Environmental Public Health Commons^™

Projecting Sex Imbalances At Birth At Global, Regional And National Levels From 2021 To 2100: Scenario-Based Bayesian Probabilistic Projections Of The Sex Ratio At Birth And Missing Female Births Based On 3.26 Billion Birth Records, Fengqing Chao, Patrick Gerland, Alex Richard Cook, Christophe Z. Guilmoto, Leontine Alkema

Biostatistics and Epidemiology Faculty Publications Series

Introduction Skewed levels of the sex ratio at birth (SRB) due to sex-selective abortions have been observed in several countries since the 1970s. They will lead to long-term sex imbalances in more than one-third of the world's population with yet unknown social and economic impacts on affected countries. Understanding the potential evolution of sex imbalances at birth is therefore essential for anticipating and planning for changing sex structures across the world. Methods We produced probabilistic SRB projections from 2021 to 2100 based on different scenarios of sex ratio transition and assessed their implications in terms of missing female births at …

Community Perspectives On The Creation Of A Hospital-Based Doula Program, Laura B. Attanasio, Marisa Decosta, Reva Kleppel, Tiki Govantes, Heather Z. Sankey, Sarah L. Goff

Health Promotion and Policy Faculty Publication Series

Objective: Racial and ethnic inequities in perinatal health outcomes are pervasive. Doula support is an evidence-based practice for improving maternal outcomes. However, women in lower-income populations often do not have access to doulas. This study explored community perspectives on doula care to inform the development of a hospital-based doula program to serve primarily low-income women of color.

Methods: Four focus groups and four individual interviews were conducted with: (1) women who were pregnant or parenting a child under age 2 (n=20); (2) people who had provided support during a birth in the previous 2 years (n=5); …

Global, Regional, And National Mortality Trends In Youth Aged 15-24 Years Between 1990 And 2019: A Systemic Analysis, Bruno Masquelier, Lucia Hug, David Sharrow, Danzhen You, Colin Mathers, Patrick Gerland, Leontine Alkema

Biostatistics and Epidemiology Faculty Publications Series

Background The global health community is devoting considerable attention to adolescents and young people, but risk of death in this population is poorly measured. We aimed to reconstruct global, regional, and national mortality trends for youths aged 15-24 years between 1990 and 2019. Methods In this systematic analysis, we used all publicly available data on mortality in the age group 15-24 years for 195 countries, as compiled by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. We used nationally representative vital registration data, estimated the completeness of death registration, and extracted mortality rates from surveys with sibling histories, household deaths …

Modeling Of Future Covid-19 Cases, Hospitalizations, And Deaths, By Vaccination Rates And Nonpharmaceutical Intervention Scenarios — United States, April–September 2021, Rebecca K. Borchering Phd, Cécile Viboud Phd, Emily Howerton, Claire P. Smith, Shaun Truelove Phd, Michael C. Runge Phd, Nicholas G. Reich Phd, Lucie Contamin Ms, John Levander, Jessica Salerno Mph

Biostatistics and Epidemiology Faculty Publications Series

No abstract provided.

The Science Of Spin: Targeted Strategies To Manufacture Doubt With Detrimental Effects On Environmental And Public Health, Rebecca F. Goldberg, Laura N. Vandenberg

Environmental Health Sciences Faculty Publication Series

Background Numerous groups, such as the tobacco industry, have deliberately altered and misrepresented knowable facts and empirical evidence to promote an agenda, often for monetary benefit, with consequences for environmental and public health. Previous research has explored cases individually, but none have conducted an in-depth comparison between cases. The purpose of this study was to compile a comprehensive list of tactics used by disparate groups and provide a framework for identifying further instances of manufactured doubt. Methods We examined scholarly books, peer-reviewed articles, well-researched journalism pieces, and legal evidence related to five disparate industries and organizations selected for their destructive …

Implementing The Physical Activity Vital Sign In An Academic Preventative Cardiology Clinic, Margaret M. Mccarthy, Jason Fletcher, Sean Heffron, Adam Szerencsy, Devin Mann, Allison Vorderstrasse

Elaine Marieb College of Nursing Faculty Publication Series

The aims were to implement physical activity (PA) screening as part of the electronic kiosk check-in process in an adult preventive cardiology clinic and assess factors related to patients’ self-reported PA. The 3-question physical activity vital sign (PAVS) was embedded in the Epic electronic medical record and included how many days, minutes and intensity (light, moderate, vigorous) of PA patients conducted on average. This is a data analysis of PAVS data over a 60-day period. We conducted multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with not meeting current PA recommendations. Over 60 days, a total of 1322 patients checked into …

Older Adults' Daily Step Counts And Time In Sedentary Behavior And Different Intensities Of Physical Activity, Shiho Amagasa, Noritoshi Fukushima, Hiroyuki Kikuchi, Koichiro Oka, Sebastien Chastin, Catrine Tudor-Locke, Neville Owen, Shigeru Inoue

Kinesiology Department Faculty Publication Series

Background: Daily step count is the simplest measure of physical activity. However, little is known about how daily step count related to time spent in different intensities of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB). Methods: These cross-sectional data were derived from 450 older Japanese adults (56.7% men; mean age, 74.3 years) who were randomly selected from three communities and responded a survey. Daily step count and time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), light-intensity PA (LPA), and SB were measured using a validated wearable technology (HJA-350IT). Associations of daily step count with time spent in measured behaviors were examined using …