Sports Sciences Commons^™

Just Pin It: Understanding The Dynamics Of Pinterest Use, Motivation, Self-Efficacy, And Health Behaviors, Kathryn E. Dolphin, Rachel Char, Summer Rogers

Health Behavior Research

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Image-based social media platforms, such as Pinterest, have revolutionized how individuals seek, share, and interpret health information. Previous research suggests a link between consuming social media content and intentions to engage in health behaviors; however, it is unclear if individuals who actively seek health-related information on social media engage in healthier behaviors. This mixed-methods study explored the relationships among Pinterest use, motivations, self-efficacy, and health behaviors. Women participants (n = 227) completed surveys that included sociodemographic characteristics, motivation, self-efficacy, Pinterest use, and diet and exercise behaviors. Independent samples t-tests assessed differences in exercise behaviors, and multivariate analyses of variance …

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What Are The Most Effective Exercise, Physical Activity And Dietary Interventions To Improve Body Composition In Women Diagnosed With Or At High-Risk Of Breast Cancer? A Systematic Review And Network Meta-Analysis, Christine Kudiarasu, Pedro Lopez, Daniel A. Galvão, Robert U. Newton, Dennis R. Taaffe, Lorna Mansell, Brianna Fleay, Christobel Saunders, Caitlin Fox-Harding, Favil Singh

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

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Background: Obesity has been recognized as a risk factor in the development and recurrence of breast cancer and is also associated with poor prognostic outcomes. This systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed to identify the most effective exercise, physical activity, and dietary interventions to reduce fat mass, body fat percentage and body weight as well as potentially increase lean mass in women diagnosed with or at high risk of breast cancer. Methods: A systematic search of databases was performed up to May 2022. Eligible randomized controlled trials examined the effects of exercise, physical activity and/or dietary interventions on fat mass …

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A Case Study Examining Health And Fitness Effects Of Thru Hiking The Pacific Crest Trail, Holland Gaston, Dante Argento, Anna Grexton, Cory Greever

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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The Pacific Crest Trail (PCT), a long-distance hiking route spanning from the U.S.-Mexico Border to the U.S.-Canada border, is a compelling research topic for studying human performance. Thru hiking involves enduring high volumes of moderate-vigorous exercise, load carriage of survival gear, environmental conditions, hydration, nutrition, sleep, and psychological well-being, alongside addressing challenges like navigation, limited resupply, encounters with wild animals and injury/illness. PURPOSE: This case study investigated the impact of thru hiking the PCT on physical fitness and health in a cohort of three non-elite male hikers. METHODS: The participants had two visits to the lab, following an 8-12 hour …

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Potentially Misleading Weight Loss Advertisements Targeting Men: Examining Influence Of Celebrity Athlete Endorsement On Ad Believability And Purchase Intentions, Andrew C. Pickett, Katie M. Brown, Zack J. Damon, Natasha T. Brison

Health Behavior Research

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Given the prevalence of false or exaggerated claims in advertisements for weight loss products, as well as risks associated with use of unproven dietary supplements and exercise plans, they are subject to heightened scrutiny from regulators. However, celebrity athlete endorsers are increasingly featured in advertisements promoting weight loss products targeting men. This study employed a 2x2 (athlete endorser vs. non-celebrity; plausible vs. unrealistic advertising claim) experimental design, whereby participants (n= 292) were exposed to one of four ad conditions. Results suggest the athlete endorser was perceived as more credible than a non-celebrity, being rated as more expert. Significant …

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Barriers To Adopting Lifestyle Behaviors Under The Prism Of Lifestyle Medicine, Janyll Barber, Zacharias Papadakis, Matthew Manierre, Ali Boolani, Andreas Stamatis

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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According to the ACSM, lifestyle medicine (LM) is in the top 20 worldwide fitness trends for 2022. The LM pillars of a plant-based diet, physical activity, adequate sleep, stress management, social interactions, and avoidance of risky substances have been proposed as effective strategies for preventing and treating chronic conditions. However, implementing lifestyle behavioral changes to improve noncommunicable chronic disease outcomes has still been problematic. Individuals’ mental and physical status has been suggested as a key component in closing the gap between the intention to adopt a healthy lifestyle and actually adopting that behavior. PURPOSE: To examine the associations of …

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How Does Diet Quality Predict The Performance Of Rotc Cadets On The Acft, Grant Calhoun, Sofia Harman, Annika C. Grams, Ruth Larson, Payton Price, Sara Thomasson, Kaitlyn Wabakken, Katelynn Brock, Zachary Zeigler, Anthony Acevedo

