Epidemiology Commons^™

Coronary Heart Disease Mortality And Long-Term Exposure To Ambient Particulate Air Pollutants In Elderly Nonsmoking California Residents, Lie Hong Chen

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of long-term concentrations of ambient PM on risks of all causes, cardiopulmonary, coronary heart disease (CHD), total cancer, and any mention of nonmalignant respiratory disease (NMRD) mortality.

The health effects of long-term ambient air pollution have been studied with up to 30 years of follow-up in the AHSMOG cohort, a cohort of 6,338 nonsmoking white California adults. Monthly concentrations of ambient air pollutants [particulate matter(PMio), Ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) or particulate matter

In the AHSMOG cohort, each increment of 10 |ig/m3 in PMio in two-pollutant models …

Pufa And Vitamin D And Type 2 Diabetes Inflammatory Markers, Paulo A. Lotufo

Paulo A Lotufo

No abstract provided.

The Efficacy Of Spirometry As A Screening Tool In Detection Of Air Flow Obstruction, Nabeel Manzar, A. Suleman Haque, Bushra Manzar, Muhammad Irfan

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

Background/Objectives: In developing countries, spirometry has not been considered a part of routine medical check-up. The purpose of the study was to establish the usefulness of spirometry as a primary screening tool in detecting air flow obstruction (AFO) during routine medical check-up (RMC). Methods: This was a hospital based, retrospective, non-randomized case series study of 3696 participants, who presented to hospital for routine medical check-up. All subjects were assisted at the Pulmonary Medicine Department, from January 2003 till December 2008 who, having met other inclusion criteria, underwent spirometry. Data were analyzed using proportion, group means, standard deviations and …

Perfil Dos Acidentes De Trabalho No Brasil, 2004-2007 / Analysis Of Labor Accidents In Brazil, 2004 - 2007, Everton Fernando Alves

Everton Fernando Alves

Neste estudo sintetizam-se achados epidemiológicos de morbi- mortalidade decorrentes de acidentes de trabalho napopulação brasileira. O objetivo do estudo é descrever o perfil dos acidentes de trabalho no Brasil entre 2004 e 2007. Trata-se de um estudo descritivoexploratório utilizando como fonte de dados a estatística anual de acidentes do trabalho da Previdên- cia Social. Foram notificados 465.700 mil acidentesem 2004 e 653.090 em 2007, mostrando uma tendência ascendente nos acidentes com trabalhado- res formais no Brasil. Evidenciou-se que o estado de residência com maior acidentabilidade foi Santa Catarina com uma média de 577,3 acidentes para cada 100.000 trabalhadores. O aumento …

A Stepwise Approach To Stroke Surveillance In Brazil: The Emma (Estudo De Mortalidade E Morbidade Do Acidente Vascular Cerebral) Study, Paulo A. Lotufo

Paulo A Lotufo

Background: Stroke mortality rates in Brazil are the highest in the Americas. Deaths from cerebrovascular disease surpass coronary heart disease. Aim: To verify stroke mortality rates and morbidity in an area of Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil, using the World Health Organization Stepwise Approach to Stroke Surveillance. Methods: We used the World Health Organization Stepwise Approach to Stroke Surveillance structure of stroke surveillance. The hospital-based data comprised fatal and nonfatal stroke (Step 1). We gathered stroke-related mortality data in the community using World Health Organization questionnaires (Step 2). The questionnaire determining stroke prevalence was activated door to door in a family-healthprogramme neighbourhood …

The Role Of Unrealistic Optimism In Explaining Preventive Behaviors In High Versus Low Endemic Malaria Settings In Belize, Daniel G. Handysides

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Background: Of all the diseases an individual can encounter in the world, malaria is one of the most destructive. Simple measures like sleeping under a bednet would greatly reduce the burden (Abeku, 2007). When people estimate their risk relative to others, they are most often unrealistically optimistic, which may explain why those at risk often fail to perform behaviors, such as using a bednet that will reduce their risk. However, one study showed that people at high risk for malaria held pessimistic perceptions of their risk for the disease, but the reasons for this finding are unclear (Morrison, Ager, & …

Body Mass Index, Treatment Practices, And Mortality In Patients With Acute Heart Failure, Timothy Fitzgibbons, Olga Hardy, Darleen Lessard, Joel Gore, Jorge Yarzebski, Robert Goldberg

Jorge L. Yarzebski

OBJECTIVES: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of heart failure (HF). Among patients presenting with acute HF, however, differences in clinical characteristics, treatment regimens, and short-term prognosis of varying weights are largely unknown, particularly from a broader population-based perspective. METHODS: A total of 3722 patients admitted with acute HF to 11 greater Worcester (Massachusetts, USA) hospitals during 1995 and 2000 were categorized as being lean (n = 216), normal weight (n = 1465), overweight (n = 1007), or obese (n = 1034) at the time of hospitalization. RESULTS: Obese patients with decompensated HF were significantly younger (mean age = …

