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Articles 5101 - 5130 of 6660

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Population Dynamics And Management Of Deer In Wisconsin, Keith R. Mccaffery Sep 1989

Population Dynamics And Management Of Deer In Wisconsin, Keith R. Mccaffery

Fourth Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference (1989)

Management of deer in Wisconsin is affected by a combination of biological and environmental factors. In the Northern Forest, winter severity dramatically affects annual survival and recruitment. However, deer density goals here are above "I" carrying capacity. Thus, minor errors in harvest management are in part compensated by herd responses. Deer in the farmland areas of the state are maintained at goals that for the most part are below "I" carrying capacity. Errors in harvest management are magnified in farmland because herd responses are not compensatory. Therefore, the harvest quotas for antlerless deer must be more precise in our farmland …

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Coyote Depredation Control In New York - An Integrated Approach, Thomas N. Tomsa, James E. Forbes Sep 1989

Coyote Depredation Control In New York - An Integrated Approach, Thomas N. Tomsa, James E. Forbes

Fourth Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference (1989)

The New York State Cooperative Coyote Damage Control Program was established in late 1986 through a cooperative agreement between the New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets (NYSDAM) and USDA/ APHIS/ ADC in response to escalating complaints of coyote (Canis latrans) depredations on sheep from 1980-85. Ten counties with histories of and/or potential for coyote/livestock conflicts were identified and targeted for publicity and primary program emphasis. Program staff received 58 reports of coyote depredations on 182 sheep from 32 producers in the ten target counties and seven outlying counties from May 1987 through May 1989/ and verified 46 complaints …

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Depredation Permits For Migratory Birds, Larry L. Hood Sep 1989

Depredation Permits For Migratory Birds, Larry L. Hood

Fourth Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference (1989)

All of the native species of birds in the United States are protected by either federal or state laws. Under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, the federal government has formulated regulations that assist in controlling protected species that cause economic damage or health hazards. These regulations are in Subpoint D of Part 21, Title 50 Code of Federal Regulations, and may take the form of standing depredation orders or permits issued to kill those species that cause problems.

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An Investigation Of Animal Damage Associated With Maple Syrup Production, J. Allan May, Dennis Slate Sep 1989

An Investigation Of Animal Damage Associated With Maple Syrup Production, J. Allan May, Dennis Slate

Fourth Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference (1989)

An increase in the use of plastic tubing systems to collect sap from sugar maples (Acer saccharum) has allowed syrup producers to boost production in recent years, but not without cost. Rodents gnawing on tubing, spouts, and fittings may cause damage in excess of $300,000 annually in Vermont, the largest maple producing state. Red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis), and chipmunks (Tamias striatus) appear to be responsible for the majority of damage. Other species including flying squirrels (Glaucomvs sabrinus) , white-footed mice (Peromvscus leucopus), porcupines ( …

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A Revolution In Bird Control, Michael Amir Sep 1989

A Revolution In Bird Control, Michael Amir

Fourth Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference (1989)

Bird control methods currently in use at airports are often effective for only a short period of time and are only designed to frighten birds on the ground. Air Birdstrike Prevention Inc. (ABP Inc.) has designed and developed a new approach. Remote controlled aircraft, equipped with airborne pyrotechnic devices,(U.S. and Canada Patent Pending), that flies after the birds, redirecting them out of the airport and reducing the bird population in the airport vicinity without harming the birds.

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Preliminary Evaluation Of A Granular Trimethacarb Formulation For Deterring Grazing By American Coots, Michael L. Avery, Curtis Nelms, J. Russell Mason Sep 1989

Preliminary Evaluation Of A Granular Trimethacarb Formulation For Deterring Grazing By American Coots, Michael L. Avery, Curtis Nelms, J. Russell Mason

Fourth Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference (1989)

In a 0.2 ha flight pen, groups of 4 American coots were tested to determine if their grazing activity could be affected by application of a registered granular-trimethacarb insecticide. In the 3 days following treatment (3 kg/ha, a.i.), grazing activity in the treated portions of the 200 m2 experimental plots was reduced an average of 47X. Overall use of the treated areas followed a similar pattern but was less consistent among groups. The addition of methylpyrazine, a strong odorant, produced a strong initial suppression of grazing activity in the treated halves of the plots. However, subsequent rain and a change …

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The Role Of Private Enterprise In Wildlife Damage Control, Lynn Braband Sep 1989

The Role Of Private Enterprise In Wildlife Damage Control, Lynn Braband

Fourth Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference (1989)

In addressing the role of private enterprise in wildlife damage control, I will not be bringing the final word or a comprehensively exhaustive report. Rather, I will be presenting some perspectives as the representative of a firm with extensive involvement with wildlife damage control as a business. My comments will be divided into why, what, how, and the future.

