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Articles 31 - 46 of 46
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Emergence Of Collective Light Scattering In Atomic 87Rb Samples, Kasie Jean Kemp
Emergence Of Collective Light Scattering In Atomic 87Rb Samples, Kasie Jean Kemp
Physics Theses & Dissertations
Over the past half century, atomic ensembles have been used to create sensors, clocks, and quantum information systems. As these devices become more compact, and as the number of atoms increases to improve the sensitivity for detection, the atomic samples are increasing in density and optical depth. As such, the spectroscopic properties of the atomic media are modified due to interactions among the particles in the ensemble. We report investigation of near-resonance light scattering from a cold atomic sample of 87Rb. Initially prepared in a magneto-optical trap, the atoms are loaded into a far-off-resonance optical dipole trap (FORT) in which …
A Simulation-Based Layered Framework Framework For The Development Of Collaborative Autonomous Systems, Ioannis Sakiotis
A Simulation-Based Layered Framework Framework For The Development Of Collaborative Autonomous Systems, Ioannis Sakiotis
Computational Modeling & Simulation Engineering Theses & Dissertations
The purpose of this thesis is to introduce a simulation-based software framework that facilitates the development of collaborative autonomous systems. Significant commonalities exist in the design approaches of both collaborative and autonomous systems, mirroring the sense, plan, act paradigm, and mostly adopting layered architectures. Unfortunately, the development of such systems is intricate and requires low-level interfacing which significantly detracts from development time. Frameworks for the development of collaborative and autonomous systems have been developed but are not flexible and center on narrow ranges of applications and platforms. The proposed framework utilizes an expandable layered structure that allows developers to define …
The Marine Cyanate Cycle, Brittany Widner
The Marine Cyanate Cycle, Brittany Widner
OES Theses and Dissertations
Cyanate (OCN-) is a reduced nitrogen compound with the potential to serve as a nitrogen and carbon source for marine microbes. Evidence from genomes and culture studies indicated that several marine cyanobacterial groups, including representatives of the globally important genera Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus, might be capable of cyanate assimilation. However, prior to this study, the distribution, bioavailability, and production pathways of cyanate were unknown in natural systems due to the absence of a sensitive cyanate assay; and the ability of organisms to assimilate cyanate on relevant timescales was unknown because we lacked a suitable tracer for measuring uptake. I developed …
Cebaf Upgrade Bunch Length Measurements, Mahmoud Mohamad Ali Ahmad
Cebaf Upgrade Bunch Length Measurements, Mahmoud Mohamad Ali Ahmad
Physics Theses & Dissertations
Many accelerators use short electron bunches and measuring the bunch length is important for efficient operations. CEBAF needs a suitable bunch length because bunches that are too long will result in beam interruption to the halls due to excessive energy spread and beam loss. In this work, bunch length is measured by invasive and non-invasive techniques at different beam energies. Two new measurement techniques have been commissioned; a harmonic cavity showed good results compared to expectations from simulation, and a real time interferometer is commissioned and first checkouts were performed. Three other techniques were used for measurements and comparison purposes …
Naturalization Of Salt Marsh Restoration Sites In The Elizabeth River, Virginia, Assessed By Feeding Activity And Trophic Level Of Mummichogs (Fundulus Heteroclitus), Moriah Anne Good
Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations
Recent efforts to mitigate environmental issues within the Southern Branch of the Elizabeth River, Virginia, designated a “Region of Concern” by the Chesapeake Bay Program, include several salt marsh restorations. By examining gut contents and stable isotopes values (δ13C and δ15N) from mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus), the functional equivalency of restored salt marshes compared to natural marshes was measured. In July 2013 I collected mummichogs from three restored and three reference salt marshes in the Southern Branch. Fish were collected for gut content analysis and were analyzed for stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N).