Multidecade-Long Trends (1986-2005) In The Utilization Of Coronary Reperfusion And Revascularization Treatment Strategies In Patients Hospitalized With Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Community-Wide Perspective, Jared Wasser, Robert Goldberg, Frederick Spencer, Jorge Yarzebski, Joel Gore

Jorge L. Yarzebski

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of our community-wide investigation were to describe multidecade-long trends (1986-2005) in the utilization of thrombolytic therapy, percutaneous coronary interventions, and coronary artery bypass graft surgery in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS: The study sample consisted of 9422 greater Worcester (MA) residents hospitalized with confirmed AMI at all metropolitan Worcester medical centers in 11 annual periods between 1986 and 2005. RESULTS: Increases in the utilization of percutaneous coronary interventions were observed between 1986 (2.0%) and 2005 (50.7%) with the most rapid increases beginning in the late 1990s. Utilization of coronary artery bypass graft surgery during …

Long-Term Trends In The Use Of Coronary Reperfusion Strategies In Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Community-Wide Perspective, Robert Goldberg, Frederick Spencer, Joseph Okolo, Darleen Lessard, Jorge Yarzebski, Joel Gore

Jorge L. Yarzebski

BACKGROUND: The objectives of our study were to examine long-term (1986-2003) trends in the use of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) and thrombolytic therapy in the management of patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) while our secondary study goal was to examine factors associated with use of these coronary reperfusion strategies. While there have been considerable changes in the management of patients hospitalized with AMI over time, limited contemporary data are available about changing trends in the use of different coronary reperfusion strategies, particularly from the more generalizable perspective of a population-based investigation. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 9,422 …

Use Of Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders In Patients With Kidney Disease Hospitalized With Acute Myocardial Infarction, Joline Chen, Jonathan Sosnov, Darleen Lessard, Jorge Yarzebski, Joel Gore, Robert Goldberg

Jorge L. Yarzebski

BACKGROUND: Patients with kidney disease are at increased risk for adverse health outcomes in comparison to patients without kidney disease. Therefore, patients with kidney disease may have greater use of do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders than patients without kidney disease in the setting of an acute illness. We examined the association between advanced kidney disease and use of DNR orders in patients admitted with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) to all greater Worcester, MA, hospitals as part of an epidemiological study.

METHODS: Use of DNR orders in 4,033 Worcester residents hospitalized with AMI at 11 greater Worcester medical centers during 1997, 1999, …

Treatment Practices And Outcomes Of Patients With Established Peripheral Arterial Disease Hospitalized With Acute Myocardial Infarction In A Community Setting, Frederick Spencer, Darleen Lessard, Chyke Doubeni, Jorge Yarzebski, Joel Gore, Robert Goldberg

Jorge L. Yarzebski

BACKGROUND: There are little contemporary data available describing the hospital and long-term outcomes of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) who are hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The objectives of our population-based study were to examine the hospital and long-term outcomes, as well as the use of different treatment practices, among patients with established PAD who were hospitalized with AMI. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 4480 patients hospitalized with AMI at all Worcester, Mass, medical centers in 4 alternate years between 1997 and 2003. RESULTS: Among the metropolitan Worcester residents hospitalized with AMI, 13.5% had a history of …

Excess Body Weight, Clinical Profile, Management Practices, And Hospital Prognosis In Men And Women After Acute Myocardial Infarction, Robert Goldberg, Jiang Cui, Barbara Olendzki, Frederick Spencer, Jorge Yarzebski, Darleen Lessard, Joel Gore

Jorge L. Yarzebski

BACKGROUND: Excess body weight is increasingly being recognized as a major health problem in American men and women. It is unclear, however, whether body weight is associated with the demographic and clinical profile, treatment of, and hospital prognosis after acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

METHODS: Nonconcurrent prospective epidemiologic investigation of Worcester (Massachusetts) metropolitan residents hospitalized at all 11 greater Worcester medical centers with validated AMI in 1997, 1999, 2001, and 2003.

