Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Method For Calibrating An Arduino-Based Soil Moisture Sensor Using Van Genuchten’S Equation, Victorino A. Bato, John Osbert Alindogan

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Instructions on building a do-it-yourself soil moisture sensor using Arduino microcontrollers abound on the Internet. These do-it-yourself soil moisture sensors are favorite projects by both plant and microcontroller enthusiasts because the parts are affordable and the end product is functional. In the absence of proper calibration, these soil moisture sensors cannot generate usable information on the status of plant-available-water in the soil. This research demonstrates the calibration of an Arduino-based soil moisture sensor using the soil moisture characteristic curve of a clay loam soil. Van Genuchten’s model was used to generate an equation and various parameters specific to the soil. …

Comparative Study Between Virgin And Agriculture Soil Radon Activity Concentration And Their Radiological Risks, Hiwa Hamad Azeez Dr., Jahfer Majeed Smail Dr., Hemn Muhammad Salh Dr., Habeeb Hanna Mansour Dr., Saddon Taha Ahmad Prof. Dr., Hawbash H. Hamadamin Karim Dr.

Polytechnic Journal

The present study is to compare the radon activity concentration in agricultural and virgin soils from various locations along the Little Zab River (LZR) in the Iraqi Kurdistan region. We conducted 24 measurements of soil samples using long tube techniques equipped with an electric radon detector called RAD7 in our research. The findings revealed that the radon activity concentrations ranged from 37.3 ± 7.52 Bq m-3 to 298.25 ± 50.09 Bq m-3 in virgin soil, and from 33.03 ± 10.85 Bq m-3 to 320.25 ± 34.62 Bq.m-3 in agriculture soil. The annual effective dose was also calculated to be from …

The Effect Of Amf-Cacao Association On Varying Physicochemical, Nutrient, And Biological Soil Parameters In An Agroforest System, Diana P. Paguntalan, Nelly S. Aggangan, Inocencio E. Buot Jr.

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

The increasing interest in sustainable methods in agroforestry directs the attention of many to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for their role in maintaining or improving overall plant health and nutrition of many plants including cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) trees. The effects of different treatments of AMF and other soil amendments applied singly or in combination on physicochemical properties, nutrient levels, spore count, and rhizosphere microbial counts, were investigated and compared across different sampling periods of varying climatological conditions in an agroforest system. Results showed that there was a significant effect on the N content using the different treatments. The …

Changes In Physico-Chemical Properties Of A Sandy Loam Soil Depending On The Particle Size Of Hazelnut Shell-Derived Biochar, Damla Bender Özenç, Ceyhan Tarakçioğlu, Funda Irmak Yilmaz, Selahattin AygüN

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

This study evaluated the effects of hazelnut shell-derived biochar particle sizes on the soil’s physical and chemical properties, and on various nutrient contents present in the sandy loamy soils. For this purpose, an incubation experiment in the plastic high tunnel has been performed under sixteen treatments (control-only soil), and at four incubation times (30, 60, 90, and 120 d), by using three different biochar sizes (≤ 1, 1 - 2, and 2 - 4 mm). The addition of 1 - 2 and 2 - 4 mm biochar during the incubation time decreased the bulk density in the soil by 26%. …

Numerical Quantification Of Surface Runoff And Soil Erosion Using Pcraster, Victorino A. Bato

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Surface runoff and soil erosion of the Upper Lagawe River Sub-watershed, Ifugao Province, Philippines were quantified using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based numerical simulation. PCRaster software was used as a framework for the model. Manning’s and Rose, and Freebairn’s Equations were utilized to compute surface runoff velocity and sediment mass. Analysis and comparison of the measured and predicted streamflow yielded a mean Nash and Sutcliffe Efficiency Index of 0.70, a mean percent bias of -8.38%, and a mean root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.16. Based on the model, super typhoon Lando (international name: Koppu) generated an estimated surface runoff volume …

