

Preliminary Geologic Map Of The Kanab 30 By 60 Minute Quadrangle, Utah-Arizona, United States Geological Survey

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

This map is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature.

Mineral Resources Of The Marble Canyon Wilderness Study Area, White Pine County, Nevada, And Millard County, Utah, Michael F. Diggles, Gary A. Nowlan, H. Richard Blank, Jr., Susan M. Marcus, Richard F. Kness, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Bureau Of Mines

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

The 19,150-acre Marble Canyon Wilderness Study Area (NV-040-086) was evaluated for mineral resources (known) and mineral resource potential (undiscovered), and field work was conducted in 1987. The acreage includes 6,435 acres that is now designated as part of the Mount Moriah Wilderness under the Nevada Wilderness Protection Act of 1989 (S. 974), most but not all of which is included in 8,300 acres fro which the U.S. Bureau of Land Management requested a mineral survey. In this report, the "wilderness study area," or simply "the study area" refers to the entire 19,150-acre tract. The area in underlain by quartzite shale …

Seasonal Variations In Theequatorial Thermospheric Wind Measured At Arequipa, Peru, M. A. Biondi, J. W. Meriwether, Bela G. Fejer, S. A. Gonzalez

Bela G. Fejer

Studies have been carried out at Arequipa, Peru, of the seasonal variations in the thermospheric winds at moderate solar flux levels and low geomagnetic activity. Fabry-Perot interferometer measurements of the Doppler shifts in the 630.0 nm nightglow emission line from March to August 1983 and from April to October 1988 have yielded monthly-average meridional winds that are nearly zero (<50 m/s) and possibly fluctuating in direction through much of the night but develop a southward flow at 50–100 m/s in the early and the late night from May onward. The average zonal winds are eastward throughout the night, reaching peak velocities before local midnight and then decreasing. The peak velocities increase to a maximum around the June solstice. The winds are generally stronger in 1988 than in 1983, even though the solar EUV fluxes are comparable for both years. Comparison of the present results with earlier satellite measurements, as embodied in the Horizontal Wind Model of Hedin et al., reveals generally satisfactory agreement at the equinox and June solstice, except for the June 1988 period. Killeen et al.'s vector spherical harmonic form of the NCAR Thermospheric General Circulation Model, calculated for similar solar flux levels, yields meridional and zonal wind variations which exhibit the same temporal behaviors but generally smaller values than the present measurements. The present wind patterns are also compared with those measured during the same years at Arecibo, Puerto Rico; one finds oppositely directed meridional flows and similar, eastward zonal flows at the two locations, as expected from a consideration of solar EUV heating as the principal driving force.

Environmental Assessment Seminoe-Kortes Transmission Line/Substation Consolidation Project, Carbon County, Wyoming, U.S. Department Of Energy

Environmental Assessments (WY)

The existing switchyards at Western Area Power Administration's (WESTERN) Seminoe and Kortes facilities, located approximately 40 miles northeast of Rawlins, Carbon County, Wyoming, were constructed in 1939 and 1951, respectively. The circuit breakers at these facilities are beyond or approaching their service life and need to be replaced. In addition, the switchyards have poor access for maintenance and replacement of equipment, and their locations create potential for oil spills into the North Platte River. WESTERN is proposing to consolidate the switchyard facilities into one new substation to provide easier access, restore proper levels of system reliability, and decrease the potential …

Anasazi Basketmaker: Papers From The 1990 Wetherill-Grand Gulch Symposium, Victoria M. Atkins, Lisa Mcclanahan

Elusive Documents

No abstract provided.

Urban And Community Forestry: A Guide For The Interior Western United States, Craig W. Johnson, Fred A. Baker, Wayne S. Johnson, Richard Fisher, Susan Nordstrom, Gary O. Merrill, Stefan Zeglen

Elusive Documents

No abstract provided.