I removed gut contents from 16 fish per …
The Effects Of Using Natural Gas In Light-Duty Vehicle Fleet Of The United States On Its Energy Dependency And Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Nurullah Ayyilmaz
The Effects Of Using Natural Gas In Light-Duty Vehicle Fleet Of The United States On Its Energy Dependency And Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Nurullah Ayyilmaz
Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Dissertations
Shale boom has changed the track of discussions on the future of the U.S. energy politics. A new opportunity emerged to meet domestic demand of the U.S. by using secure sources. Transportation accounts for a quarter of energy consumption in the U.S. Increasing the share of natural gas in the transport sector bolsters the U.S. energy security because of shifting from insecure sources (imported oil) to secure sources (shale gas reserves). Using natural gas instead of oil in light-duty vehicles (LDVs) contributes to the efforts of decreasing dependence on insecure sources and also decreases anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused …
Characterization Of Soundscapes In Shallow Water Habitats Of The Florida Keys (Usa) And Their Influence On The Settlement Of Larval Fish And Invertebrates, John R. Butler
Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations
In recent decades, changes in climate and water quality in Florida Bay and the Florida Keys (FL, USA) caused expansive cyanobacteria blooms that in turn precipitated massive sponge die-offs that drastically altered sponge-dominated hard-bottom communities in south-central Florida Bay. This area served as a model system to explore the effect of ecosystem change and habitat restoration on underwater soundscapes and larval recruitment. I had four main objectives: (1) characterize the underwater soundscapes of three near-shore, benthic habitats: mangrove islands, seagrass meadows, and hard-bottom (Chapter 2); (2) quantify larval settlement within healthy, degraded, and restored hard-bottom areas to test whether habitat …
Low-Temperature Artificial Maturation Studies Of Type Ii And Type Iii Kerogens: Implications For Biogenic Gas Production, Albert Willy Nguena Kamga
Low-Temperature Artificial Maturation Studies Of Type Ii And Type Iii Kerogens: Implications For Biogenic Gas Production, Albert Willy Nguena Kamga
Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations
Ancient organic matter (OM) in shales and coals, known mainly as Type II and Type III OM are known to produce both biogenic, thermogenic gas and oil. In this dissertation, mild artificial maturation, via closed system pyrolysis, is employed to determine the thermal reactivity of Type II and Type III OM beyond diagenesis. We select three Type II kerogens: i) Type II kerogen isolated from recent cores (3.3 Ma, Ro = 0.28) recovered from an upwelling basin in Namibia, Africa referred to as ODP Sediment, ii) Type II-S isolated from sediments (150 Ma, Ro = 0.38) recovered from an outcrop …
Synthesis, Morphological Control, Dispersion Stabilization And In Situ Self-Assembly Of Noble Metal Nanostructures Using Multidentate Resorcinarene Surfactants, Sangbum Han
Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations
In this dissertation, a detailed investigation on the influence of various macrocyclic resorcinarene surfactants in determining the morphology, stabilization and self-assembly of mono- and bi- metallic nanoparticles was undertaken. Chapter 2 describes the influence of resorcinarene surfactants functionalized with amine- and thiol- headgroups in determining the morphology of monometallic Pt nanoparticles synthesized via the Brust-Schiffrin reaction. We found that while resorcinarene benzylthiol can lead to the formation of highly branched Pt nanostructures, resorcinarene amine can lead to the formation of anisotropic crystalline Pt nanoparticles. Further, we have evaluated the influence of resorcinarene ligands in determining the catalytic activity of these …
Synthesis And Mechanistic Investigations Of Transition Metal Complexes And Ligands For Chemotherapeutic Applications, Jimmie Lee Bullock Jr.
Synthesis And Mechanistic Investigations Of Transition Metal Complexes And Ligands For Chemotherapeutic Applications, Jimmie Lee Bullock Jr.
Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations
Transition metal complexes have played a critical role in antitumor therapy with many complexes incorporating platinum, ruthenium, and lanthanum having been investigated in preclinical and clinical trials. The best known transition metal therapeutic is cisplatin, which is utilized in nearly 50% of all cancer therapies, despite its significant toxic side effects. The toxic side effects of current FDA approved platinum-based chemotherapeutics are often overlooked due to the “special status” granted to these drugs due to their ability to fight, what is often considered an incurable disease with life expectancies often measured in months. Oncology drug development has therefore now focused …
Plasma Processing Of Superconducting Radio Frequency Cavities, Janardan Upadhyay
Plasma Processing Of Superconducting Radio Frequency Cavities, Janardan Upadhyay
Physics Theses & Dissertations
The development of plasma processing technology of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities not only provides a chemical free and less expensive processing method, but also opens up the possibility for controlled modification of the inner surfaces of the cavity for better superconducting properties. The research was focused on the transition of plasma etching from two dimensional flat surfaces to inner surfaces of three dimensional (3D) structures. The results could be applicable to a variety of inner surfaces of 3D structures other than SRF cavities. Understanding the Ar/Cl2 plasma etching mechanism is crucial for achieving the desired modification of Nb …
An Optimized Multiple Right-Hand Side Dslash Kernel For Intel Xeon Phi, Aaron Walden
An Optimized Multiple Right-Hand Side Dslash Kernel For Intel Xeon Phi, Aaron Walden
Computer Science Theses & Dissertations
Lattice quantum chromodynamics (LQCD) stands unique as the only computationally tractable, non-perturbative, and model-independent quantum field theory of the strong nuclear force. The computational core of LQCD is the Wilson Dslash operator, a nearest neighbor stencil operator summing matrix-vector multiplications over lattice points, whose performance is bandwidth-bound on most architectures. Reportedly, up to 90\% of LQCD running time may be spent computing Dslash. In recent years, efforts have been made by researchers to optimize LQCD calculations for floating point coprocessor cards such as GPUs and Intel Xeon Phi Knights Corner (KNC), which boast powerful vector processing units. Most of these …
Secondary Electron Emission From Plasma Processed Accelerating Cavity Grade Niobium, Miloš Bašović
Secondary Electron Emission From Plasma Processed Accelerating Cavity Grade Niobium, Miloš Bašović
Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Theses & Dissertations
Advances in the particle accelerator technology have enabled numerous fundamental discoveries in 20th century physics. Extensive interdisciplinary research has always supported further development of accelerator technology in efforts of reaching each new energy frontier.
Accelerating cavities, which are used to transfer energy to accelerated charged particles, have been one of the main focuses of research and development in the particle accelerator field. Over the last fifty years, in the race to break energy barriers, there has been constant improvement of the maximum stable accelerating field achieved in accelerating cavities. Every increase in the maximum attainable accelerating fields allowed for higher …
Scripts In A Frame: A Framework For Archiving Deferred Representations, Justin F. Brunelle
Scripts In A Frame: A Framework For Archiving Deferred Representations, Justin F. Brunelle
Computer Science Theses & Dissertations
Web archives provide a view of the Web as seen by Web crawlers. Because of rapid advancements and adoption of client-side technologies like JavaScript and Ajax, coupled with the inability of crawlers to execute these technologies effectively, Web resources become harder to archive as they become more interactive. At Web scale, we cannot capture client-side representations using the current state-of-the art toolsets because of the migration from Web pages to Web applications. Web applications increasingly rely on JavaScript and other client-side programming languages to load embedded resources and change client-side state. We demonstrate that Web crawlers and other automatic archival …
Experimental Analysis Of Turbulent Structures And The Effects Of Non-Equilibrium On An Axial Vortex, Michael P. Thompson
Experimental Analysis Of Turbulent Structures And The Effects Of Non-Equilibrium On An Axial Vortex, Michael P. Thompson
Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Theses & Dissertations
Examples of the axial vortex include, dust devils, trailing line aircraft wake vortices, and tornadoes. Some of these vortices can prove hazardous to individuals and property. This necessitates that studies be conducted to understand their structure and to attempt to develop mathematical models of the flow physics involved. A wide variety of experimental techniques have been used in the past to study the vortex, with flow visualization and hotwire anemometry being chosen for this experiment. There have been many inadequate mathematical models proposed in the past. The experimental results obtained were compared to the work of Ash, Zardadkhan and Zuckerwar …
Modeling Shock Waves Using Exponential Interpolation Functions With The Least-Squares Finite Element Method, Bradford Scott Smith Jr.
Modeling Shock Waves Using Exponential Interpolation Functions With The Least-Squares Finite Element Method, Bradford Scott Smith Jr.
Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Theses & Dissertations
The hypothesis of this research is that exponential interpolation functions will approximate fluid properties at shock waves with less error than polynomial interpolation functions. Exponential interpolation functions are derived for the purpose of modeling sharp gradients. General equations for conservation of mass, momentum, and energy for an inviscid flow of a perfect gas are converted to finite element equations using the least-squares method. Boundary conditions and a mesh adaptation scheme are also presented. An oblique shock reflection problem is used as a benchmark to determine whether or not exponential interpolation provides any advantages over Lagrange polynomial interpolation. Using exponential interpolation …