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Persistence Of Tartrazine In Marking Sheep Wool, Richard J. Burns, Peter J. Savarie Sep 1989

Persistence Of Tartrazine In Marking Sheep Wool, Richard J. Burns, Peter J. Savarie

Fourth Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference (1989)

Tartrazine was examined as a possible replacement marker for rhodamine B in the Livestock Protection Collar. Test solutions were formulated in six combinations; tartrazine at 0.5% and 1.07. concentrations, with and without compound 1080, and with and without nigrosin black. Each solution was examined for persistence of color in the laboratory and when applied to the wool of dried sheep hide. Hide pieces were allowed to weather naturally or were sprinkled to simulate rain. Tartrazine alone was also tested at concentrations of 0.5% and 1.0% on the necks of sheep. Over a 3—month period, no fading was noted in the …

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Controlling Roosting Starlings In Industrial Facilities By Baiting, Bernice U. Constantin, James F. Glahn Sep 1989

Controlling Roosting Starlings In Industrial Facilities By Baiting, Bernice U. Constantin, James F. Glahn

Fourth Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference (1989)

During the winters of 1987-88 and 1988-89 a study was conducted to evaluate the potential of DRC-1339 baiting for controlling roosting European Starlings (Sturnus vulgarus) at Tennessee Eastman Company's chemical manufacturing plant in Kingsport, Tennessee. In 1987-88 Starlicide Complete® (1 %, DRC-1339 treated poultry pellets diluted 1:9 with untreated poultry pellets) was used in pre-roosting congregating areas adjacent to the roost. In 1988-89 Starlicide Complete® and DRC-1339 treated bread were used in bait containers placed in the roosting structure. Although 90 lbs of Starlicide Complete® was consumed during 1987-88, bait consumption was sporadic and no appreciable change in …

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Wildlife Damage To Crops: Perceptions Of Agricultural And Wildlife Professionals In 1957 And 1987, Michael R. Conover, Daniel J. Decker Sep 1989

Wildlife Damage To Crops: Perceptions Of Agricultural And Wildlife Professionals In 1957 And 1987, Michael R. Conover, Daniel J. Decker

Fourth Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference (1989)

We surveyed state wildlife agencies, state agricultural departments, Wildlife Extension Specialists, U.S.D.A. Animal Damage Control agents, and state Farm Bureau officials to develop a national perspective of wildlife damage to agricultural crops in the U.S. A broad concensus existed that wildlife damage was a major problem, although groups often differed in their perceptions of the seriousness of specific problems. The complexity of the wildlife damage problem was apparent in that 27 different wildlife species were cited as causing the greatest problem to a state's farmers. Nevertheless, 38-80% of the respondents from every group surveyed stated that deer were their worst …

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Beaver And Beaver Dam Removal In Wisconsin Trout Streams, Larry Dickerson Sep 1989

Beaver And Beaver Dam Removal In Wisconsin Trout Streams, Larry Dickerson

Fourth Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference (1989)

Beaver (Castor canadensis) dam building activities create many long-term affects on stream ecosystems. Beaver dams may negatively influence trout fisheries by creating physical barriers to spawning areas, increasing sediment retention, and increasing water temperatures. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) Animal Damage Control (ADC) program in Wisconsin, entered into cooperative agreements with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) and the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) on the Nicolet National Forest from June through September, 1988, to remove beaver and beaver dams from priority classed trout streams. Four hundred and eight beaver …

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Laughing Gulls At Jfk Airport: Safety Hazard Or Wildlife Resource?, R.A. Dolbeer, M. Chevalier, P.P. Woronecki, E.B. Butler Sep 1989

Laughing Gulls At Jfk Airport: Safety Hazard Or Wildlife Resource?, R.A. Dolbeer, M. Chevalier, P.P. Woronecki, E.B. Butler

Fourth Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference (1989)

