Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

The Law Of Natural Conservation In China, Xiang-Cong Ma

New Challenges for Environmental Protection: Second Sino-American Conference on Environmental Law (October 12-13)

19 pages.

The Marine Environmental Protection Law Of The People’S Republic Of China (Chinese Version And Unofficial English Translation), Jianying Ye

New Challenges for Environmental Protection: Second Sino-American Conference on Environmental Law (October 12-13)

40 pages.

Agenda: New Challenges For Environmental Protection: Second Sino-American Conference On Environmental Law, University Of Colorado Boulder. Natural Resources Law Center

New Challenges for Environmental Protection: Second Sino-American Conference on Environmental Law (October 12-13)

Workshop held Sept. 18-19, 1989; conference held Oct. 12-13, 1989, in Boulder, Colorado.

Conference speakers included University of Colorado School of Law professors Daniel Barstow Magraw and Lawrence J. MacDonnell.

Contents of papers from workshop and conference:

To protect developing city by the enactment of local laws and regulations / Wu Zilin -- Legislative control of air pollution & water pollution of the P.R.China / Xiao Longan -- The law of natural conservation in China / Ma Xiang-cong -- 'Weighing environmental risks : EPA's unfinished business', Environment, vol. 30, no. 6, July/August 1988, p. 14-17, 34-39 / Richard Morgenstern, Stuart …

Reconsidering Water Quality Protection In The United States, Lawrence J. Macdonnell

New Challenges for Environmental Protection: Second Sino-American Conference on Environmental Law (October 12-13)

4 pages.

United States Hazardous Waste Law And Policy, A. Dan Tarlock

New Challenges for Environmental Protection: Second Sino-American Conference on Environmental Law (October 12-13)

3 pages.

The National Environmental Policy Act: No Longer A Teenager, But Not Yet Grown-Up, George W. (Rock) Pring

New Challenges for Environmental Protection: Second Sino-American Conference on Environmental Law (October 12-13)

98 pages.

Contains footnotes.

Existing Legal Treatment Of Developing Countries: Differential, Contextual, And Absolute Norms, Daniel Barstow Magraw

New Challenges for Environmental Protection: Second Sino-American Conference on Environmental Law (October 12-13)

53 pages.

Contains 11 pages of endnotes.

The Probe, Issue 96 - October 1989

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

THE PROBE National Animal Damage Control Association
OCTOBER 1989
NADCA Executive Board Meeting
4th Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference
Membership
Letters to Ye Ed
Animal Rights
Lyme Disease
Personel
APHIS Activity Report
The Rocky Mountain Humane Society
Eagles to be Poison-test Guinea Pigs
NADCA Survey

The Planet, 1989, Fall, Sara Olason, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

The Planet

No abstract provided.

Spruce Budworm In Maine: The End Of The Outbreak: Biological Conditions In 1986, 1987, And 1988, And A Look At The Future, Henry Trial Jr.

Maine Collection

Spruce Budworm in Maine: The End of the Outbreak: Biological Conditions in 1986, 1987, and 1988, and a Look at the Future

by Henry Trial, Jr., Insect and Disease Management Division

Technical Report No. 28

Maine Forest Service, Dept. of Conservation, Augusta, Maine, October 1989.

Contents: Introduction / Biological Conditions in 1986, 1987, and 1988 / Control Activities / Forest Conditions-1986 to 1988 and a Look at the Future / Spray Operations and Forecast of Conditions in Quebec and New Brunswick, 1986-1988 / The Future of Budworm in the Region and in Maine / List of Figures / List of …

A Comparison Study Between The Tenax Trap And The Canister Collection Methods For Determination Of Volatile Organic Compounds, Li-Ching Lillian Hung

Theses

A comparison between the analytical methods for determination of volatile organic compounds, using Tenax GC as an adsorbent and using stainless steel canister collection is made.

Sample collection, analytical system and procedures, data analyses, as well as their fortes and their drawbacks, etc., are discussed.

In addition, a brief description of the developmental history of the above methods as used in the Air Pollution Research Laboratory at the New Jersey Institute of Technology in Newark, New Jersey, is given.

Analysis Of C2 And C3 Hydrocarbons In Ambient Air. Part 1 ; Development Of Simple Analysis For Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Part 2, Li-Li Wu

Theses

SECTION I

A method was developed to analyze C₂ and C₃ light hydrocarbons: Acetylene, Ethylene, Ethane, Propyne, Propylene and Propane levels in the ambient air. Chlorinated compounds which eluted within the gas chromatograph operation conditions needed for the above hydrocarbons included Freon 12 and Methylene chloride, were also monitored.