Dry Matter Production Of Two Rice Cultivars With Contrasting Root Plasticity Expression Under Different Topographic Conditions Subjected To Soil Moisture Fluctuation, Stella Owusu Nketia, Roel Rodriguez Suralta, Yoshiaka Inukai, Shiro Mitsuya, Mana Kano Nakata, Peter Amoako Ofori, Dinh Thi Ngoc Nguyen, Akira Yamauchi

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

In rainfed lowland rice fields characterized by sloping terrains and the presence of a hardpan in a flat topography, plants are often exposed to soil moisture fluctuation (SMF) stress due to erratic rainfall patterns. Root plasticity is one of the key traits that play important roles in plant adaptation under such conditions. In this study, two contrasting genotypes, KDML105 and IRAT109, were examined to quantify the expression of plasticity in root branching at different positions in the toposequence (TP) and in a flat topography with a hardpan, both without a groundwater table, and subjected to SMF. Results showed that KDML105 …

Corn Cob And Corn Husk Biochars Enhance The Growth Of Corn (Zea Mays L.) In Fertilized Clay Loam Soil, Arsenio D. Bulfa Jr, Gina Villegas Pangga, Amparo M. Wagan

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Biochar is a carbon (C) rich material that improves soil quality, increases crop yield, and is produced from biomass pyrolysis under a limited oxygen environment. An experiment laid out in a split-plot, a completely randomized design (CRD) and was conducted to investigate the growth responses of corn-to-corn cob biochar (CCB) (15 t ha^-1), and corn husk biochar (CHB) (15 t ha^-1) in a Lipa clay loam soil (Typic Eutrudepts) applied with organic fertilizer (OF) (10 t ha^-1) and inorganic fertilizer [recommended rate (RR):120 N;60 P₂O₅-60; K₂O …

Natural And Anthropogenic Factors Affecting The Development Of Two Highland Agricultural Soils Of Bukidnon, Philippines, Guadalupe D. Calalang, Laurent Bock, Gilles Colinet, Vincent Hallet, Peter Walpole

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

This research was conducted in two highland areas of Bukidnon, Philippines: Miarayon, a sub-catchment of the upper Cagayan de Oro River; and Bendum, a sub-catchment of the upper Pulangui River. Due to their pyroclastic parent rock materials, soils in the upper Cagayan de Oro are classified as Andic Cambisol in open and convex positions, and Andic Umbrisol in concave and depressed positions. Soils in the upper Pulangui are classified as Pisoplinthic Acrisol, Ferralic Nitisol, and Acric Nitisol in areas with ultramafic rock parent materials, and Haplic Cambisol with pyroclastic deposits. Element contents in rocks were congruent to the total soil …

Variation Of Soil Physical-Chemical Characteristics In Salt-Affected Soil In The Qarhan Salt Lake, Qaidam Basin, Hui Rong, Tan Huijuan, Li Xinrong, Wang Bingyao

Journal of Arid Land

Soil salinization has adverse effects on the soil physical-chemical characteristics. However, little is known about the changes in soil salt ion concentrations and other soil physical-chemical characteristics within the Qarhan Salt Lake and at different soil depths in the surrounding areas. Here, we selected five sampling sites (S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5) alongside the Qarhan Salt Lake and in the Xidatan segment of the Kunlun Mountains to investigate the relationship among soil salt ion concentrations, soil physical-chemical characteristics, and environmental variables in April 2019. The results indicated that most sites had strongly saline and very strongly saline conditions. The …

Microbiological Study In A Gneissic Cave From Sri Lanka, With Special Focus On Potential Antimicrobial Activities, Ethige Isuru P. Silva, Pathmakumara Jayasingha, Saman Senanayake, Anura Dandeniya, Dona Helani Munasinghe

