Community Health and Preventive Medicine Commons^™

Paid Sick Leave, Chronic Disease, And Systemic Racism: A Systematic Review, Lauren Yee

University Honors Theses

The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the impact of paid sick leave (PSL) availability on chronic disease prevention, treatment, and recovery. Furthermore, this study aims to investigate the role of race on this relationship as a possible source of systemic racism. The findings of this review show a growing body of evidence that affirms the statistically significant association between PSL and chronic disease-related outcomes. The availability of PSL has the potential to remove financial barriers allowing employees to access preventative services for chronic diseases. Access to PSL also increases work resumption by improving financial stability after being …

On Epidemiology As Racial-Capitalist (Re)Colonization And Epistemic Violence, Ryan J. Petteway

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

This commentary reflects upon power-knowledge dynamics and matters of epistemic, procedural, and distributive justice that undergird epidemiological knowledge production related to racial health inequities in the U.S. Grounded in Foucault’s power-knowledge concepts—“objects”, “ritual”, and “the privileged”—and guided by Black feminist philosopher Kristie Dotson’s conceptualization of epistemic violence, it critiques the dominant positivist, reductionist, and extractivist paradigm of epidemiology, interrogating the settler-colonial and racial-capitalist nature of the knowledge production/curation enterprise. The commentary challenges epidemiology’s affinity for epistemological, procedural, and methodological norms that effectively silence/erase community knowledge(s) and nuance in favor of reductionist empirical representations/re-presentations produced by researchers who, often, have never …

Association Of Patient- Provider Language Concordance With Health Care Comprehension Among Latino/As In Oregon: Work In Progress, Grace Parra

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

Authors: Grace Parra, Sara Diaz-Anaya, & Blair G. Darney PhD, MPH.

Title

Association of patient- provider language concordance with health care comprehension among Latino/as in Oregon: Work in progress

Background

Language concordance in a healthcare setting is a clinical encounter where the patient and provider speak the same language. Health care comprehension is the degree to which individuals understand health-related information given by the provider. Research to date suggests that language barriers in health care negatively impact quality of care .The purpose of this study is to describe need and preferences for language concordant care and test the association …

Pregnancy Outcomes And Documentation Status Among Latina Women: A Systematic Review, Dawn M. Richardson, Sarah B. Andrea, Amber Ziring, Cassandra Robinson, Lynne Messer

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Purpose: The impression that Latinas experience paradoxically good pregnancy outcomes in the United States persists, despite evidence showing that these outcomes are not enjoyed by all Latina subgroups. We conducted this systematic literature review to examine the relationship between documentation status and pregnancy outcomes among Latinas.

Methods: This review synthesizes empirical evidence on this relationship; examines how these studies define and operationalize documentation status; and makes recommendations of how a more comprehensive methodological approach can guide public health research on the impact of documentation status on Latina immigrants to the United States. We searched the literature within PubMed, …

World Health Organization Cardiovascular Disease Risk Charts: Revised Models To Estimate Risk In 21 Global Regions, Stephen Kaptoge, Lisa Pennells, Dirk De Bacquer, Marie Therese Cooney, Maryam Kavousi, Gretchen Stevens, Leanne Margaret Riley, Stefan Savin, Taskeen Khan, Servet Altay, Carlos J. Crespo, Multiple Additional Authors

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: To help adapt cardiovascular disease risk prediction approaches to low-income and middle-income countries, WHO has convened an effort to develop, evaluate, and illustrate revised risk models. Here, we report the derivation, validation, and illustration of the revised WHO cardiovascular disease risk prediction charts that have been adapted to the circumstances of 21 global regions.

Methods: In this model revision initiative, we derived 10-year risk prediction models for fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular disease (ie, myocardial infarction and stroke) using individual participant data from the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration. Models included information on age, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, history …

Prescription Opioid Use Patterns, Use Disorder Diagnoses, And Addiction Treatment Receipt After The 2014 Medicaid Expansion In Oregon, Rachel Springer, Miguel Marino, Steffani R. Bailey, Heather Angier, Jean O'Malley, Megan Hoopes, Stephan Lindner, Jennifer E. Devoe, Nathalie Huguet

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background/Aims: Evidence suggests Medicaid beneficiaries in the USA are prescribed opioids more frequently than are people who are privately‐insured, but little is known about opioid prescribing patterns among Medicaid enrollees who gained coverage via the Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansions. This study compared the prevalence of receipt of opioid prescriptions and opioid‐use‐disorder (OUD), along with time from OUD diagnosis to medication‐assisted treatment (MAT) receipt between Oregon residents who had been continuously insured by Medicaid, were newly insured after Medicaid expansion in 2014, or returned to Medicaid coverage after expansion.

Design: Cross‐sectional study using inverse‐propensity weights to adjust for …

Perceptions Of Needs, Assets, And Priorities Among Black Men Who Have Sex With Men With Hiv: Community-Driven Actions And Impacts Of A Participatory Photovoice Process, Christina J. Sun, Jennifer L. Nall, Scott D. Rhodes

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Black men who have sex with men (MSM) with HIV experience significant health inequities and poorer health outcomes compared with other persons with HIV. The primary aims of this study were to describe the needs, assets, and priorities of Black MSM with HIV who live in the Southern United States and identify actions to improve their health using photovoice. Photovoice, a participatory, collaborative research methodology that combines documentary photography with group discussion, was conducted with six Black MSM with HIV. From the photographs and discussions, primary themes of discrimination and rejection, lack of mental health services, coping strategies to reduce …

Evaluating Knowledge Of Developmental Disabilities Among Wic Participants, Carolina Regalado Murillo, Katharine Zuckerman, Alison Chavez, Julie A. Reeder

Student Research Symposium

Background: Children in racial/ethnic minority and low-income families are more likely to experience low rates of early developmental disability (DD) diagnosis. Racial/ethnic and language differences in parent information about DDs could contribute to diagnostic delays, but little is known about differences in parent DD familiarity.

Objectives: To assess DD knowledge and information in a sample of low-income families.

Methods: We conducted a self-administered survey on 539 parents attending their child’s appointment at the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) in six Oregon counties. Survey items assessed familiarity with early signs of DDs, self-reported knowledge about DDs, …

A Program Evaluation Of A Housing With Services Project For Low-Income Adults In Portland, Oregon, Jack A. Phillips, Paula C. Carder, Diana White

Student Research Symposium

Reducing hospital use and connecting individuals to local available services and supports are key features of the Affordable Care Act. Adult residents of public housing tend to experience worse health outcomes than other adults. Poor self-rated health and high rates of emergency department use and hospitalization among these residents have prompted efforts to improve health outcomes. Even among residents living independently, prior research indicates that health and social disparities can be effectively addressed through coordinated care and improved access to health and social services.

Cedar Sinai Park—a nonprofit residential care organization located in Portland, Oregon—will implement a demonstration project attempting …

Preliminary Efficacy Of A Computer-Delivered Hiv Prevention Intervention For African American Teenage Females, Charles H. Klein, Josefina J. Card

Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations

This study translated SiHLE (Sisters Informing, Healing, Living, and Empowering), a 12-hour Centers for Disease Control and Prevention evidence based group-level intervention for African American females 14-18 years of age, into a 2-hour computer-delivered individual-level intervention. A randomized controlled trial (n = 178) was conducted to examine the efficacy of the new Multimedia SiHLE intervention. Average condom-protected sex acts (proportion of vaginal sex acts with condoms, last 90 days) for sexually active participants receiving Multimedia SiHLE rose from M = 51% at baseline to M = 71% at 3-month follow-up (t = 2.06, p = .05); no statistically significant difference …