Epidemiology Commons^™

Factors Associated With Hiv Testing Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men In Myanmar: A Cross-Sectional Study, Minh D. Pham, Poe Poe Aung, Aye Kyawt Paing, Naanki Pasricha, Paul A. Agius, Waimar Tun, Ashish Bajracharya, Stanley Luchters

Population Health, East Africa

Introduction: In Myanmar, men who have sex with men (MSM) experience high risk of HIV infection. However, access to HIV testing and prevention services remains a challenge among this marginalized population. The objective of this study was to estimate population prevalence and correlates of prior HIV testing among young MSM (YMSM) and informs the development of HIV testing and intervention programmes that respond to the specific needs of this population.

Methods: Five hundred and eighty-five YMSM aged 18 to 24 years were recruited using respondent-driven sampling (RDS) in a cross-sectional survey conducted in six townships of Myanmar. RDS-adjusted population estimates …

Anthropometric Indices For Non-Pregnant Women Of Childbearing Age Differ Widely Among Four Low-Middle Income Populations, K Michael Hambidge, Nancy F. Krebs, Ana Garcés, Jamie E. Westcott, Lester Figueroa, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, Sangappa Dhaded, Omrana Pasha, Sumera Aziz Ali, Antoinette Tshefu

Community Health Sciences

Background: Maternal stature and body mass indices (BMI) of non-pregnant women (NPW) of child bearing age are relevant to maternal and offspring health. The objective was to compare anthropometric indices of NPW in four rural communities in low- to low-middle income countries (LMIC).
Methods: Anthropometry and maternal characteristics/household wealth questionnaires were obtained for NPW enrolled in the Women First Preconception Maternal Nutrition Trial. Body mass index (BMI, kg/m²) was calculated. Z-scores were determined using WHO reference data.
Results: A total of 7268 NPW participated in Equateur, DRC (n = 1741); Chimaltenango, Guatemala (n = 1695); North …

A Description Of The Methods Of The Aspirin Supplementation For Pregnancy Indicated Risk Reduction In Nulliparas (Aspirin) Study, Matthew K. Hoffman, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, Bhalachandra S. Kodkany, Norman Goco, Marion Koso-Thomas, Menachem Miodovnik, Elizabeth M. Mcclure, Dennis D. Wallace, Jennifer J. Emingway-Foday, Antoinette Tshefu, Adrien Lokangaka, Carl L. Bose, Elwyn Chomba, Musaku Mwenechanya, Waldemar A. Carlo, Ana Garces, Nancy F. Krebs, K. Michael Hambidge, Sarah Saleem, Robert L. Goldenberg, Archana Patel, Patricia L. Hibberd, Fabian Esamai, Edward A. Liechty, Robert Silver, Richard J. Derman

Community Health Sciences

Background: Preterm birth (PTB) remains the leading cause of neonatal mortality and long term disability throughout the world. Though complex in its origins, a growing body of evidence suggests that first trimester administration of low dose aspirin (LDA) may substantially reduce the rate of PTB.
Methods: Hypothesis: LDA initiated in the first trimester reduces the risk of preterm birth. Study Design Type: Prospective randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded multi-national clinical trial conducted in seven low and middle income countries. Trial will be individually randomized with one-to-one ratio (intervention/control) Population: Nulliparous women between the ages of 14 and 40, with a …

Unintended Pregnancies Among Married Women In Sindh Pakistan: Role Of Lady Health Workers, Sumera Aziz Ali, Unaib Rabbani

Community Health Sciences

Background: Unintended pregnancies, which pose substantial risks to both mothers and children, account for 24% of all pregnancies in Pakistan. Door to door visits and service provision by lady health workers (LHWs) may be related to the reduction of such pregnancies, particularly in rural areas. This study aimed to determine the association of knowledge about Lady Health Visitors (LHWs) and door to door visits by LHWs with unintended pregnancies among rural women.
Methods: We conducted a community-based, nested case-control study of 800 pregnant women, identified from the database of an active surveillance mechanism, which registers and follows all pregnant women …

The Effect Of Breastfeeding On The Cognitive And Language Development Of Children Under 3 Years Of Age: Results Of Balochistan-Early Childhood Development Project, Meesha Iqbal Iqbal, Ghazala Rafique, Sumera Aziz Ali

Community Health Sciences

Background: Breastfeeding is known to be an important factor in the overall growth and development of children. Breastfeeding is thought to lead to enhance cognitive and language development of a child. However, this association has not yet been scientifically and statistically established. This study aimed to explore this association in children under 3 years of age.
Methods: This was a secondary data-analysis of the baseline data of “Balochistan – Early Childhood Development Project”. The final sample comprised of 604 children less than 3 years of age. The children were selected by three-stage stratified random sampling from three districts of Balochistan …