RESULTS: A total of 2008 men and 1505 women were hospitalized with confirmed AMI during the 4 study periods. Approximately 41% of men and 29% of women were classified as …

Validation Of A Stroke Symptom Questionnaire For Epidemiological Surveys., Paulo A. Lotufo

Paulo A Lotufo

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE:Stroke is a relevant issue within public health and requires epidemiological surveillance tools. The aim here was to validate a questionnaire for evaluating individuals with stroke symptoms in the Stroke Morbidity and Mortality Study (Estudo de Mortalidade e Morbidade do Acidente Vascular Cerebral, EMMA), São Paulo, Brazil.DESIGN AND SETTING:This was a cross-sectional study performed among a sample of the inhabitants of Butantã, an area in the western zone of the city of São Paulo.METHODS:For all households in the coverage area of a primary healthcare unit, household members over the age of 35 years answered a stroke symptom questionnaire …

Socioeconomic Status And Coronary Heart Disease Mortality In The City Of Sao Paulo, Brazil (1996 To 2007), Paulo A. Lotufo

Paulo A Lotufo

No abstract provided.

Non-Inferiority Trials [In Portuguese], Paulo A. Lotufo

Paulo A Lotufo

No abstract provided.

Cardiovascular And Cancer Mortality In Brazil, Paulo A. Lotufo

Paulo A Lotufo

Cancer are not surpassing Cardiovascular Diseases. Here you have an evaluation of mortality in Brazil. The debate was ignited by paper from IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) that forecasts cancer deaths surpassing heart diseases rates during de 2020’s. There is no dispute about the fact that - at least in the US and other countries - the decline of mortality deaths for heart diseases presenting a faster pace compared to cancer death rates. It is an epidemiological evidence that must be analyzed and some headline fueling hype as “heart diseases as an old agenda of public health and …

Gender Differences Of Case-Fatality Rate In A Brazilian Stroke Registry, Paulo A. Lotufo

Paulo A Lotufo

No abstract provided.

Characteristics Of Small Areas With A Higher Stroke Mortality, Paulo A. Lotufo

Paulo A Lotufo

No abstract provided.

Higher Frequency Of Stroke Deaths On Monday And Saturday, Paulo A. Lotufo

Paulo A Lotufo

No abstract provided.

Social Inequalities And The Decline Of Stroke Mortality In The City Of Sao Paulo, Brazil, Paulo A. Lotufo

Paulo A Lotufo

No abstract provided.

Stroke Prevalence In A Poor Neighbourhood Of Sao Paulo, Brazil: Applying A Stroke Symptom Questionnaire, Paulo A. Lotufo

Paulo A Lotufo

Background Brazil has one of the highest stroke mortality rates in the world, these rates are most endemic in the poor. We verified the prevalence of stroke in a deprived neighbourhood in the city of Sa˜ o Paulo, Brazil and compared it with other surveys worldwide. Methods A questionnaire with six questions concerning limb and facial weakness, articulation, sensory disturbances, impaired vision, and past diagnosis of stroke was completed door-to-door in a well-defined area of 15 000 people. Questionnaires were considered positive when a participant answered two or more questions about stroke symptoms or the presence of stroke being confirmed …

Subclinical Hyperthyroidism And Dementia: The Sao Paulo Ageing & Health Study (Spah), Paulo A. Lotufo

Paulo A Lotufo

Background: Several epidemiologic studies have shown a possible association between thyroid function and cognitive decline. Our aim was to evaluate the association of subclinical hyperthyroidism and dementia in a population sample of older people. Methods: A cross-sectional study - São Paulo Ageing & Health Study (SPAH) - in a population sample of low-income elderly people ≥ 65 years-old to evaluate presence of subclinical thyroid disease as a risk factor for dementia. Thyroid function was assessed using thyrotropic hormone and free-thyroxine as well as routine use of thyroid hormones or antithyroid medications. Cases of dementia were assessed using a harmonized one-phase …

Program Evaluation For Tdap Immunization Standing Orders In A Birthing Hospital, Helen Crean Taugher

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Projects

Newborn infants are vulnerable to pertussis infections. Although the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends that babies begin their diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis (DTaP) immunization series at two months of age, the minimum age for administration of the vaccine is six weeks of age (Centers for Disease Control [CDC], 2008). Young infants are at risk for whooping cough infection transmitted from parents, siblings and care-givers during the pre-vaccination period in the first two months of life, particularly pertussis transmitted from their mothers. Since the licensure of adult/adolescent formulations of tetanus, diphtheria and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine in 2005, …

Diminishing Availability Of Publicly Funded Slots For Antiretroviral Initiation Among Hiv-Infected Art-Eligible Patients In Uganda, Elvin Geng

Elvin H Geng

No abstract provided.

Tracking A Sample Of Patients Lost To Follow-Up Has A Major Impact On Understanding Determinants Of Survival In Hiv-Infected Patients On Antiretroviral Therapy In Africa, Elvin Geng

Elvin H Geng

No abstract provided.