Community Health and Preventive Medicine Commons^™

Dispelling The Malaria-Typhoid Co-Infection Myth In Nigeria. A Literature Review, Olawale Akinola

Dartmouth Library Staff Publications

Malaria and typhoid fever are public health concerns in Nigeria, with high prevalence rates. The perception of a widespread co-infection between these diseases may be misleading, due to limitations in diagnostic methods, particularly the Widal test for typhoid fever. This literature review examines the prevalence of malaria-typhoid co-infection in Nigeria and identifies factors contributing to misdiagnosis, including non-specific symptoms, limited diagnostic resources, and the diagnostic accuracy of tests employed. Additionally, the review discusses the implications of misdiagnosis, such as the overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics leading to a rising incidence of antimicrobial resistance. Strategies to address this issue are explored, emphasizing …

Evidenced-Based Strategies To Increase Cervical Cancer Screening Rates, Tuong Cat Vo Bsn-Rn, Nada Salloukh Bsn-Rn, Tatiana Elena Swanson Bsn-Rn, Xiao Mie Cindy Zhu Bsn-Rn, Laura Taylor Reed Dnp, Aprn, Fnp-Bc

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Purpose/Background

Cervical cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer affecting women worldwide (Staley et al., 2021). With cervical cancer being a preventable disease, an effective method of reducing healthcare costs and mortality is primary prevention, such as screenings. Financial burdens and barriers to accessing medical care may result due to the lack of proper cervical cancer screenings. Detecting cervical cancer includes screening women 21 to 65 years old with a Papanicolaou (PAP) test every three years. Women aged 30 to 65 years old can extend the screening of cervical cancer by having a Human Papillomavirus (HPV) test along with …

Close Contacts Of Xenograft Recipients: Ethical Considerations Due To Risk Of Xenozoonosis, Daniel J Hurst, Luz Padilla, Daniel Rodger, Tamar Schiff, David K C Cooper

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Faculty Scholarship

With decades of pre-clinical studies culminating in the recent clinical application of xenotransplantation, it would appear timely to provide recommendations for operationalizing oversight of xenotransplantation clinical trials. Ethical issues with clinical xenotransplantation have been described for decades, largely centering on animal welfare, the risks posed to the recipient, and public health risks posed by potential spread of xenozoonosis. Much less attention has been given to considerations relating to potentially elevated risks faced by those who may care for or otherwise have close contact with xenograft recipients. This paper examines the ethical and logistical issues raised by the potential exposure to …

Neighborhood Environment And Poor Maternal Glycemic Control-Associated Complications Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Leela V. Thomas, Claudine T. Jurkovitz, Zugui Zhang, Mitchell R. Fawcett, M. James Lenhard

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

INTRODUCTION: Risk of complications due to gestational diabetes mellitus is increasing in the U.S., particularly among individuals from racial minorities. Research has focused largely on clinical interventions to prevent complications, rarely on individuals' residential environments. This retrospective cohort study aims to examine the association between individuals' neighborhoods and complications of gestational diabetes mellitus.

METHODS: Demographic and clinical data were extracted from electronic health records and linked to American Community Survey data from the U.S. Census Bureau for 2,047 individuals who had 2,164 deliveries in 2014-2018. Data were analyzed in 2021-2022 using Wilcoxon rank sum test and chi-square test for bivariate …

A Conceptual Analysis Of Sbirt Implementation Alongside The Continuum Of Prep Awareness: Domains Of Fit And Feasibility., Lesley M. Harris, Kerr C. Jelani, Blake D. Skidmore, Smita Ghare, Andrea Reyes-Vega, Vania Remenik-Zarauz, Harideep Samanapally, Rana U. Anwar, Rishikesh Rijal, Kendall Bryant, Martin T. Hall, Shirish Barve

Faculty Scholarship

Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) is a supplementary intervention that can be incorporated into the Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Care Continuum, complementing initiatives and endeavors focused on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevention in clinical care and community-based work. Referencing the Transtheoretical Model of Change and the PrEP Awareness Continuum, this conceptual analysis highlights how SBIRT amplifies ongoing HIV prevention initiatives and presents a distinct chance to address identified gaps. SBIRT's mechanisms show promise of fit and feasibility through (a) implementing universal Screening (S), (b) administering a Brief Intervention (BI) grounded in motivational interviewing aimed at assisting individuals in …