International Journal of Speleology

The emergence of antibiotic resistance is a global health crisis, thus the search for novel antimicrobial compounds has become a continuous necessity. Underexplored and extreme environments, such as cave ecosystems, have been identified as a promising potential source for the discovery of novel microorganisms with novel antimicrobial compounds (AMC). This study presents the first cave microbiological investigation in Sri Lanka, with a special preference for bioprospecting of novel AMC. The cave sediment characterization demonstrated the presence of close to strong acidic conditions (pH 3.1 – 3.3) and thus indicates the possibility of isolating acidophilic microorganisms. Eight cave wall/ceiling fungal strains …

Kansas Soil Health Partnership, C. B. Pires, I. A. Ciampitti, D. A. Ruiz Diaz, M. V. Sarto, Charles Rice

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This study was part of a farmer-led initiative that fosters transformation in agriculture through improved soil health, benefitting farmer profitability, supporting a stable food supply, and preserving the environment. This study’s objective was to measure the effect of soil management strategies on the soil microbial community distribution and activity. Four farmers in Kansas were accepted into the program to conduct on-farm comparisons of a standard farm practice and an improved practice. This was ongoing research, and for this field research report, we are presenting the study at one of the selected farms. This site was located near Bucyrus, Miami County …

Assessment Of Soil Properties Under Different Land Use Types In Olokemeji Forest Reserves In Ogun State Southwestern Nigeria, Oluwatoyin Opeyemi Akintola, Adewunmi Idayat Bodede, Michael Smart, Ayodeji Gideon Adebayo, Olawale Nurean Sulaiman

Journal of Bioresource Management

Knowledge of soil properties is essential for environmental sustainability for any forest reserve or plantation. The physical and chemical properties of soil under three different land uses was investigated to assess the nutrient and fertility status of the soils. Fifteen soil samples, each collected from different locations within the natural forest, plantation and farm land were analyzed for soil texture, bulk density, porosity, pH, organic carbon, organic matter content, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn. Texturally, the soils were loamy, loamy sand and sandy loamy in the natural forest, plantation and farmland respectively. …

Physical And Chemical Properties Of Soils In Gambari Forest Reserve Near Ibadan, South Western Nigeria., Akintola O. Opeyemi Dr, Bodede Idayat Adewunmi Dr, Abiola Isaac Oluwaseyi Dr

Journal of Bioresource Management

The different features of soil greatly affect the flora and vegetative diversity of a forest. The physical and chemical characteristics of soils in Onigambari Forest Reserve were evaluated to assess the fertility and productivity status of the soils. Fifteen soil samples collected from different sample locations were analyzed for soil texture (sand, silt and clay), bulk density, porosity, pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable bases (Na, K, Ca and Mg) and available micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn). Texturally, the studied soils were loamy sand and sandy loam with percentage of sands (71.2-84.2 %), silts (7.4-10.4 %) and …

Change In The Physical And Chemical Properties Of Oil-Contaminated Soil In The Steppe Zone, Zafarjon Jabbarov, Tokhtasin Abdrakhmanov, Shavkat Akhmedov, Urol Nomozov, Muqaddas Abdurahmonova

Bulletin of National University of Uzbekistan: Mathematics and Natural Sciences

Today, around the world as a result of the activities of industrial enterprises, mining, their use, as well as other anthropogenic factors, there is a chemical pollution of the soil cover, a change in soil properties and fertility. Pollution of soils of various types leads to the formation of problems such as soil degradation, a decrease in the qualitative and quantitative level of fertility, as well as other problems associated with the ecosystem. Today, the urgent task is to create remediation measures for soils contaminated to varying degrees with oil and oil products, corresponding to the climatic conditions of the …

Microdialysis: A Method For Quantifying In Situ Nitrogen Fluxes In Soil Microsites, Srusti Maddala, Mary C. Savin, Julie A. Stenken, Lisa S. Wood