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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The Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT) is a newly developed test assessing U.S. Army soldiers' combat readiness. The Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015) is a questionnaire established by the USDA that quantifies overall diet quality. The HEI-2015 uses a scale of 0 to 100 with higher scores aligning more with the recommendations from the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The HEI-2015 is comprised of 13 subcategories: Total Fruits [TF], Whole Fruits [WF], Total Vegetables [TV], Greens and Beans [GB], Whole Grains [WG], Dairy [D], Total Protein foods [TP], Seafood and Plant Proteins [SPP], Fatty Acids [FA], Refined Grains [RG], Sodium [S], …

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Effects Of A Multicomponent Resistance-Based Exercise Program With Protein, Vitamin D And Calcium Supplementation On Cognition In Men With Prostate Cancer Treated With Adt: Secondary Analysis Of A 12-Month Randomised Controlled Trial, Niamh Liana Mundell, Patrick J. Owen, Jack Dalla Via, Helen Macpherson, Robin Daly, Patricia M. Livingston, Timo Rantalainen, Stephen Foulkes, Jerremy Millar, Declan G. Murphy, Steve Fraser

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

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OBJECTIVES: The aim of this preplanned secondary analysis of a 12-month randomised controlled trial was to investigate the effects of a multicomponent exercise programme combined with daily whey protein, calcium and vitamin D supplementation on cognition in men with prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). DESIGN: 12-month, two-arm, randomised controlled trial. SETTING: University clinical exercise centre. PARTICIPANTS: 70 ADT-treated men were randomised to exercise-training plus supplementation (Ex+ Suppl, n=34) or usual care (control, n=36). INTERVENTION: Men allocated to Ex + Suppl undertook thrice weekly resistance training with weight-bearing exercise training plus daily whey protein (25 g), calcium (1200 …

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Well-Being And Mental Health − Diet, Supplements, Exercise Or Sleep? A Review Of Reports From The Last Five Years, Elzbieta Grzywacz, Aleksandra Jaron

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

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In the 2020s we are faced with a problem of an ageing society. Not only do we see it and struggle to provide care for the elderly, but we also focus on constantly maintaining a good form related to our well-being as well as physical, mental and social functioning. The publications used in this review were sourced from the PubMed database and from Google Scholar. The paper uses articles published in English which are not older than 5 years. Analysis of the latest literature has shown that there is evidence that modifiable factors have a positive effect on our well-being …

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Assessment Of The Diet And Body Composition Of Students Recreationally Training Team Sports, Filip Michal Borys, Beata Zysk, Adrianna Zanko, Dominika Chimkowska, Joanna Smarkusz-Zarzecka, Barbara Kielczewska, Lucyna Ostrowska

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

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Background: Knowledge about nutrition and supplementation during increased physical activity is still insufficient among people recreationally training sports. The aim of the study was to assess the diet, supplementation and nutritional status, as well as to characterize the body composition of students who recreationally train team sports. Material and methods: The study group consisted of 49 students from team sports sections (19 basketball, 10 volleyball and 20 football). The research tools used in the study were: a 24-hour nutritional interview, a questionnaire (concerning dietary supplementation, the frequency and duration of training) and the results of body composition analysis. Results: The …

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Reverting To A Healthier Diet Or Employing An Aerobic Exercise Regime Independently Restore Muscle Fiber Phenotype Disturbed By High-Fat Diet In Muscle Of Mice, Nathan Serrano, Harkaran S. Sodhi, Kailin Johnsson, Laurel B. Winslow, Layla Al-Nakkash, Christos S. Katsanos

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Obesity affects roughly 42% of the US population. High fat/high sugar diets (HFHS) often referred to as “western diet” contributes to this prevalence. Diet-induced obesity results in impaired metabolic responses and associated disease states (i.e., Type 2 Diabetes). Metabolic impairments in diet-induced obesity are a result of changes in muscle metabolism, and changes in muscle fiber phenotype, which is determined by the isoform-content of the protein myosin heavy chain (MHC). Fast muscle fiber phenotype (i.e. type IIb in mice) is characterized by lower capacity for utilization of lipids, implicated in the pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes. Regular exercise shifts MHC …

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The Effect Of Sprint Interval Training And Intermittent Fasting On Cognitive Function, Dana Taghaddos

Undergraduate Student Research Internships Conference

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This study will explore how a combination of a time-restricted eating (TRE) strategy and a sprint interval training (SIT) exercise program will affect cognitive function. Both TRE and SIT are easily implemented lifestyle habits that have been shown to present significant brain challenges. Participants will be randomized into 3 groups: either SIT + TRE (Group 1), SIT alone (Group 2), or TRE alone (Group 3). We will assess acute effects (single day of TRE, followed by a single session of SIT the next day), and the effects over a 6 week period. The SIT protocol consists of four 30 second …