Samples were collected from two sites, one located at Carteret and one at Elizabeth New Jersey. Samples were taken from September 1988 through July 1989. The sampling method used stainless steel canisters and was set up to collect 24 hour air samples at a constant flow rate of 30-35 …

Effects Of Free-Ranging Cats On Wildlife: A Progress Report, J. S. Coleman, S. A. Temple

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

We have embarked upon a three-year study to determine the density and distribution of free-ranging cats (Felis catus) and their effects on prey populations in rural Wisconsin. The effects of predation by free-ranging cats on wildlife populations are potentially great and have not been adequately accounted for in wildlife management programs. In rural Illinois there was an average of 5.6 free ranging cats per farm (Warner 1985). If densities elsewhere are similar, then a state such as Wisconsin, with over 200,000 active and retired farms, could have over 1 million free-ranging cats on farms. In other studies (Bradt …

Survey Of Mississippi Catfish Farmers On Means, Effort, And Costs To Repel Fish-Eating Birds From Ponds, A. R. Stickley, K. J. Andrews

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Eighty-seven percent of 281 Mississippi catfish farmers felt that fish-eating birds were enough of a problem to warrant harassment. Farmers estimated that they spent an average of 2.6 man-hours per day harassing birds at an average annual cost of $7400. Sixty percent of the farmers who harassed birds did so by driving around the ponds and firing at birds to repel them. Propane exploders and pyrotechnics were also used. Pyrotechnics were judged the most effective repellent technique. The cost of bird harassment according to these farmers is $2.1 million. The value of fish loss to cormorants alone is roughly estimated …

An Automatic Trigger For Bird Frightening Devices, Steve Price, John Adams

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

This triggering unit for animal frightening devices was developed because of an expressed need for a more effective method of breaking up starling and grackle roosts. The USDA, Animal Damage Control (ADC) office in Louisville, KY suggested that a device which detected the presence of the birds before activating and then emitted different sounds would be much more effective than single functioning devices on timers. Existing frightening devices have limited effectiveness because the birds become accustom to the repeated and periodic actuations of the same thing over and over again. In November of 1986, Mr. Bernice Constantin, District Supervisor for …

The Effectiveness Of Orco Mole Bait In Controlling Mole Damage, Dale K. Elshoff, Glenn R. Dudderar

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The tunneling damage caused by eastern moles (Scalopus aguaticus) and starnosed moles (Condylura cristata) is well known to professionals in lawn care, golfcourse maintenance, and turfgrass production, as well as many private landowners. Present damage control methods, including trapping, gas and smoke fumigants, and insecticide applications have a wide variety of limitations and prove impractical in some situations. An easily applied mole damage control method is needed that professional and nonprofessional applicators can use in a variety of environmental and physical conditions.

This study tested the effectiveness of Orco Mole Bait, a chlorophacinone pellet placed in …

Depredation Permits For Migratory Birds, Larry L. Hood

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

All of the native species of birds in the United States are protected by either federal or state laws. Under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, the federal government has formulated regulations that assist in controlling protected species that cause economic damage or health hazards. These regulations are in Subpoint D of Part 21, Title SO Code of Federal Regulations, and may take the form of standing depredation orders or permits issued to kill those species that cause problems.

An Investigation Of Animal Damage Associated With Maple Syrup Production, J. Alan May, Dennis Slate

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

An increase in the use of plastic tubing systems to collect sap from sugar maples (Acer saccharum) has allowed syrup producers to boost production in recent years, but not without cost. Rodents gnawing on tubing, spouts, and fittings may cause damage in excess of $300,000 annually in Vermont, the largest maple producing state. Red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis), and chipmunks (Tamias striatus) appear to be responsible for the majority of damage. Other species including flying squirrels (Glaucomvs sabrinus), white-footed mice (Peromvscus leucopus), porcupines (Erethizon …

Revolution In Bird Control, Air Birdstrike Prevention Inc.

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Over 90% of all civil bird strikes in the U.S. occur at altitudes up to 3,000 feet above the ground and in the close vicinity of the airport. Many species of birds are involved, but almost 50% of all strikes involve gulls.

A Review Of The Status Of Bird Management Products And Devices In The United States, Charles W. Areson

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Commercial urban /industrial structural pest bird control is approaching a time of crisis. Several long-standing toxicants that have been used as a major part of pest bird control programs are either suspended, at risk of suspension, or have had their production terminated by the manufacturer. "Environmental groups" are up in arms about the use and misuse of pesticides. Lawsuits have been filed to stop the use of some products, and political pressure has brought about reviews of some pesticide products on both the state and federal levels. EPA has seemed to have a "get tough" policy in its reregistration guidelines, …

Laughing Gulls At Jfk Airport: Safety Hazard Or Wildlife Resource?, R. A. Dolbeer, M. Chevalier, P. P. Woronecki, E. B. Butler