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Microdialysis, a diffusion-based sampling technique commonly used in biomedical research, has recently been recognized as a candidate for monitoring chemical changes in the rhizosphere. The information it provides about nutrient diffusion may improve nitrogen use efficiency, leading to enhanced management and success of restoration projects. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of microdialysis sampling to quantify the relative recoveries (RR%) of nitrate-N and ammonium-N, the two inorganic nitrogen compounds typically found in soil. The effects of microdialysis flow rate, sample medium concentration, and the presence of both analytes in solution on the relative recoveries obtained from …

Corn Response To Wastewater-Recycled Phosphorus Fertilizers, Shane R. Ylagan, Kristofor R. Brye

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

The ability to recycle phosphorus (P) from wastewaters could provide a sustainable, continuous source of P that might also help protect surface water quality from P enrichment. The mineral struvite (MgNH4PO4 · 6H2O) is an understudied material that can be created from P- and nitrogen (N)-containing wastewater and has been shown to have agricultural fertilizer value. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of electrochemically precipitated struvite (ECST), chemically precipitated struvite (Crystal Green; CG), diammonium phosphate (DAP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), rock phosphate (RP), and triple superphosphate (TSP) on corn (Zea mays) response in a greenhouse pot study. …

Evidence Of Variable Climate And Resources During The Late Pleistocene And Holocene At Gona, Ethiopia, Marie White

Steeplechase: An ORCA Student Journal

The African Humid Period (AHP) spanned a period of approximately 15 to 5 thousand years ago (ka) and resulted in Northern and Eastern Africa being wetter than today. This climate change event impacted flora, fauna, and humans to an unknown extent. Much of the work on the AHP across Eastern Africa utilizes lacustrine and marine proxies rather than river-based (fluvial). Gona, located in the Afar region of Ethiopia, is known for its extensive archaeological and fossil records in fluvial deposits. However, the paleoenvironment of the AHP at Gona has not been investigated. This study uses stratigraphy, geochronology, and paleopedology to …

Great Life Cycle Of Agropyron Cristatum (L.) Beauv. In The Conditions Of Domestification, V. Mahmudov Assistant Professor

Scientific journal of the Fergana State University

The article studies the biomorphological features of Agropyron cristatum in the conditions of introduction in the zone of the montainous semi-desert and the definition of their economic prospects for ufilizing in bogharic lands.

About The Life Cycle Of Black Vulture (Milvus Migrans) In Fergana Valley, M. Xoliqov Candidate Of Biological Sciences, Y. Axmedova Master Student

Scientific journal of the Fergana State University

The article described the life cycle of Milvus migrans in the Fergana valley. On the basis of literary data and personal observation some information such as knowing their couples, their occurrence, building nests are given.

Morphogenetic And Biogeochemical Features Of The Medicinal Capparis Spinosa, M. Isag‘Aliyev, Candidate Of Biological Sciences Associate Professor, M. Obidov Base Doctoral Student., R. Matholiqov Master Student

Scientific journal of the Fergana State University

The article studies the morphogenetic features, the composition of macro- and microelements, the coefficient of biological absorption in medicinal Capparis spinosa in light serozems, and also proved the high demand of macro elements of phosphorus, and microelements of zinc.

Morphogenetic Characteristics Of Irrigated Typical Serozem Soils, N. J. Xalilova Independent Researcher

Scientific journal of the Fergana State University

In the article formation of morphogenetic characteristics of irrigated typical serozem soils widespread in sub mountain flats of the republic, their change under the influence of irrigation and their role in soil fertility assessment are discussed.

Geoenergetic Features Of Lanthanoids And Radioactive Elements In Irrigated Soils, A. Turdaliyev Doctor Of Biological Sciences, K. Asqarov Teacher, N. Xodjibolayeva Teacher

Scientific journal of the Fergana State University

The paper studies the geoenergetic features of the lanthanides and radioactive elements in the genetic horizons of irrigated meadow saz soils of Central Fergana. moreover, the number of these elements was determined depending on their geoenergetic features in the soil profile, and the geochemical Clark spectra of these elements were developed.