John F. Kennedy International Airport is adjacent to Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge administered by the National Park Service. In 1979, 15 pairs of laughing gulls (Larus atricilla) nested on the refuge, the first recolonization of Long Island by this species since the gulls' disappearance from New York around 1900. The colony, with nests as close as 0.4 km to 1 runway, has subsequently increased to about 3,000 pairs. From 1970 to 1978, only 1 laughing gull strike by an aircraft was recorded at JFK. From 1979 through August 1989, 800 strikes were recorded, including 179 in 1989, in …

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A Fencing Technique To Reduce Raccoon Feeding Damage To Sugarcane Research Plots, Hugh P. Fanguy, Dwight Leblanc Sep 1989

A Fencing Technique To Reduce Raccoon Feeding Damage To Sugarcane Research Plots, Hugh P. Fanguy, Dwight Leblanc

Fourth Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference (1989)

Damage caused by the feeding of raccoons (Procvon lotor) on stalks of sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) has occurred for several years on the 200-acre U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) research farm located near Houma, Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana. Damage begins when sugarcane mature internodes begin to from in late June and early July, and continues until the completion of harvest in late December. Raccoons appear to prefer varieties having low fiber and/or high sugar content and can severely damage these varieties (personal observation). Depredation by these animals frequently result in loss of data as preferred varieties …

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Frontmatter And Contents Sep 1989

Frontmatter And Contents

Fourth Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference (1989)

Frontmatter, Contents, Schedules, and Exhibitors

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Wildlife Damage In Electric Substations In New York, Jody W. Enck Sep 1989

Wildlife Damage In Electric Substations In New York, Jody W. Enck

Fourth Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference (1989)

Wildlife managers have long been concerned with the damage wildlife can cause, especially to agricultural crops. However, one area which has received little research is the damage caused by wildlife to electric substations. Such research is needed because damage to electric substations increases operating costs of utilities and reduces reliability of service to customers.

Six member utilities of the Empire State Electric Energy Research Corporation (ESEERCO) were surveyed to identify classes of substations experiencing animal-caused faults (i.e., short circuits), and to determine the impacts of those faults. Records of more than 200 animal-caused faults occurring from 1970-88 were examined. The …

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Evaluation Of A Canada Goose Call-Activated Switch For Crop Damage Abatement, James W. Heinrich, Scott R. Craven Sep 1989

Evaluation Of A Canada Goose Call-Activated Switch For Crop Damage Abatement, James W. Heinrich, Scott R. Craven

Fourth Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference (1989)

Damage and nuisance problems caused by Canada geese (Branta canadensis) are difficult to control with current abatement technology. We tested the efficacy of a goose call-activated switch as a modification for propane exploders (gas cannons), using recorded Canada goose calls and live goose trials. We recorded a 30 m range for the switch and found that it was activated by a range of non-target sounds. The development of this device and the technology involved are discussed. The call-activated switch is not a useful tool in reducing Canada goose damage in crop fields.

Canada geese frequently feed on agricultural …

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Impact Of Wolves On White-Tailed Deer In North-Central Minnesota, Todd K. Fuller Sep 1989

Impact Of Wolves On White-Tailed Deer In North-Central Minnesota, Todd K. Fuller

Fourth Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference (1989)

Field studies conducted in north-central Minnesota during 1980-1986 suggest that wolves (Canis lupus) killed about 6% of the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) population (including fawns). Given certain assumptions, simple equations can be used to estimate sustainable numbers of deer, wolves, and hunter harvest in an area.

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Zinc Phosphide Rodenticide Reduces Cotton Rat Populations In Florida Sugarcane, Nicholas R. Holler, David G. Decker Sep 1989

Zinc Phosphide Rodenticide Reduces Cotton Rat Populations In Florida Sugarcane, Nicholas R. Holler, David G. Decker

Fourth Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference (1989)

Rodents cause extensive damage to sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) in southern Florida (Samol 1972). Losses have been estimated as high as $235/ha (Lefebvre et al. 1978). Cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) and roof rats (Rattus rattus) are responsible for most of the damage (Holler et al. 1981). In-field treatment is required for effective reduction of rat populations because of the distribution and restricted movement patterns of rats within fields (Lefebvre et al. 1985a). Zinc phosphide (2%) baits are the only rodenticide baits registered for in-field use in Florida sugarcane. A preliminary test of in-crop aerial application …

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Wildlife Disease Concerns In Animal Damage Control, Sarah Shapiro Hurley Sep 1989

Wildlife Disease Concerns In Animal Damage Control, Sarah Shapiro Hurley

Fourth Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference (1989)

There are many facets to the topic of wildlife disease concerns in animal damage control, but the area that I have chosen to discuss is that of zoonotic disease - diseases which are transmissible in nature between humans and other animals. The list of zoonoses is extensive and in the time available only a few can be reviewed.