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Impact Of A Summer Nutrition And Physical Activity Intervention To Attenuate Obesity In Urban African-American Youth, Jermaine B. Mitchell, Antonio J. Gardner, Zachary Wahl-Alexander, Ben Schwamberger, Douglas Craddock Jr., Carol N. Agomo, Myia C. Lang

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

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Improved eating behaviors and daily participation in physical activity such as swimming might abate the likelihood of African American youth becoming obese. Yet many African American youth neither consume the recommended daily servings of nutritious foods nor know how to swim. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of a culturally tailored multicomponent summer intervention to reduce obesity and unintentional drownings among underserved African American youth. Children (n = 145) participated in a three-hour, community-based intervention for four weeks. Measures of children’s attitudes perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms toward swimming, nutrition, and physical fitness were …

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Influence Of Diet On Metabolic Physiology In People With And Without A Family History Of Type 2 Diabetes, Smaran Marupudi, Yu Lun Tai, Gabriel Figueroa, Saraswathy Nair, Jimmy Gonzalez, Emily Cisneros, Ryan D. Russell

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevalence in the Rio Grande Valley is ~27% versus the 9% national average. Simply having a family history (FH+) of type 2 diabetes (T2D) increases T2D prevalence by ~40 over those with no family history (FH-). We have shown that FH+ display early markers of cardiometabolic impairment vs FH-, such as blunted microvascular reactivity, and impaired metabolic flexibility. What is not yet known is the degree to which environment vs genetics may contribute to these impairments. PURPOSE: This pilot study seeks to examine normal dietary patterns between FH groups to identify potential patterns in macro- and …

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A Dietary Assessment Of Mid-Spectrum Chronic Kidney Disease, Kathleen E. Adair, Jeffrey S. Forsse, Matthew Peterson, Jeffery L. Heileson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Diets of adult individuals with mid-spectrum (stages III and IV) Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) remain understudied. The 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans food patterns based on the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) in concert with the National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKF KDOQI) guidelines are advised to individuals with CKD. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) remains the best method for tracking CKD progression, yet relationships between self-reported dietary intake and eGFR are understudied. PURPOSE: To assess the self-reported dietary pattern in patients with stage III or IV CKD in contrast to the RDA and NKF KDOQI dietary guidelines …

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The Effects Of Exercise On Diabetes Mellitus Ii, Jarrett Thompson, Tyler Marinelli

EXSI 432/532: Research Methods in Exercise Science: Research Proposal Posters

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No abstract provided.

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The Effects Of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation As An Ergogenic Aid On Ncaa Division Female Soccer Players, Hannah Cooper, Susan E. Helm Phd

Seaver College Research And Scholarly Achievement Symposium

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Undergraduate Research

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Assessing Overweight/Obesity, Dietary Habits, And Physical Activity In Hispanic College Students, Ulku S. Karabulut, Zasha Romero, Phillip Conatser, Murat Karabulut

Health & Human Performance Faculty Publications and Presentations

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Objectives

This study examined the overweight, obesity, dietary habits, and physical activity among Hispanic college students.

Methods

Eighty seven (n=87, age= 24.03 ± 5.69) Hispanic college students participated in the study. Descriptive and anthropometric measurements including resting heart rate (RHR), resting blood pressure (RBP), height, weight, body mass index (BMI), circumference measurements [waist at narrowest point (Xiphoid), and hip at widest point (Hip), body composition (BC) were collected. Subjects completed the Dietary Screener Questionnaire (DSQ). PA was estimated via Godin’s (2011) Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire.

Results

The mean BMI was 27.29±6.20 kg/m², in the overweight range. The mean WC …

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Diet And Sex Differences Induce Unique Alterations Of Markers For Blood Brain Barrier Integrity In Age-Accelerated Mice, Dakota R. Kamm, Kenneth A. Witt, Karin E. Sandoval, Megan L. Schaller, Matthew P. Harris, Joshua S. Wooten

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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The role of diet on brain health has received significant attention, with the Western diet (WD) contributing to cerebrovascular alterations and neurodegenerative disease. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) may play a particularly important role as it forms the interface between the peripheral circulation and the central nervous system. The WD has been shown to negatively impact the BBB. Whether there are sex specific differences with diet on BBB integrity remains unclear. PURPOSE: To determine the effect of diet and sex on the mRNA expression of markers of BBB integrity in an age-accelerated mouse model. METHODS: Male and female Senescence …

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Flexible Dieting And Metabolic Adaptation During Weight Loss: A Comprehensive Review, Bryce Lahaie