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

John F. Kennedy International Airport is adjacent to Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge administered by the National Park Service. In 1979, 15 pairs of laughing gulls (Larus atricilla) nested on the refuge, the first recolonization of Long Island by this species since the gulls' disappearance from New York around 1900. The colony, with nests as close as 0.4 km to 1 runway, has subsequently increased to about 3,000 pairs. From 1970 to 1978, only 1 laughing gull strike by an aircraft was recorded at JFK. From 1979 through August 1989, 800 strikes were recorded, including 179 in 1989, in spite of …

Evaluation Of A Canada Goose Call-Activated Switch For Crop Damage Abatement, James W. Heinrich, Scott R. Craven

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Damage and nuisance problems caused by Canada geese (Branta canadensis) are difficult to control with current abatement technology. We tested the efficacy of a goose call-activated switch as a modification for propane exploders (gas cannons), using recorded Canada goose calls and live goose trials. We recorded a 30 m range for the switch and found that it was activated by a range of non-target sounds. The development of this device and the technology involved are discussed. The call-activated switch is not a useful tool in reducing Canada goose damage in crop fields.

Canada geese frequently feed on agricultural …

Economic Impact And Control Of Wading Birds At Arkanas Minnow Ponds, Michael D. Hoy, Jeffery W. Jones, Albert E. Bivings

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Esophageal/stomach contents of 172 little blue herons (Egretta caerulea), great egrets (Casmerodius albus), snowy egrets (Egretta thula), and great blue herons (Ardea herodias) were analyzed to estimate their consumption of golden shiners. Mean and maximum number of golden shiners consumed/bird, as well as the mean total length of golden shiners consumed by each wading bird species was determined. Loss estimates varied by wading bird species and ranged from $0.10 - $1.12/bird/feeding. Loss estimates reflect the severity of problems with wading birds on minnow ponds and the need to reduce losses by use …

The Usda-Aphis-Adc Program In The United States, Bobby R. Acord

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The ADC program was transferred to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service in 1986. Shortly after the transfer, the Secretary of Agriculture established the National Animal Damage Control Advisory Committee (NADCAC). Current and future issues facing ADC are discussed in the context of NADCAC recommendations.

Epa Update On Vertebrate Pesticides, William W. Jacobs

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulates pesticides under the authority of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). Vertebrate pesticides are subsumed under the heading "rodenticides" and, under FIFRA, are regulated similarly to other pesticides.

Wildlife Damage To Crops: Perceptions Of Agricultural And Wildlife Professionals In 1957 And 1987, Michael R. Conover, Daniel J. Decker

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

We surveyed state wildlife agencies, state agricultural departments, Wildlife Extension Specialists, U.S.D.A. Animal Damage Control agents, and state Farm Bureau officials to develop a national perspective of wildlife damage to agricultural crops in the U.S. A broad consensus existed that wildlife damage was a major problem, although groups often differed in their perceptions of the seriousness of specific problems. The complexity of the wildlife damage problem was apparent in that 27 different wildlife species were cited as causing the greatest problem to a state's farmers. Nevertheless, 38-80% of the respondents from every group surveyed stated that deer were their worst …

Wildlife Damage In Electric Substations In New York, Jody W. Enck

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Wildlife managers have long been concerned with the damage wildlife can cause, especially to agricultural crops. However, one area which has received little research is the damage caused by wildlife to electric substations. Such research is needed because damage to electric substations increases operating costs of utilities and reduces reliability of service to customers.

Six member utilities of the Empire State Electric Energy Research Corporation (ESEERCO) were surveyed to identify classes of substations experiencing animal-caused faults (i.e., short circuits), and to determine the impacts of those faults. Records of more than 200 animal-caused faults occurring from 1970-88 were examined. The …

Ecologically Sensitive Management Options For Bats, Paul B. Robertson

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Over the past decade, there has been a dramatic, positive shift in the public image of bats in the United States (Tuttle 1988a). This shift is particularly impressive in light of the inappropriate and poor public image that bats have suffered in most western nations in the last century. Over the past decade, a sizable segment of the U.S. public, as well as local, state and national officials, have been educated to the ecological and economic value of bats which results from their insectivory and plant pollination activities (Olkowski and Olkowski 1989, Tuttle 1988b). The fact that they pose a …

Animal Damage Control And The Wildlife Profession, Gary J. San Julian

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Conflicts between man and wildlife have always been a part of our history. We have tried to control the damage caused by wildlife and found that this was not always in the best interest of the resource. The role of animal damage control in our profession has changed and so has the public's view of it. As professionals we must strive to explain the need and value of wildlife damage management to our peers, the public and our detractors. This can be accomplished by participation in our professional organizations, the presentation of papers at scientific meetings, and open discussion of …

Impact Of Wolves On White-Tailed Deer In North-Central Minnesota, Todd K. Fuller

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Field studies conducted in north-central Minnesota during 1980- 1986 suggest that wolves (Canis lupus) killed about 6% of the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) population (including fawns). Given certain assumptions, simple equations can be used to estimate sustainable numbers of deer, wolves, and hunter harvest in an area.