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Gopher: A Computerized Cost/Benefit Analysis, Scott E. Hygnstrom, Ronald M. Case Sep 1989

Gopher: A Computerized Cost/Benefit Analysis, Scott E. Hygnstrom, Ronald M. Case

Fourth Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference (1989)

GOPHER is a computer program that can assist landowners, extension agents, and resource personnel in determining the cost-effectiveness of various methods of pocket gopher control. The program is interactive and user-friendly. It allows for the input of variables, including: crop type, acreage, expected yield and value, and acreage infested. Material and labor costs can be assigned or standard default values can be used. Other "fixed" variables can be changed, including: pocket gopher density and rate of increase, rate of treatment, rate of retreatment, and forage recovery rate. With these variables and values, GOPHER generates the costs, time, and economic feasibility …

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Florida's Nuisance Alligator Control Program, Michael L. Jennings, Allan R. Woodward, Dennis N. David Sep 1989

Florida's Nuisance Alligator Control Program, Michael L. Jennings, Allan R. Woodward, Dennis N. David

Fourth Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference (1989)

The recovery of alligators from centuries of exploitation, coupled with a burgeoning human population in Florida has resulted in an increasing number of problem animals and alligator attacks. In response to this problem, the Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission implemented a nuisance alligator control program in 1978. A mean of 2513 nuisance alligators per year was harvested during the period 1978 to 1988. The number of alligator complaints, nuisance alligators harvested, and alligator attacks increased significantly over the period (P=0.0003, P=0.0001, and P=0.04). The value of alligator meat remained stable at about $5.00/pound over the same period, while …

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Factors Affecting Deer Use Of Hybrid Corn In Winter, David K. Ingebrigtsen, Jay B. Mcaninch Sep 1989

Factors Affecting Deer Use Of Hybrid Corn In Winter, David K. Ingebrigtsen, Jay B. Mcaninch

Fourth Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference (1989)

We compared white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) use of 15 field corn (Zea mays) hybrids grown in food plots near 3 deer wintering areas in southwestern Minnesota, 1987-88. Physical and morphological characteristics of corn varied significantly among sites, subplots and among hybrids. Deer use of hybrids was significantly different and 5 use groups of hybrids were identified. A significant linear relationship was found between use and ear height. Hybrids with higher ears and less husk coverage were preferred by deer. These findings suggest that deer preferences for corn hybrids are affected more by deer pressure, ear height …

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Population Dynamics And Harvest Response Of Beaver, Neil F. Payne Sep 1989

Population Dynamics And Harvest Response Of Beaver, Neil F. Payne

Fourth Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference (1989)

"For when we speak of the fur trade, we mean the beaver trade. Other furs were handled; others — notably the rich sea otter — were more valuable by far. But the beaver was the root and core of the trade ... Many men died, a continent was explored, an indigenous [human] race degraded and its culture crushed; all because beaver fur, with its tiny barbs, felted up better than any other" (Berry 1961:18).

The habits of beaver (Castor canadensis) allow them to be located and trapped readily, resulting in their extirpation from many areas. Beaver populations have …

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Wolf Depredation On Livestock In Minnesota Annual Update Of Statistics - 1988, William J. Paul Sep 1989

Wolf Depredation On Livestock In Minnesota Annual Update Of Statistics - 1988, William J. Paul

Fourth Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference (1989)

Depredation by wolves (Canis lupus) on livestock and poultry in Minnesota is a problem for some producers. A small percentage of the farms in the wolf range are affected annually and a few of these farms suffer substantial monetary loss in a given year. From 1976 through 1988, the number of farms suffering verified wolf depredations ranged from 9 to 38 (x = 23) per year out of about 7,200. From 1977 through 1988 the highest cattle losses claimed by farmers were 0.45 per 1,000 available in 1979; the highest sheep losses claimed were 2.66 per 1,000 available …

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Ecologically Sensitive Management Options For Bats, Paul B. Robertson Sep 1989