Senior Honors Projects

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Flexible dieting is a ubiquitous method of eating among the fitness population. It is not a diet, but rather a nutritional concept that refutes any diet that promotes cutting out entire foods or food groups as a method to lose weight. It is a structured and science-based method of eating that involves tracking calories through monitoring the three main macronutrients: carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. These macronutrients are individualized and adjusted for muscle growth, fat loss, or weight maintenance in order to optimize intake to facilitate the manipulation of body composition. Flexible dieting is a disciplined method of eating that teaches …

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Wellness And Multiple Sclerosis: The National Ms Society Establishes A Wellness Research Working Group And Research Priorities, Robert W. Motl, Ellen M. Mowry, Dawn M. Ehde, Nicholas G. Larocca, Kathy E. Smith, Kathleen Costello, Lynne Shinto, Alex V. Ng, Amy B. Sullivan, Barbara Geisser, Kevin K. Mccully, Bo Fernhall, Malachy Bishop, Matthew Plow, Patrizia Casaccia, Nancy D. Chiaravalloti

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

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Background:

People with multiple sclerosis (MS) have identified “wellness” and associated behaviors as a high priority based on “social media listening” undertaken by the National MS Society (i.e. the Society).

Objective:

The Society recently convened a group that consisted of researchers with experience in MS and wellness-related research, Society staff members, and an individual with MS for developing recommendations regarding a wellness research agenda.

Method:

The members of the group engaged in focal reviews and discussions involving the state of science within three approaches for promoting wellness in MS, namely diet, exercise, and emotional wellness.

Results:

That process informed a …

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Tracking Energy Balance In Adolescents: Levels Of Compliance, Energy Flux, And Learning, Senlin Chen, Xihe Zhu, Gregory J. Welk, Youngwon Kim

Human Movement Sciences & Special Education Faculty Publications

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Background/Objective: Advancing knowledge about energy balance (EB) is important for helping to reverse the obesity epidemic in many modern societies. This study examined adolescents' experience and perception of using an objective self-monitoring tool (SenseWear armband; SWA) and a portable diet journal to track EB for 7 days.

Methods: Forty-five 6th grade students in a midwestern state of the United States [Caucasian: n = 34, 76%; age: 11.7 ± 1.8 years; body mass index (BMI): 20.84 ± 3.94] participated in the study. The SWA, diet journal, and semistructured individual interview were used to measure energy expenditure (EE) and physical activity (PA), …

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Association Of Gastrointestinal Distress In Ultramarathoners With Race Diet, Kristin J. Stuempfle, Martin D. Hoffman, Tamara Hew-Butler

Health Sciences Faculty Publications

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Context: Gastrointestinal (GI) distress is common during ultrarunning.

Purpose: To determine if race diet is related to GI distress in a 161-km ultramarathon.

Methods: Fifteen (10 male, 5 female) consenting runners in the Javelina Jundred (6.5 loops on a desert trail) participated. Body mass was measured immediately pre-race and after each loop. Runners reported if they had nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and/or diarrhea after each loop. Subjects were interviewed after each loop to record food, fluid, and electrolyte consumption. Race diets were analyzed using Nutritionist Pro.

Results: Nine (8 male, 1 female) of 15 runners experienced GI distress including nausea …

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National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Safe Weight Loss And Maintenance Practices In Sport And Exercise, Paula Sammarone Turocy, Bernard F. Depalma, Craig A. Horswill, Kathleen M. Laquale, Thomas J. Martin, Arlette C. Perry, Marla J. Somova, Alan C. Utter

Movement Arts, Health Promotion and Leisure Studies Faculty Publications

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Objective: To present athletic trainers with recommendations for safe weight loss and weight maintenance practices for athletes and active clients and to provide athletes, clients, coaches, and parents with safe guidelines that will allow athletes and clients to achieve and maintain weight and body composition goals.

Background: Unsafe weight management practices can compromise athletic performance and negatively affect health. Athletes and clients often attempt to lose weight by not eating, limiting caloric or specific nutrients from the diet, engaging in pathogenic weight control behaviors, and restricting fluids. These people often respond to pressures of the sport or activity, coaches, peers, …

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Practical Suggestions For Vegetarian Athletes, Kathleen M. Laquale

Movement Arts, Health Promotion and Leisure Studies Faculty Publications

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The article recommends health practices and behavior for vegetarian athletes. Vegetarians can be categorized by the types of foods that they consume. Vegetarian diets are more common among adolescents with eating disorders than in the general adolescent population. Athletic trainers should be concerned if symptoms of eating disorders surface in an athlete who states that he or she is a vegetarian.

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