Some Aspects Of Assessment Of Soil Fertility, R. Qo’Ziev, N. Abduraxmonov, N. Хalilova

Scientific journal of the Fergana State University

In the article, it is shown that soil is a complex object to evaluate its fruitfullness, as well as analyzed different methods in this sphere. It emphasises the integrity of the usage of models of soil on evaluating of its fertility, the soil has its characteristics and peculatities and its formation of fruitfulness are conditioned by definite conditions.

Some Aspects Of Assessment Of Soil Fertility, R. Qo’Ziev, N. Abduraxmonov, N. Хalilova

Scientific journal of the Fergana State University

In the article, it is shown that soil is a complex object to evaluate its fruitfullness, as well as analyzed different methods in this sphere. It emphasises the integrity of the usage of models of soil on evaluating of its fertility, the soil has its characteristics and peculatities and its formation of fruitfulness are conditioned by definite conditions.

Soil Cover Of The Highlands Of Uzbekistan, R. Kuziev, G Yuldashev

Scientific journal of the Fergana State University

In the article materials on the study of mountain light brown meadow-steppe soils of highlands of Uzbekistan are prsented. Geography, properties and resource of light brown soils are given

Geochemistry Of Irrigated Meadow Sasa Soils, M. Isagaliev, Kh. Abdukhakimova,, M Obidov Fdujournal@Fdu.Uz Fergana State University, Ferghana, Str,Murabbiylar 19

Scientific journal of the Fergana State University

In the article the content of chemical elements in the Clarke concentration, the Clarke dispersion and Clarke scattering in irrigated meadow sasa soils is tested, as well as the logarithms of chemical elements, which differentiates between -2.0-4.41 are calculated

Dynamics Of Arzyk-Shokh Meadow Sasa Soils Under Influence Of Irrigation, V. Isakov, U Mirzaev

Scientific journal of the Fergana State University

In the article evolutionary development of arzyk-shokh meadow sasa soils of Central Fergana under the influence of anthropogenic factors associated with irrigation is updated

Changes In Soil Microbiology Under Conventional And No-Till Production During Crop Rotation, C. J. Hsiao, G. F. Sassenrath, L. Zeglin, G. Hettiarachchi, C. Rice

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Soil microbial activity is important for crop production. Soil microbes are involved in nutrient and water cycling within the soil, and interact with crop plants to provide the basic nutrient and water resources needed for crop production. Claypan soils have unique physical characteristics that impact soil biology. This study explored the tempo­ral changes in soil microbiology in a claypan soil under conventional and no-till produc­tion during a crop rotation of corn/winter wheat/soybean/fallow commonly planted in southeast Kansas. We found soil microbial activity changed more in the top two inches of soil than in the lower soil layers. Wheat resulted in …

Characterization Of Claypan Soils In Southeastern Kansas, M. A. Mathis Ii, S. E. Tucker-Kulesza, G. F. Sassenrath

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Soil erosion reduces topsoil depth. In areas with a claypan, removal of productive topsoil reduces crop yield where the claypan layer is near the surface. The topsoil and claypan layer each have unique characteristics that impact crop production and within-field variability. To better understand these differences, the soil from an area of low crop yield and high crop yield were collected and laboratory tests were performed to determine the soil classification and undrained shear strength. Understanding the soil properties and the interaction between the topsoil and claypan layers may aid in under­standing the process by which topsoil is being eroded.

Pursue Undergraduate Research Journal Volume 2 (Issue 1) 2019

Pursue: Undergraduate Research Journal

The scholarly journal, “PURSUE: Undergraduate Research Journal” (ISSN 2473-6201), provides undergraduates an avenue to publish their original research abstracts and articles in the following areas: psychology, sociology, biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, computer science, mathematics, humanities, agriculture, architecture, health, business, and education (this list is not exclusive).

The original research articles included in this journal are peer reviewed and selected by the journal’s Editorial Board. The review process allows undergraduate researchers to receive feedback from notable scientists in their field of study and teach them about the publication process. Publication of their work will not only inform the scientific community; it …