Ecologically Sensitive Management Options For Bats, Paul B. Robertson

Fourth Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference (1989)

Over the past decade, there has been a dramatic, positive shift in the public image of bats in the United States (Tuttle 1988a). This shift is particularly impressive in light of the inappropriate and poor public image that bats have suffered in most western nations in the last century. Over the past decade, a sizeable segment of the U.S. public, as well as local, state and national officials, have been educated to the ecological and economic value of bats which results from their insectivory and plant pollination activities (Olkowski and Olkowski 1989, Tuttle 1988b). The fact that they pose a …

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Animal Damage Control And The Wildlife Profession, Gary J. San Julian Sep 1989

Animal Damage Control And The Wildlife Profession, Gary J. San Julian

Fourth Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference (1989)

Conflicts between man and wildlife have always been a part of our history. We have tried to control the damage caused by wildlife and found that this was not always in the best interest of the resource. The role of animal damage control in our profession has changed and so has the public's view of it. As professionals we must strive to explain the need and value of wildlife damage management to our peers, the public and our detractors. This can be accomplished by participation in our professional organizations, the presentation of papers at scientific meetings, and open discussion of …

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An Automatic Trigger For Bird Frightening Devices, Steve Price, John Adams Sep 1989

An Automatic Trigger For Bird Frightening Devices, Steve Price, John Adams

Fourth Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference (1989)

This triggering unit for animal frightening devices was developed because of an expressed need for a more effective method of breaking up starling and grackle roosts. The USDA, Animal Damage Control (ADC) office in Louisville, KY suggested that a device which detected the presence of the birds before activating and then emitted different sounds would be much more effective than single functioning devices on timers. Existing frightening devices have limited effectiveness because the birds become accustom to the repeated and periodic actuations of the same thing over and over again. In November of 1986, Mr. Bernice Constantin, District Supervisor for …

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Extent And Nature Of Deer Damage To Commercial Nurseries In New York, Roger W. Sayre, Daniel J. Decker Sep 1989

Extent And Nature Of Deer Damage To Commercial Nurseries In New York, Roger W. Sayre, Daniel J. Decker

Fourth Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference (1989)

We surveyed nursery producers in New York to determine the extent, nature and economic impact of deer damage to their operations, and to assess their attitudes towards deer. Seventy-three percent of the producers experienced deer damage to their crops in 1988. Average costs for replacement were nearly $6,000 per grower for those reporting damage estimates (and over $8,000 if 1 extreme value was included). Statewide damage estimates ranged from $500,000 to $1.2 million (depending on assumptions). Forty-six percent used damage control, which cost an average of about $2,000 per grower. More than 80% of the producers were classified as "non-accepting" …

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Fertility Control As A Tool For Regulation Of Wildlife Populations, U.S. Seal Sep 1989

Fertility Control As A Tool For Regulation Of Wildlife Populations, U.S. Seal

Fourth Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference (1989)

Biological control of reproduction and fertility is a normal part of the life history of all organisms. Control mechanisms allow timing of reproduction with respect to age, time of day, season, and other periodic environmental events. Further modulation can occur with variations in temperature, rainfall, nutrition, and health status. Interactions with other members of the species, ranging from pherohormonal stimulation of estrus to social delay of puberty and breeding to infanticide, provide further constraints upon fertility and recruitment. All of these processes ultimately act through molecular neuroendocrine mechanisms that are under genetic control and are subject to natural selection and …

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Demonstration Electric Fences To Control Black Bear Damage To Apiaries In New York State, Janet L. Sillings, Thomas N. Tomas Jr., James E. Forbes Sep 1989

Demonstration Electric Fences To Control Black Bear Damage To Apiaries In New York State, Janet L. Sillings, Thomas N. Tomas Jr., James E. Forbes

Fourth Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference (1989)

The New York State black bear (Ursus americanus) population/ approximately 4,000 animals (Clarke 1977)/ causes damage to apiaries in the Catskill/ Adirondack/ and Southern Tier regions of the state. During 1987/ 1988/ and 1989, USDA Animal Damage Control (ADC) administered a program in New York to control bear damage to apiaries. Control activities were carried out pursuant to a Cooperative Agreement between ADC and the New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets/ and were supported by matching Federal- State contributions. Program objectives were beekeeper education aimed at preventing bear damage and for the construction of demonstration temporary electric fences. …

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